v3.12.1

Docsify GA plugin seems to be broken:

- https://github.com/docsifyjs/docsify/issues/1695
- https://github.com/docsifyjs/docsify/pull/1702

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 open_collective: task
-patreon: andreynering
-custom: 'https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=GSVDU63RKG45A&currency_code=BRL&source=url'
+custom: 'https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=GSVDU63RKG45A&currency_code=USD&source=url'

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 ---
 name: Bug Report
 about: Use the template to report bugs and issues
-labels: bug
 ---
 
 - Task version:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 ---
 name: Feature Request
 about: Use the template to make feature requests
-labels: feature
 ---
 
 Describe in detail what feature do you want to see in Task.

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+version: 2
+
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: gomod
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly
+      day: saturday
+      time: '08:00'
+      timezone: America/Sao_Paulo

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -10,17 +10,17 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v1
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v1
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
         with:
-          go-version: 1.15.x
+          go-version: 1.18.x
 
       - name: Run GoReleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v1
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v2
         with:
           version: latest
           args: release --rm-dist
         env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{secrets.GH_PAT}}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ jobs:
     name: Test
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        go-version: [1.14.x, 1.15.x]
+        go-version: [1.17.x, 1.18.x]
         platform: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
     runs-on: ${{matrix.platform}}
     steps:
       - name: Set up Go ${{matrix.go-version}}
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v1
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
         with:
           go-version: ${{matrix.go-version}}
         id: go
 
       - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
-        uses: actions/checkout@v1
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
 
       - name: Download Go modules
         run: go mod download
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ jobs:
         run: go build -o ./bin/task -v ./cmd/task
 
       - name: Test
-        run: ./bin/task test
+        run: ./bin/task test --output=group --output-group-begin='::group::{{.TASK}}' --output-group-end='::endgroup::'

.gitignore

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ dist/
 
 .DS_Store
 
-# intellij idea/goland
+# editors
 .idea/
+.vscode/
 
 # exuberant ctags
 tags

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 build:
   binary: task
-  main: cmd/task/task.go
+  main: ./cmd/task
   goos:
     - windows
     - darwin
@@ -17,9 +17,18 @@ build:
       goarch: 386
   env:
     - CGO_ENABLED=0
+  ldflags:
+    - -s -w # Don't set main.version.
+
+gomod:
+  proxy: true
 
 archives:
   - name_template: "{{.Binary}}_{{.Os}}_{{.Arch}}"
+    files:
+      - README.md
+      - LICENSE
+      - completion/**/*
     format_overrides:
       - goos: windows
         format: zip
@@ -45,3 +54,27 @@ nfpms:
       - deb
       - rpm
     file_name_template: "{{.ProjectName}}_{{.Os}}_{{.Arch}}"
+    contents:
+      - src: completion/bash/task.bash
+        dst: /etc/bash_completion.d/task
+      - src: completion/fish/task.fish
+        dst: /usr/share/fish/completions/task.fish
+      - src: completion/zsh/_task
+        dst: /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_task
+
+brews:
+  - name: go-task
+    description: Task runner / simpler Make alternative written in Go
+    license: MIT
+    homepage: https://taskfile.dev
+    folder: Formula
+    tap:
+      owner: go-task
+      name: homebrew-tap
+    test:
+      system "#{bin}/task", "--help"
+    install: |-
+      bin.install "task"
+      bash_completion.install "completion/bash/task.bash" => "task"
+      zsh_completion.install "completion/zsh/_task" => "_task"
+      fish_completion.install "completion/fish/task.fish"

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,6 +1,170 @@
 # Changelog
 
-## v3.2.2
+## v3.12.1 - 2022-05-10
+
+- Fixed bug where, on Windows, variables were ending with `\r` because we were
+  only removing the final `\n` but not `\r\n`
+  ([#717](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/717)).
+
+## v3.12.0 - 2022-03-31
+
+- The `--list` and `--list-all` flags can now be combined with the `--silent`
+  flag to print the task names only, without their description
+  ([#691](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/691)).
+- Added support for multi-level inclusion of Taskfiles. This means that
+  included Taskfiles can also include other Taskfiles. Before this was limited
+  to one level
+  ([#390](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/390), [#623](https://github.com/go-task/task/discussions/623), [#656](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/656)).
+- Add ability to specify vars when including a Taskfile.
+  [Check out the documentation](https://taskfile.dev/#/usage?id=vars-of-included-taskfiles)
+  for more information.
+  ([#677](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/677)).
+
+## v3.11.0 - 2022-02-19
+
+- Task now supports printing begin and end messages when using the `group`
+  output mode, useful for grouping tasks in CI systems.
+  [Check out the documentation](http://taskfile.dev/#/usage?id=output-syntax) for more information
+  ([#647](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/647), [#651](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/651)).
+- Add `Taskfile.dist.yml` and `Taskfile.dist.yaml` to the supported file
+  name list. [Check out the documentation](https://taskfile.dev/#/usage?id=supported-file-names) for more information
+  ([#498](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/498), [#666](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/666)).
+
+## v3.10.0 - 2022-01-04
+
+- A new `--list-all` (alias `-a`) flag is now available. It's similar to the
+  exiting `--list` (`-l`) but prints all tasks, even those without a
+  description
+  ([#383](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/383), [#401](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/401)).
+- It's now possible to schedule cleanup commands to run once a task finishes
+  with the `defer:` keyword
+  ([Documentation](https://taskfile.dev/#/usage?id=doing-task-cleanup-with-defer), [#475](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/475), [#626](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/626)).
+- Remove long deprecated and undocumented `$` variable prefix and `^` command
+  prefix
+  ([#642](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/642), [#644](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/644), [#645](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/645)).
+- Add support for `.yaml` extension (as an alternative to `.yml`).
+  This was requested multiple times throughout the years. Enjoy!
+  ([#183](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/183), [#184](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/184), [#369](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/369), [#584](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/584), [#621](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/621)).
+- Fixed error when computing a variable when the task directory do not exist
+  yet
+  ([#481](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/481), [#579](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/579)).
+
+## v3.9.2 - 2021-12-02
+
+- Upgrade [mvdan/sh](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) which contains a fix a for
+  a important regression on Windows
+  ([#619](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/619), [mvdan/sh#768](https://github.com/mvdan/sh/issues/768), [mvdan/sh#769](https://github.com/mvdan/sh/pull/769)).
+
+## v3.9.1 - 2021-11-28
+
+- Add logging in verbose mode for when a task starts and finishes
+  ([#533](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/533), [#588](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/588)).
+- Fix an issue with preconditions and context errors
+  ([#597](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/597), [#598](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/598)).
+- Quote each `{{.CLI_ARGS}}` argument to prevent one with spaces to become many
+  ([#613](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/613)).
+- Fix  nil pointer when `cmd:` was left empty
+  ([#612](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/612), [#614](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/614)).
+- Upgrade [mvdan/sh](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) which contains two
+  relevant fixes:
+  - Fix quote of empty strings in `shellQuote`
+    ([#609](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/609), [mvdan/sh#763](https://github.com/mvdan/sh/issues/763)).
+  - Fix issue of wrong environment variable being picked when there's another
+    very similar one
+    ([#586](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/586), [mvdan/sh#745](https://github.com/mvdan/sh/pull/745)).
+- Install shell completions automatically when installing via Homebrew
+  ([#264](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/264), [#592](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/592), [go-task/homebrew-tap#2](https://github.com/go-task/homebrew-tap/pull/2)).
+
+## v3.9.0 - 2021-10-02
+
+- A new `shellQuote` function was added to the template system
+  (`{{shellQuote "a string"}}`) to ensure a string is safe for use in shell
+  ([mvdan/sh#727](https://github.com/mvdan/sh/pull/727), [mvdan/sh#737](https://github.com/mvdan/sh/pull/737), [Documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/mvdan.cc/sh/v3@v3.4.0/syntax#Quote))
+- In this version [mvdan.cc/sh](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) was upgraded
+  with some small fixes and features
+  - The `read -p` flag is now supported
+    ([#314](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/314), [mvdan/sh#551](https://github.com/mvdan/sh/issues/551), [mvdan/sh#772](https://github.com/mvdan/sh/pull/722))
+  - The `pwd -P` and `pwd -L` flags are now supported
+    ([#553](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/553), [mvdan/sh#724](https://github.com/mvdan/sh/issues/724), [mvdan/sh#728](https://github.com/mvdan/sh/pull/728))
+  - The `$GID` environment variable is now correctly being set
+    ([#561](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/561), [mvdan/sh#723](https://github.com/mvdan/sh/pull/723))
+
+## v3.8.0 - 2021-09-26
+
+- Add `interactive: true` setting to improve support for interactive CLI apps
+  ([#217](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/217), [#563](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/563)).
+- Fix some `nil` errors
+  ([#534](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/534), [#573](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/573)).
+- Add ability to declare an included Taskfile as optional
+  ([#519](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/519), [#552](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/552)).
+- Add support for including Taskfiles in the home directory by using `~`
+  ([#539](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/539), [#557](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/557)).
+
+## v3.7.3 - 2021-09-04
+
+- Add official support to Apple M1 ([#564](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/564), [#567](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/567)).
+- Our [official Homebrew tap](https://github.com/go-task/homebrew-tap) will
+  support more platforms, including Apple M1
+
+## v3.7.0 - 2021-07-31
+
+- Add `run:` setting to control if tasks should run multiple times or not.
+  Available options are `always` (the default), `when_changed` (if a variable
+  modified the task) and `once` (run only once no matter what).
+  This is a long time requested feature. Enjoy!
+  ([#53](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/53), [#359](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/359)).
+
+## v3.6.0 - 2021-07-10
+
+- Allow using both `sources:` and `status:` in the same task
+  ([#411](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/411), [#427](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/427), [#477](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/477)).
+- Small optimization and bug fix: don't compute variables if not needed for
+  `dotenv:` ([#517](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/517)).
+
+## v3.5.0 - 2021-07-04
+
+- Add support for interpolation in `dotenv:`
+  ([#433](https://github.com/go-task/task/discussions/433), [#434](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/434), [#453](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/453)).
+
+## v3.4.3 - 2021-05-30
+
+- Add support for the `NO_COLOR` environment variable.
+  ([#459](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/459), [fatih/color#137](https://github.com/fatih/color/pull/137)).
+- Fix bug where sources were not considering the right directory
+  in `--watch` mode
+  ([#484](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/484), [#485](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/485)).
+
+## v3.4.2 - 2021-04-23
+
+- On watch, report which file failed to read
+  ([#472](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/472)).
+- Do not try to catch SIGKILL signal, which are not actually possible
+  ([#476](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/476)).
+- Improve version reporting when building Task from source using Go Modules
+  ([#462](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/462), [#473](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/473)).
+
+## v3.4.1 - 2021-04-17
+
+- Improve error reporting when parsing YAML: in some situations where you
+  would just see an generic error, you'll now see the actual error with
+  more detail: the YAML line the failed to parse, for example
+  ([#467](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/467)).
+- A JSON Schema was published [here](https://json.schemastore.org/taskfile.json)
+  and is automatically being used by some editors like Visual Studio Code
+  ([#135](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/135)).
+- Print task name before the command in the log output
+  ([#398](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/398)).
+
+## v3.3.0 - 2021-03-20
+
+- Add support for delegating CLI arguments to commands with `--` and a
+  special `CLI_ARGS` variable
+  ([#327](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/327)).
+- Add a `--concurrency` (alias `-C`) flag, to limit the number of tasks that
+  run concurrently. This is useful for heavy workloads.
+  ([#345](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/345)).
+
+## v3.2.2 - 2021-01-12
 
 - Improve performance of `--list` and `--summary` by skipping running shell
   variables for these flags
@@ -13,14 +177,14 @@
 - The install script is now working for ARM platforms
   ([#428](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/428)).
 
-## v3.2.1
+## v3.2.1 - 2021-01-09
 
 - Fixed some bugs and regressions regarding dynamic variables and directories
   ([#426](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/426)).
 - The [slim-sprig](https://github.com/go-task/slim-sprig) package was updated
   with the upstream [sprig](https://github.com/Masterminds/sprig).
 
-## v3.2.0
+## v3.2.0 - 2021-01-07
 
 - Fix the `.task` directory being created in the task directory instead of the
   Taskfile directory
@@ -33,7 +197,7 @@
   should be more stable now
   ([#423](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/423), [#365](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/365)).
 
-## v3.1.0
+## v3.1.0 - 2021-01-03
 
 - Fix a bug when the checksum up-to-date resolution is used by a task
   with a custom `label:` attribute
@@ -49,7 +213,7 @@
   sentence was in the last line
   ([#403](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/403)).
 
-## v3.0.1
+## v3.0.1 - 2020-12-26
 
 - Allow use as a library by moving the required packages out of the `internal`
   directory
@@ -59,7 +223,7 @@
 - Fix panic when you have empty tasks in your Taskfile
   ([#338](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/338), [#362](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/362)).
 
-## v3.0.0
+## v3.0.0 - 2020-08-16
 
 - On `v3`, all CLI variables will be considered global variables
   ([#336](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/336), [#341](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/341))
@@ -102,7 +266,7 @@
   commands are green, errors are red, etc
   ([#207](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/207)).
 
-## v2.8.1 - 2019-05-20
+## v2.8.1 - 2020-05-20
 
 - Fix error code for the `--help` flag
   ([#300](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues/300), [#330](https://github.com/go-task/task/pull/330)).

Taskfile.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ vars:
   GO_PACKAGES:
     sh: go list ./...
 
+env:
+  CGO_ENABLED: '0'
+
 tasks:
   default:
     cmds:
@@ -21,8 +24,6 @@ tasks:
     desc: Installs Task
     cmds:
       - go install -v -ldflags="-w -s -X main.version={{.GIT_COMMIT}}" ./cmd/task
-    env:
-      CGO_ENABLED: '0'
 
   mod:
     desc: Downloads and tidy Go modules

args/args.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 // ParseV3 parses command line argument: tasks and global variables
 func ParseV3(args ...string) ([]taskfile.Call, *taskfile.Vars) {
 	var calls []taskfile.Call
-	var globals *taskfile.Vars
+	var globals = &taskfile.Vars{}
 
 	for _, arg := range args {
 		if !strings.Contains(arg, "=") {
@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ func ParseV3(args ...string) ([]taskfile.Call, *taskfile.Vars) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if globals == nil {
-			globals = &taskfile.Vars{}
-		}
 		name, value := splitVar(arg)
 		globals.Set(name, taskfile.Var{Static: value})
 	}
@@ -34,7 +31,7 @@ func ParseV3(args ...string) ([]taskfile.Call, *taskfile.Vars) {
 // ParseV2 parses command line argument: tasks and vars of each task
 func ParseV2(args ...string) ([]taskfile.Call, *taskfile.Vars) {
 	var calls []taskfile.Call
-	var globals *taskfile.Vars
+	var globals = &taskfile.Vars{}
 
 	for _, arg := range args {
 		if !strings.Contains(arg, "=") {
@@ -43,9 +40,6 @@ func ParseV2(args ...string) ([]taskfile.Call, *taskfile.Vars) {
 		}
 
 		if len(calls) < 1 {
-			if globals == nil {
-				globals = &taskfile.Vars{}
-			}
 			name, value := splitVar(arg)
 			globals.Set(name, taskfile.Var{Static: value})
 		} else {

args/args_test.go

@@ -96,7 +96,9 @@ func TestArgsV3(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("TestArgs%d", i+1), func(t *testing.T) {
 			calls, globals := args.ParseV3(test.Args...)
 			assert.Equal(t, test.ExpectedCalls, calls)
-			assert.Equal(t, test.ExpectedGlobals, globals)
+			if test.ExpectedGlobals.Len() > 0 || globals.Len() > 0 {
+				assert.Equal(t, test.ExpectedGlobals, globals)
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -198,7 +200,10 @@ func TestArgsV2(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("TestArgs%d", i+1), func(t *testing.T) {
 			calls, globals := args.ParseV2(test.Args...)
 			assert.Equal(t, test.ExpectedCalls, calls)
-			assert.Equal(t, test.ExpectedGlobals, globals)
+			if test.ExpectedGlobals.Len() > 0 || globals.Len() > 0 {
+				assert.Equal(t, test.ExpectedGlobals, globals)
+			}
+
 		})
 	}
 }

cmd/task/task.go

@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+	"mvdan.cc/sh/v3/syntax"
 
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3"
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/args"
@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	version = "master"
+	version = ""
 )
 
 const usage = `Usage: task [-ilfwvsd] [--init] [--list] [--force] [--watch] [--verbose] [--silent] [--dir] [--taskfile] [--dry] [--summary] [task...]
@@ -57,6 +60,7 @@ func main() {
 		helpFlag    bool
 		init        bool
 		list        bool
+		listAll     bool
 		status      bool
 		force       bool
 		watch       bool
@@ -65,16 +69,18 @@ func main() {
 		dry         bool
 		summary     bool
 		parallel    bool
+		concurrency int
 		dir         string
 		entrypoint  string
-		output      string
+		output      taskfile.Output
 		color       bool
 	)
 
 	pflag.BoolVar(&versionFlag, "version", false, "show Task version")
 	pflag.BoolVarP(&helpFlag, "help", "h", false, "shows Task usage")
-	pflag.BoolVarP(&init, "init", "i", false, "creates a new Taskfile.yml in the current folder")
+	pflag.BoolVarP(&init, "init", "i", false, "creates a new Taskfile.yaml in the current folder")
 	pflag.BoolVarP(&list, "list", "l", false, "lists tasks with description of current Taskfile")
+	pflag.BoolVarP(&listAll, "list-all", "a", false, "lists tasks with or without a description")
 	pflag.BoolVar(&status, "status", false, "exits with non-zero exit code if any of the given tasks is not up-to-date")
 	pflag.BoolVarP(&force, "force", "f", false, "forces execution even when the task is up-to-date")
 	pflag.BoolVarP(&watch, "watch", "w", false, "enables watch of the given task")
@@ -85,12 +91,15 @@ func main() {
 	pflag.BoolVar(&summary, "summary", false, "show summary about a task")
 	pflag.StringVarP(&dir, "dir", "d", "", "sets directory of execution")
 	pflag.StringVarP(&entrypoint, "taskfile", "t", "", `choose which Taskfile to run. Defaults to "Taskfile.yml"`)
-	pflag.StringVarP(&output, "output", "o", "", "sets output style: [interleaved|group|prefixed]")
-	pflag.BoolVarP(&color, "color", "c", true, "colored output")
+	pflag.StringVarP(&output.Name, "output", "o", "", "sets output style: [interleaved|group|prefixed]")
+	pflag.StringVar(&output.Group.Begin, "output-group-begin", "", "message template to print before a task's grouped output")
+	pflag.StringVar(&output.Group.End, "output-group-end", "", "message template to print after a task's grouped output")
+	pflag.BoolVarP(&color, "color", "c", true, "colored output. Enabled by default. Set flag to false or use NO_COLOR=1 to disable")
+	pflag.IntVarP(&concurrency, "concurrency", "C", 0, "limit number tasks to run concurrently")
 	pflag.Parse()
 
 	if versionFlag {
-		fmt.Printf("Task version: %s\n", version)
+		fmt.Printf("Task version: %s\n", getVersion())
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -117,21 +126,31 @@ func main() {
 	if entrypoint != "" {
 		dir = filepath.Dir(entrypoint)
 		entrypoint = filepath.Base(entrypoint)
-	} else {
-		entrypoint = "Taskfile.yml"
+	}
+
+	if output.Name != "group" {
+		if output.Group.Begin != "" {
+			log.Fatal("task: You can't set --output-group-begin without --output=group")
+			return
+		}
+		if output.Group.End != "" {
+			log.Fatal("task: You can't set --output-group-end without --output=group")
+			return
+		}
 	}
 
 	e := task.Executor{
-		Force:      force,
-		Watch:      watch,
-		Verbose:    verbose,
-		Silent:     silent,
-		Dir:        dir,
-		Dry:        dry,
-		Entrypoint: entrypoint,
-		Summary:    summary,
-		Parallel:   parallel,
-		Color:      color,
+		Force:       force,
+		Watch:       watch,
+		Verbose:     verbose,
+		Silent:      silent,
+		Dir:         dir,
+		Dry:         dry,
+		Entrypoint:  entrypoint,
+		Summary:     summary,
+		Parallel:    parallel,
+		Color:       color,
+		Concurrency: concurrency,
 
 		Stdin:  os.Stdin,
 		Stdout: os.Stdout,
@@ -139,6 +158,12 @@ func main() {
 
 		OutputStyle: output,
 	}
+
+	if (list || listAll) && silent {
+		e.ListTaskNames(listAll)
+		return
+	}
+
 	if err := e.Setup(); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -149,7 +174,12 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	if list {
-		e.PrintTasksHelp()
+		e.ListTasksWithDesc()
+		return
+	}
+
+	if listAll {
+		e.ListAllTasks()
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -157,11 +187,19 @@ func main() {
 		calls   []taskfile.Call
 		globals *taskfile.Vars
 	)
-	if v >= 3.0 {
-		calls, globals = args.ParseV3(pflag.Args()...)
-	} else {
-		calls, globals = args.ParseV2(pflag.Args()...)
+
+	tasksAndVars, cliArgs, err := getArgs()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
+
+	if v >= 3.0 {
+		calls, globals = args.ParseV3(tasksAndVars...)
+	} else {
+		calls, globals = args.ParseV2(tasksAndVars...)
+	}
+
+	globals.Set("CLI_ARGS", taskfile.Var{Static: cliArgs})
 	e.Taskfile.Vars.Merge(globals)
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
@@ -182,9 +220,30 @@ func main() {
 	}
 }
 
+func getArgs() ([]string, string, error) {
+	var (
+		args          = pflag.Args()
+		doubleDashPos = pflag.CommandLine.ArgsLenAtDash()
+	)
+
+	if doubleDashPos == -1 {
+		return args, "", nil
+	}
+
+	var quotedCliArgs []string
+	for _, arg := range args[doubleDashPos:] {
+		quotedCliArg, err := syntax.Quote(arg, syntax.LangBash)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, "", err
+		}
+		quotedCliArgs = append(quotedCliArgs, quotedCliArg)
+	}
+	return args[:doubleDashPos], strings.Join(quotedCliArgs, " "), nil
+}
+
 func getSignalContext() context.Context {
 	ch := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	signal.Notify(ch, os.Interrupt, os.Kill, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	signal.Notify(ch, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	go func() {
 		sig := <-ch
@@ -193,3 +252,21 @@ func getSignalContext() context.Context {
 	}()
 	return ctx
 }
+
+func getVersion() string {
+	if version != "" {
+		return version
+	}
+
+	info, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo()
+	if !ok || info.Main.Version == "" {
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+
+	version = info.Main.Version
+	if info.Main.Sum != "" {
+		version += fmt.Sprintf(" (%s)", info.Main.Sum)
+	}
+
+	return version
+}

completion/bash/task.bash

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
+# /bin/bash
+
 _task_completion()
 {
-  local scripts;
-  local curr_arg;
+  local cur
+  _get_comp_words_by_ref -n : cur
 
-  # Remove colon from word breaks
-  COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
+  case "$cur" in
+  --*)
+    local options="$(_parse_help task)"
+    COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$options" -- "$cur") )
+    ;;
+  *)
+    local tasks="$(task --list-all | awk 'NR>1 { sub(/:$/,"",$2); print $2 }')"
+    COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$tasks" -- "$cur") )
+    ;;
+  esac
 
-  scripts=$(task -l | sed '1d' | awk '{ print $2 }' | sed 's/:$//');
-
-  curr_arg="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]:-"."}"
-
-  # Do not accept more than 1 argument
-  if [ "${#COMP_WORDS[@]}" != "2" ]; then
-    return
-  fi
-
-  COMPREPLY=($(compgen -c | echo "$scripts" | grep $curr_arg));
+  __ltrim_colon_completions "$cur"
 }
 
 complete -F _task_completion task

completion/fish/task.fish

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 function __task_get_tasks --description "Prints all available tasks with their description"
-	task -l | sed '1d' | awk '{ $1=""; print $0 }' | tr ': ', '\t' | string trim
+  set -l output (task -l 2>&1 < /dev/null | sed '1d' | awk '{ $1=""; print $0 }' | sed 's/:\ /\t/g' | string trim | string split0)
+  if test $output
+      echo $output
+  end
 end
 
 complete -c task -d 'Runs the specified task(s). Falls back to the "default" task if no task name was specified, or lists all tasks if an unknown task name was 

completion/zsh/_task

@@ -1,25 +1,60 @@
 #compdef task
 
-# Listing commands from Taskfile.yml
-function __list() {
-    local -a scripts
+local context state state_descr line
+typeset -A opt_args
 
-    if [ -f Taskfile.yml ]; then
-        scripts=($(task -l | sed '1d' | sed 's/^\* //' | awk '{ print $1 }' | sed 's/:$//' | sed 's/:/\\:/g'))
-        _describe 'script' scripts
+# Listing commands from Taskfile.yml
+function __task_list() {
+    local -a scripts cmd
+    local -i enabled=0
+    local taskfile item task desc
+
+    cmd=(task)
+    taskfile="${(v)opt_args[(i)-t|--taskfile]}"
+
+    if [[ -n "$taskfile" && -f "$taskfile" ]]; then
+        enabled=1
+        cmd+=(--taskfile "$taskfile")
+    else
+        for taskfile in Taskfile{,.dist}.{yaml,yml}; do
+            if [[ -f "$taskfile" ]]; then
+                enabled=1
+                break
+            fi
+        done
     fi
+
+    (( enabled )) || return 0
+
+    scripts=()
+    for item in "${(@)${(f)$("${cmd[@]}" --list)}[2,-1]#\* }"; do
+        task="${item%%:[[:space:]]*}"
+        desc="${item##[^[:space:]]##[[:space:]]##}"
+        scripts+=( "${task//:/\\:}:$desc" )
+    done
+    _describe 'Task to run' scripts
 }
 
 _arguments \
-    '(-d --dir)'{-d,--dir}': :_files' \
-    '(--dry)'--dry \
-    '(-f --force)'{-f,--force} \
-    '(-i --init)'{-i,--init} \
-    '(-l --list)'{-l,--list} \
-    '(-s --silent)'{-s,--silent} \
-    '(--status)'--status \
-    '(-v --verbose)'{-v,--verbose} \
-    '(--version)'--version \
-    '(-w --watch)'{-w,--watch} \
-    '(- *)'{-h,--help} \
-    '*: :__list' \
+    '(-C --concurrency)'{-C,--concurrency}'[limit number of concurrent tasks]: ' \
+    '(-p --parallel)'{-p,--parallel}'[run command-line tasks in parallel]' \
+    '(-f --force)'{-f,--force}'[run even if task is up-to-date]' \
+    '(-c --color)'{-c,--color}'[colored output]' \
+    '(-d --dir)'{-d,--dir}'[dir to run in]:execution dir:_dirs' \
+    '(--dry)--dry[dry-run mode, compile and print tasks only]' \
+    '(-o --output)'{-o,--output}'[set output style]:style:(interleaved group prefixed)' \
+    '(--output-group-begin)--output-group-begin[message template before grouped output]:template text: ' \
+    '(--output-group-end)--output-group-end[message template after grouped output]:template text: ' \
+    '(-s --silent)'{-s,--silent}'[disable echoing]' \
+    '(--status)--status[exit non-zero if supplied tasks not up-to-date]' \
+    '(--summary)--summary[show summary\: field from tasks instead of running them]' \
+    '(-t --taskfile)'{-t,--taskfile}'[specify a different taskfile]:taskfile:_files' \
+    '(-v --verbose)'{-v,--verbose}'[verbose mode]' \
+    '(-w --watch)'{-w,--watch}'[watch-mode for given tasks, re-run when inputs change]' \
+    + '(operation)' \
+        {-l,--list}'[list describable tasks]' \
+        {-a,--list-all}'[list all tasks]' \
+        {-i,--init}'[create new Taskfile.yaml]' \
+        '(-*)'{-h,--help}'[show help]' \
+        '(-*)--version[show version and exit]' \
+        '*: :__task_list'

concurrency.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package task
+
+func (e *Executor) acquireConcurrencyLimit() func() {
+	if e.concurrencySemaphore == nil {
+		return emptyFunc
+	}
+
+	e.concurrencySemaphore <- struct{}{}
+	return func() {
+		<-e.concurrencySemaphore
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *Executor) releaseConcurrencyLimit() func() {
+	if e.concurrencySemaphore == nil {
+		return emptyFunc
+	}
+
+	<-e.concurrencySemaphore
+	return func() {
+		e.concurrencySemaphore <- struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+func emptyFunc() {}

docs/Logo.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="500" zoomAndPan="magnify" viewBox="0 0 375 374.999991" height="500" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" version="1.0"><path fill="#29beb0" d="M 187.570312 219.394531 L 187.570312 190.933594 L 30.070312 190.933594 L 30.070312 279.535156 L 187.570312 279.535156 L 187.570312 219.394531 M 30.070312 279.535156 L 187.570312 375 L 187.570312 279.535156 L 30.070312 279.535156 M 30.070312 95.464844 L 187.570312 95.464844 L 187.570312 190.933594 L 30.070312 190.933594 L 30.070312 95.464844 " fill-opacity="1" fill-rule="nonzero"/><path fill="#69d2c8" d="M 187.570312 190.933594 L 187.570312 279.535156 L 345.070312 279.535156 L 345.070312 190.933594 L 187.570312 190.933594 M 187.570312 95.464844 L 345.070312 95.464844 L 345.070312 190.933594 L 187.570312 190.933594 L 187.570312 95.464844 M 187.570312 375 L 345.070312 279.535156 L 187.570312 279.535156 L 187.570312 375 " fill-opacity="1" fill-rule="nonzero"/><path fill="#94dfd8" d="M 187.570312 190.933594 L 30.070312 95.464844 L 187.570312 0 L 345.070312 95.464844 L 187.570312 190.933594 " fill-opacity="1" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg>

docs/README.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ tasks:
     silent: true
 ```
 
-And call it by running `task hello` from you terminal.
+And call it by running `task hello` from your terminal.
 
 The above example is just the start, you can take a look at the [usage](usage.md)
 guide to check the full schema documentation and Task features.

docs/_sidebar.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 - [Usage](usage.md)
 - [Styleguide](styleguide.md)
 - [Taskfile Versions](taskfile_versions.md)
-- [Examples](examples.md)
+- [Community](community.md)
 - [Releasing Task](releasing_task.md)
 - [Donate](donate.md)
-- [![GitHub](https://icongram.jgog.in/simple/github.svg?color=808080&size=16)GitHub](https://github.com/go-task/task)
+- [GitHub](https://github.com/go-task/task)

docs/community.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# Community
+
+Some of the work to improve the Task ecosystem is done by the community, be
+it installation methods or integrations with code editor. I (the author) am
+thankful for everyone that helps me to improve the overall experience.
+
+## Editor Integrations
+
+### JSON Schema
+
+[@KROSF](https://github.com/KROSF) worked on a JSON Schema [into this Gist](https://gist.github.com/KROSF/c5435acf590acd632f71bb720f685895),
+which later was made officially available by [@Crandel](https://github.com/Crandel)
+at [https://json.schemastore.org/taskfile.json](https://json.schemastore.org/taskfile.json).
+Further improvements are possible by opening pull requests changing
+[this file](https://github.com/SchemaStore/schemastore/blob/master/src/schemas/json/taskfile.json).
+Some code editors, like Visual Studio Code, make use of Schema Store
+automatically.
+
+### Visual Studio Code extension
+
+Additionally, there's also some work done by
+[@paulvarache](https://github.com/paulvarache) in making an Visual Studio Code
+extension, which has its code [here](https://github.com/paulvarache/vscode-taskfile)
+and is published [here](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=paulvarache.vscode-taskfile).
+
+### Sublime Text 4 package
+
+There is a convenience wrapper for initializing and running tasks from Sublime Text's command palette. The package is 
+developed by [@biozz](https://github.com/biozz), the source code is available [here](https://github.com/biozz/sublime-taskfile)
+and it is published on Package Control [here](https://packagecontrol.io/packages/Taskfile).
+
+### IntelliJ plugin
+
+There's a JetBrains IntelliJ plugin done by
+[@lechuckroh](https://github.com/lechuckroh), which has its code [here](https://github.com/lechuckroh/task-intellij-plugin)
+and is published [here](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/17058-taskfile).
+
+## Installation methods
+
+Some installation methods are maintained by third party:
+
+- [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/arduino/setup-task)
+  by [@arduino](https://github.com/arduino)
+- [AUR](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/taskfile-git)
+  by [@kovetskiy](https://github.com/kovetskiy)
+- [Scoop](https://github.com/lukesampson/scoop-extras/blob/master/bucket/task.json)
+
+## More
+
+Also, thanks for all the [code contributors](https://github.com/go-task/task/graphs/contributors),
+[financial contributors](https://opencollective.com/task), all those who
+[reported bugs](https://github.com/go-task/task/issues?q=is%3Aissue) and
+[answered questions](https://github.com/go-task/task/discussions).
+
+If you know something that is missing in this document, please submit a
+pull request.

docs/donate.md

@@ -14,22 +14,14 @@ these options to donate:
 - [$2 per month](https://opencollective.com/task/contribute/backer-4034/checkout)
 - [$5 per month](https://opencollective.com/task/contribute/supporter-8404/checkout)
 - [$20 per month](https://opencollective.com/task/contribute/sponsor-4035/checkout)
+- [$50 per month](https://opencollective.com/task/contribute/sponsor-28775/checkout)
 - [Custom value - One-time donation option supported](https://opencollective.com/task/donate)
 
-## Patreon
-
-I'm also on [Patreon](https://www.patreon.com/andreynering) if
-you prefer:
-
-- [$5 per month](https://www.patreon.com/join/andreynering/checkout?rid=4229277)
-- [$10 per month](https://www.patreon.com/join/andreynering/checkout?rid=4229276)
-- [$15 per month](https://www.patreon.com/join/andreynering/checkout?rid=4229275)
-
-You can choose a custom value on any of the links above.
-
-Patreon does not support one-time donation. As a workaround you can fire a
-subscription and cancel it once the donation was succeded.
-
 ## PayPal
 
-- [Any value - One-time donation](https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=GSVDU63RKG45A&currency_code=BRL&source=url)
+- [Any value - One-time donation](https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=GSVDU63RKG45A&currency_code=USD&source=url)
+
+## PIX (Brazil only)
+
+If you're Brazilian, you can donate any value by
+<a href="/pix.png" target="_blank">using this QR Code</a>.

docs/examples.md

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-# Examples
-
-The [go-task/examples][examples] intends to be a collection of Taskfiles for
-various use cases.
-(It still lacks many examples, though. Contributions are welcome).
-
-[examples]: https://github.com/go-task/examples

docs/index.html

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
     <meta name="description" content="A task runner / simpler Make alternative written in Go">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
-    <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify-themeable/dist/css/theme-simple.css">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify-themeable@0/dist/css/theme-simple.css">
     <meta name="google-site-verification" content="VGAYkbdmuaciIDGkBe-eAg9yfZg0C6ostgonbGxxOa0" />
     <style>
       #logo {
@@ -20,7 +20,20 @@
       .app-name-link img {
         width: 125px;
       }
+      :root {
+        --base-font-size: 14px;
+        --theme-color: #29beb0;
+      }
     </style>
+
+    <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4RT25NXQ7N"></script>
+    <script>
+      window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
+      function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
+      gtag('js', new Date());
+
+      gtag('config', 'G-4RT25NXQ7N');
+    </script>
   </head>
   <body>
     <div id="app"></div>
@@ -39,6 +52,7 @@
     <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify/lib/docsify.min.js"></script>
     <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify-themeable/dist/js/docsify-themeable.min.js"></script>
     <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify-tabs"></script>
+    <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify/lib/plugins/search.min.js"></script>
     <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/prismjs/components/prism-bash.min.js"></script>
     <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/prismjs/components/prism-yaml.min.js"></script>
   </body>

docs/installation.md

@@ -25,6 +25,18 @@ right:
 sudo snap install task --classic
 ```
 
+#### **Chocolatey**
+
+If you're on Windows and have [Chocolatey][choco] installed, getting
+Task is as simple as running:
+
+```bash
+choco install go-task
+```
+
+This installation method is community owned.
+
+
 #### **Scoop**
 
 If you're on Windows and have [Scoop][scoop] installed, use `extras` bucket
@@ -51,6 +63,19 @@ yay -S taskfile-git
 This installation method is community owned, but since it's `-git` version of
 the package, it's always latest available version based on the Git repository.
 
+
+#### **Nix**
+
+If you're on NixOS or have Nix installed
+you can install Task from [nixpkgs](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs):
+
+```cmd
+nix-env -iA nixpkgs.go-task
+```
+
+This installation method is community owned. After a new release of Task, it
+may take some time until it's available in [nixpkgs](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs).
+
 <!-- tabs:end -->
 
 ## Get The Binary
@@ -68,12 +93,12 @@ The `task_checksums.txt` file contains the SHA-256 checksum for each file.
 
 #### **Install Script**
 
-We also have a [install script][installscript], which is very useful on
-scenarios like CIs. Many thanks to [GoDownloader][godownloader] for allowing
-easily generating this script.
+We also have an [install script][installscript] which is very useful in
+scenarios like CI. Many thanks to [GoDownloader][godownloader] for enabling the
+easy generation of this script.
 
 ```bash
-# For Default Installion to ./bin with debug logging
+# For Default Installation to ./bin with debug logging
 sh -c "$(curl --location https://taskfile.dev/install.sh)" -- -d
 
 # For Installation To /usr/local/bin for userwide access with debug logging
@@ -87,12 +112,12 @@ sh -c "$(curl --location https://taskfile.dev/install.sh)" -- -d -b /usr/local/b
 #### **GitHub Actions**
 
 If you want to install Task in GitHub Actions you can try using
-[this action](https://github.com/arduino/actions/tree/master/setup-taskfile)
+[this action](https://github.com/arduino/setup-task)
 by the Arduino team:
 
 ```yaml
 - name: Install Task
-  uses: Arduino/actions/setup-taskfile@master
+  uses: arduino/setup-task@v1
 ```
 
 This installation method is community owned.
@@ -107,29 +132,27 @@ This installation method is community owned.
 
 First, make sure you have [Go][go] properly installed and setup.
 
-You can easily install it globally by running:
+You can easily install the latest release globally by running:
 
 ```bash
-go get -u github.com/go-task/task/v3/cmd/task
+go install github.com/go-task/task/v3/cmd/task@latest
 ```
 
 Or you can install into another directory:
 
 ```bash
-git clone https://github.com/go-task/task
-cd task
+env GOBIN=/bin go install github.com/go-task/task/v3/cmd/task@latest
+```
 
-# Compiling binary to $GOPATH/bin
-go install -v ./cmd/task
+If using Go 1.15 or earlier, instead use:
 
-# Compiling it to another location.
-# Use -o ./task.exe on Windows.
-go build -v -o ./task ./cmd/task
+```bash
+env GO111MODULE=on go get -u github.com/go-task/task/v3/cmd/task@latest
 ```
 
 > For CI environments we recommend using the [Install Script](#get-the-binary)
 > instead, which is faster and more stable, since it'll just download the latest
-> released binary, instead of compiling the edge (master branch) version.
+> released binary.
 
 <!-- tabs:end -->
 
@@ -139,4 +162,5 @@ go build -v -o ./task ./cmd/task
 [installscript]: https://github.com/go-task/task/blob/master/install-task.sh
 [releases]: https://github.com/go-task/task/releases
 [godownloader]: https://github.com/goreleaser/godownloader
+[choco]: https://chocolatey.org/
 [scoop]: https://scoop.sh/

docs/releasing_task.md

@@ -31,9 +31,16 @@ of updating versions there by editing
 [this file](https://github.com/lukesampson/scoop-extras/blob/master/bucket/task.json).
 If you think its Task version is outdated, open an issue to let us know.
 
+# Nix
+
+Nix is a community owned installation method. Nix package maintainers usually take care
+of updating versions there by editing
+[this file](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/nixos-unstable/pkgs/development/tools/go-task/default.nix).
+If you think its Task version is outdated, open an issue to let us know.
+
 [goreleaser]: https://goreleaser.com/#continuous_integration
 [homebrewtap]: https://github.com/go-task/homebrew-tap
 [gotaskrb]: https://github.com/go-task/homebrew-tap/blob/master/Formula/go-task.rb
 [snappackage]: https://github.com/go-task/snap
 [snapcraftyaml]: https://github.com/go-task/snap/blob/master/snap/snapcraft.yaml#L2
-[snapcraftdashboard]: https://dashboard.snapcraft.io/
+[snapcraftdashboard]: https://snapcraft.io/task/releases

docs/styleguide.md

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ This is the official Task styleguide for `Taskfile.yml` files. This guide
 contains some basic instructions to keep your Taskfile clean and familiar to
 other users.
 
-This contains general guidelines, but don't necessarely need to be strictly
-followed. Feel free to disagree and proceed differently in some point if you
+This contains general guidelines, but they don't necessarily need to be strictly
+followed. Feel free to disagree and proceed differently at some point if you
 need or want to. Also, feel free to open issues or pull requests with
 improvements to this guide.
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ officially supported. On Linux, only `Taskfile.yml` will work, though.
 
 - `version:`
 - `includes:`
-- Configuration ones, like `output:`, `expansions:` or `silent:`
+- Configuration ones, like `output:` or `silent:`
 - `vars:`
 - `env:`
 - `tasks:`
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ version: '3'
 includes:
   docker: ./docker/Taskfile.yml
 output: prefixed
-expansions: 3
 vars:
   FOO: bar
 env:
@@ -76,7 +75,6 @@ includes:
   docker: ./docker/Taskfile.yml
 
 output: prefixed
-expansions: 3
 
 vars:
   FOO: bar

docs/usage.md

@@ -33,6 +33,20 @@ executable called must be available by the OS or in PATH.
 
 If you omit a task name, "default" will be assumed.
 
+## Supported file names
+
+Task will look for the following file names, in order of priority:
+
+- Taskfile.yml
+- Taskfile.yaml
+- Taskfile.dist.yml
+- Taskfile.dist.yaml
+
+The intention of having the `.dist` variants is to allow projects to have one
+committed version (`.dist`) while still allowing individual users to override
+the Taskfile by adding an additional `Taskfile.yml` (which would be on
+`.gitignore`).
+
 ## Environment variables
 
 ### Task
@@ -78,18 +92,25 @@ setting:
 KEYNAME=VALUE
 ```
 
+```
+# testing/.env
+ENDPOINT=testing.com
+```
 
 ```yaml
 # Taskfile.yml
 
 version: '3'
 
-dotenv: ['.env']
+env:
+  ENV: testing
+
+dotenv: ['.env', '{{.ENV}}/.env.', '{{.HOME}}/.env']
 
 tasks:
   greet:
     cmds:
-      - echo "Using $KEYNAME"
+      - echo "Using $KEYNAME and endpoint $ENDPOINT"
 ```
 
 ## Including other Taskfiles
@@ -143,9 +164,49 @@ includes:
 > The included Taskfiles must be using the same schema version the main
 > Taskfile uses.
 
-> Also, for now included Taskfiles can't include other Taskfiles.
-> This was a deliberate decision to keep use and implementation simple.
-> If you disagree, open an GitHub issue and explain your use case. =)
+### Optional includes
+
+Includes marked as optional will allow Task to continue execution as normal if
+the included file is missing.
+
+```yaml
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  tests:
+    taskfile: ./tests/Taskfile.yml
+    optional: true
+
+tasks:
+  greet:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "This command can still be successfully executed if ./tests/Taskfile.yml does not exist"
+```
+
+### Vars of included Taskfiles
+
+You can also specify variables when including a Taskfile. This may be useful
+for having reusable Taskfile that can be tweaked or even included more than once:
+
+```yaml
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  backend:
+    taskfile: ./taskfiles/Docker.yml
+    vars:
+      DOCKER_IMAGE: backend_image
+
+  frontend:
+    taskfile: ./taskfiles/Docker.yml
+    vars:
+      DOCKER_IMAGE: frontend_image
+```
+
+> NOTE: Vars declared in the included Taskfile have preference over the
+included ones! If you want a variable in an included Taskfile to be overridable
+use the [default function](https://go-task.github.io/slim-sprig/defaults.html):
+`MY_VAR: '{{.MY_VAR | default "my-default-value"}}'`.
 
 ## Task directory
 
@@ -446,6 +507,47 @@ tasks:
       - echo "I will not run"
 ```
 
+### Limiting when tasks run
+
+If a task executed by multiple `cmds` or multiple `deps` you can control
+when it is executed using `run`. `run` can also be set at the root
+of the Taskfile to change the behavior of all the tasks unless explicitly
+overridden.
+
+Supported values for `run`:
+
+ * `always` (default) always attempt to invoke the task regardless of the
+  number of previous executions
+ * `once` only invoke this task once regardless of the number of references
+ * `when_changed` only invokes the task once for each unique set of variables
+  passed into the task
+
+```yaml
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - task: generate-file
+        vars: { CONTENT: '1' }
+      - task: generate-file
+        vars: { CONTENT: '2' }
+      - task: generate-file
+        vars: { CONTENT: '2' }
+
+  generate-file:
+    run: when_changed
+    deps:
+      - install-deps
+    cmds:
+      - echo {{.CONTENT}}
+
+  install-deps:
+    run: once
+    cmds:
+      - sleep 5 # long operation like installing packages
+```
+
 ## Variables
 
 When doing interpolation of variables, Task will look for the below.
@@ -454,6 +556,8 @@ They are listed below in order of importance (e.g. most important first):
 - Variables declared in the task definition
 - Variables given while calling a task from another
   (See [Calling another task](#calling-another-task) above)
+- Variables of the [included Taskfile](#including-other-taskfiles) (when the task is included)
+- Variables of the [inclusion of the Taskfile](#vars-of-included-taskfiles) (when the task is included)
 - Global variables (those declared in the `vars:` option in the Taskfile)
 - Environment variables
 
@@ -520,6 +624,66 @@ tasks:
 
 This works for all types of variables.
 
+## Forwarding CLI arguments to commands
+
+If `--` is given in the CLI, all following parameters are added to a
+special `.CLI_ARGS` variable. This is useful to forward arguments to another
+command.
+
+The below example will run `yarn install`.
+
+```bash
+$ task yarn -- install
+```
+
+```yaml
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  yarn:
+    cmds:
+      - yarn {{.CLI_ARGS}}
+```
+
+## Doing task cleanup with `defer`
+
+With the `defer` keyword, it's possible to schedule cleanup to be run once
+the task finishes. The difference with just putting it as the last command is
+that this command will run even when the task fails.
+
+In the example below `rm -rf tmpdir/` will run even if the third command fails:
+
+```yaml
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - mkdir -p tmpdir/
+      - defer: rm -rf tmpdir/
+      - echo 'Do work on tmpdir/'
+```
+
+If you want to move the cleanup command into another task, that's possible as
+well:
+
+```yaml
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - mkdir -p tmpdir/
+      - defer: { task: cleanup }
+      - echo 'Do work on tmpdir/'
+
+  cleanup: rm -rf tmpdir/
+```
+
+> NOTE: Due to the nature of how the
+[Go's own `defer` work](https://go.dev/tour/flowcontrol/13), the deferred
+commands are executed in the reverse order if you schedule multiple of them.
+
 ## Go's template engine
 
 Task parse commands as [Go's template engine][gotemplate] before executing
@@ -548,9 +712,12 @@ Task also adds the following functions:
 - `toSlash`: Does nothing on Unix, but on Windows converts a string from `\`
   path format to `/`.
 - `fromSlash`: Opposite of `toSlash`. Does nothing on Unix, but on Windows
-  converts a string from `\` path format to `/`.
+  converts a string from `/` path format to `\`.
 - `exeExt`: Returns the right executable extension for the current OS
   (`".exe"` for Windows, `""` for others).
+- `shellQuote`: Quotes a string to make it safe for use in shell scripts.
+  Task uses [this Go function](https://pkg.go.dev/mvdan.cc/sh/v3@v3.4.0/syntax#Quote)
+  for this. The Bash dialect is assumed.
 
 Example:
 
@@ -612,6 +779,8 @@ would print the following output:
 * test:    Run all the go tests.
 ```
 
+If you want to see all tasks, there's a `--list-all` (alias `-a`) flag as well.
+
 ## Display summary of task
 
 Running `task --summary task-name` will show a summary of a task.
@@ -827,6 +996,34 @@ tasks:
  finishes, so you won't have live feedback for commands that take a long time
  to run.
 
+When using the `group` output, you can optionally provide a templated message
+to print at the start and end of the group. This can be useful for instructing
+CI systems to group all of the output for a given task, such as with
+[GitHub Actions' `::group::` command](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#grouping-log-lines)
+or [Azure Pipelines](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/scripts/logging-commands?expand=1&view=azure-devops&tabs=bash#formatting-commands).
+
+```yaml
+version: '3'
+
+output:
+  group:
+    begin: '::begin::{{.TASK}}'
+    end: '::endgroup::'
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - echo 'Hello, World!'
+    silent: true
+```
+
+```bash
+$ task default
+::begin::default
+Hello, World!
+::endgroup::
+```
+
  The `prefix` output will prefix every line printed by a command with
  `[task-name] ` as the prefix, but you can customize the prefix for a command
  with the `prefix:` attribute:
@@ -862,6 +1059,28 @@ $ task default
 
 > The `output` option can also be specified by the `--output` or `-o` flags.
 
+## Interactive CLI application
+
+When running interactive CLI applications inside Task they can sometimes behave
+weirdly, specially when the [output mode](#output-syntax) is set to something
+other than `interleaved` (the default), or when interactive apps are ran in
+parallel with other tasks.
+
+The `interactive: true` tells Task this is an interactive application, and Task
+will try to optimize for it:
+
+```yaml
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  cmds:
+    - vim my-file.txt
+  interactive: true
+```
+
+If you still have problem running an interactive app through Task, please open
+an issue about it.
+
 ## Short task syntax
 
 Starting on Task v3, you can now write tasks with a shorter syntax if they

go.mod

@@ -1,17 +1,26 @@
 module github.com/go-task/task/v3
 
 require (
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.7.0
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig v0.0.0-20210107165309-348f09dbbbc0
-	github.com/joho/godotenv v1.3.0
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.2 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-zglob v0.0.1
-	github.com/radovskyb/watcher v1.0.5
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.3
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9
+	github.com/joho/godotenv v1.4.0
+	github.com/mattn/go-zglob v0.0.3
+	github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure/v2 v2.0.2
+	github.com/radovskyb/watcher v1.0.7
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c
-	mvdan.cc/sh/v3 v3.2.1
+	mvdan.cc/sh/v3 v3.4.3
 )
 
-go 1.13
+require (
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.9 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210925032602-92d5a993a665 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210916214954-140adaaadfaf // indirect
+)
+
+go 1.17

go.sum

@@ -1,62 +1,72 @@
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+github.com/creack/pty v1.1.15 h1:cKRCLMj3Ddm54bKSpemfQ8AtYFBhAI2MPmdys22fBdc=
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+github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0 h1:8LOYc1KYPPmyKMuN8QV2DNRWNbLo6LZ0iLs8+mlH53w=
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 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0 h1:2E4SXV/wtOkTonXsotYi4li6zVWxYlZuYNCXe9XRJyk=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0/go.mod h1:j7eGeouHqKxXV5pUuKE4zz7dFj8WfuZ+81PSLYec5m4=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1 h1:nOGnQDM7FYENwehXlg/kFVnos3rEvtKTjRvOWSzb6H4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1/go.mod h1:5W2xD1RspED5o8YsWQXVCued0rvSQ+mT+I5cxcmMvtA=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9 h1:SQFwaSi55rU7vdNs9Yr0Z324VNlrF+0wMqRXT4St8ck=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190222072716-a9d3bda3a223/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191026070338-33540a1f6037/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201029080932-201ba4db2418 h1:HlFl4V6pEMziuLXyRkm5BIYq1y1GAbb02pRlWvI54OM=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201029080932-201ba4db2418/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20191110171634-ad39bd3f0407 h1:5zh5atpUEdIc478E/ebrIaHLKcfVvG6dL/fGv7BcMoM=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20191110171634-ad39bd3f0407/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXRh80K7BxOlk5/8JxuGnuhpl+muw=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1 h1:5TQK59W5E3v0r2duFAb7P95B6hEeOyEnHRa8MjYSMTY=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c h1:5KslGYwFpkhGh+Q16bwMP3cOontH8FOep7tGV86Y7SQ=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200116001909-b77594299b42/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200223170610-d5e6a3e2c0ae/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210925032602-92d5a993a665 h1:QOQNt6vCjMpXE7JSK5VvAzJC1byuN3FgTNSBwf+CJgI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210925032602-92d5a993a665/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210916214954-140adaaadfaf h1:Ihq/mm/suC88gF8WFcVwk+OV6Tq+wyA1O0E5UEvDglI=
+golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210916214954-140adaaadfaf/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543 h1:E7g+9GITq07hpfrRu66IVDexMakfv52eLZ2CXBWiKr4=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127 h1:qIbj1fsPNlZgppZ+VLlY7N33q108Sa+fhmuc+sWQYwY=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/errgo.v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:hNsd1EY+bozCKY1Ytp96fpM3vjJbqLJn88ws8XvfDNI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2 h1:ZCJp+EgiOT7lHqUV2J862kp8Qj64Jo6az82+3Td9dZw=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c h1:dUUwHk2QECo/6vqA44rthZ8ie2QXMNeKRTHCNY2nXvo=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-mvdan.cc/editorconfig v0.1.1-0.20200121172147-e40951bde157/go.mod h1:Ge4atmRUYqueGppvJ7JNrtqpqokoJEFxYbP0Z+WeKS8=
-mvdan.cc/sh/v3 v3.2.1 h1:uQBpiGM+rEuHse3Q+W7ajuJUeOtFVJUN/6GeX4/dUWE=
-mvdan.cc/sh/v3 v3.2.1/go.mod h1:fPQmabBpREM/XQ9YXSU5ZFZ/Sm+PmKP9/vkFHgYKJEI=
+mvdan.cc/editorconfig v0.2.0/go.mod h1:lvnnD3BNdBYkhq+B4uBuFFKatfp02eB6HixDvEz91C0=
+mvdan.cc/sh/v3 v3.4.3 h1:zbuKH7YH9cqU6PGajhFFXZY7dhPXcDr55iN/cUAqpuw=
+mvdan.cc/sh/v3 v3.4.3/go.mod h1:p/tqPPI4Epfk2rICAe2RoaNd8HBSJ8t9Y2DA9yQlbzY=

hash.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package task
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/hash"
+	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/taskfile"
+)
+
+func (e *Executor) GetHash(t *taskfile.Task) (string, error) {
+	r := t.Run
+	if r == "" {
+		r = e.Taskfile.Run
+	}
+
+	var h hash.HashFunc
+	switch r {
+	case "always":
+		h = hash.Empty
+	case "once":
+		h = hash.Name
+	case "when_changed":
+		h = hash.Hash
+	default:
+		return "", fmt.Errorf(`task: invalid run "%s"`, r)
+	}
+	return h(t)
+}

help.go

@@ -2,18 +2,43 @@ package task
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"os"
 	"sort"
+	"strings"
 	"text/tabwriter"
 
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/taskfile"
 )
 
-// PrintTasksHelp prints help os tasks that have a description
-func (e *Executor) PrintTasksHelp() {
-	tasks := e.tasksWithDesc()
+// ListTasksWithDesc reports tasks that have a description spec.
+func (e *Executor) ListTasksWithDesc() {
+	e.printTasks(false)
+	return
+}
+
+// ListAllTasks reports all tasks, with or without a description spec.
+func (e *Executor) ListAllTasks() {
+	e.printTasks(true)
+	return
+}
+
+func (e *Executor) printTasks(listAll bool) {
+	var tasks []*taskfile.Task
+	if listAll {
+		tasks = e.allTaskNames()
+	} else {
+		tasks = e.tasksWithDesc()
+	}
+
 	if len(tasks) == 0 {
-		e.Logger.Outf(logger.Yellow, "task: No tasks with description available")
+		if listAll {
+			e.Logger.Outf(logger.Yellow, "task: No tasks available")
+		} else {
+			e.Logger.Outf(logger.Yellow, "task: No tasks with description available. Try --list-all to list all tasks")
+		}
 		return
 	}
 	e.Logger.Outf(logger.Default, "task: Available tasks for this project:")
@@ -26,6 +51,15 @@ func (e *Executor) PrintTasksHelp() {
 	w.Flush()
 }
 
+func (e *Executor) allTaskNames() (tasks []*taskfile.Task) {
+	tasks = make([]*taskfile.Task, 0, len(e.Taskfile.Tasks))
+	for _, task := range e.Taskfile.Tasks {
+		tasks = append(tasks, task)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(tasks, func(i, j int) bool { return tasks[i].Task < tasks[j].Task })
+	return
+}
+
 func (e *Executor) tasksWithDesc() (tasks []*taskfile.Task) {
 	tasks = make([]*taskfile.Task, 0, len(e.Taskfile.Tasks))
 	for _, task := range e.Taskfile.Tasks {
@@ -40,3 +74,33 @@ func (e *Executor) tasksWithDesc() (tasks []*taskfile.Task) {
 	sort.Slice(tasks, func(i, j int) bool { return tasks[i].Task < tasks[j].Task })
 	return
 }
+
+// PrintTaskNames prints only the task names in a Taskfile.
+// Only tasks with a non-empty description are printed if allTasks is false.
+// Otherwise, all task names are printed.
+func (e *Executor) ListTaskNames(allTasks bool) {
+	// if called from cmd/task.go, e.Taskfile has not yet been parsed
+	if e.Taskfile == nil {
+		if err := e.readTaskfile(); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	// use stdout if no output defined
+	var w io.Writer = os.Stdout
+	if e.Stdout != nil {
+		w = e.Stdout
+	}
+	// create a string slice from all map values (*taskfile.Task)
+	s := make([]string, 0, len(e.Taskfile.Tasks))
+	for _, t := range e.Taskfile.Tasks {
+		if allTasks || t.Desc != "" {
+			s = append(s, strings.TrimRight(t.Task, ":"))
+		}
+	}
+	// sort and print all task names
+	sort.Strings(s)
+	for _, t := range s {
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, t)
+	}
+}

init.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package task
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 )
@@ -24,15 +23,15 @@ tasks:
 
 // InitTaskfile Taskfile creates a new Taskfile
 func InitTaskfile(w io.Writer, dir string) error {
-	f := filepath.Join(dir, "Taskfile.yml")
+	f := filepath.Join(dir, "Taskfile.yaml")
 
 	if _, err := os.Stat(f); err == nil {
 		return ErrTaskfileAlreadyExists
 	}
 
-	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(f, []byte(defaultTaskfile), 0644); err != nil {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(f, []byte(defaultTaskfile), 0644); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Taskfile.yml created in the current directory\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Taskfile.yaml created in the current directory\n")
 	return nil
 }

internal/compiler/compiler.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 // Compiler handles compilation of a task before its execution.
 // E.g. variable merger, template processing, etc.
 type Compiler interface {
+	GetTaskfileVariables() (*taskfile.Vars, error)
 	GetVariables(t *taskfile.Task, call taskfile.Call) (*taskfile.Vars, error)
 	FastGetVariables(t *taskfile.Task, call taskfile.Call) (*taskfile.Vars, error)
 	HandleDynamicVar(v taskfile.Var, dir string) (string, error)

internal/compiler/v2/compiler_v2.go

@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ type CompilerV2 struct {
 	muDynamicCache sync.Mutex
 }
 
+func (c *CompilerV2) GetTaskfileVariables() (*taskfile.Vars, error) {
+	return &taskfile.Vars{}, nil
+}
+
 // FastGetVariables is a no-op on v2
 func (c *CompilerV2) FastGetVariables(t *taskfile.Task, call taskfile.Call) (*taskfile.Vars, error) {
 	return c.GetVariables(t, call)
@@ -105,7 +109,7 @@ func (c *CompilerV2) HandleDynamicVar(v taskfile.Var, _ string) (string, error)
 		Stderr:  c.Logger.Stderr,
 	}
 	if err := execext.RunCommand(context.Background(), opts); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf(`task: Command "%s" in taskvars file failed: %s`, opts.Command, err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf(`task: Command "%s" failed: %s`, opts.Command, err)
 	}
 
 	// Trim a single trailing newline from the result to make most command

internal/compiler/v3/compiler_v3.go

@@ -29,17 +29,23 @@ type CompilerV3 struct {
 	muDynamicCache sync.Mutex
 }
 
+func (c *CompilerV3) GetTaskfileVariables() (*taskfile.Vars, error) {
+	return c.getVariables(nil, nil, true)
+}
+
 func (c *CompilerV3) GetVariables(t *taskfile.Task, call taskfile.Call) (*taskfile.Vars, error) {
-	return c.getVariables(t, call, true)
+	return c.getVariables(t, &call, true)
 }
 
 func (c *CompilerV3) FastGetVariables(t *taskfile.Task, call taskfile.Call) (*taskfile.Vars, error) {
-	return c.getVariables(t, call, false)
+	return c.getVariables(t, &call, false)
 }
 
-func (c *CompilerV3) getVariables(t *taskfile.Task, call taskfile.Call, evaluateShVars bool) (*taskfile.Vars, error) {
+func (c *CompilerV3) getVariables(t *taskfile.Task, call *taskfile.Call, evaluateShVars bool) (*taskfile.Vars, error) {
 	result := compiler.GetEnviron()
-	result.Set("TASK", taskfile.Var{Static: t.Task})
+	if t != nil {
+		result.Set("TASK", taskfile.Var{Static: t.Task})
+	}
 
 	getRangeFunc := func(dir string) func(k string, v taskfile.Var) error {
 		return func(k string, v taskfile.Var) error {
@@ -68,28 +74,43 @@ func (c *CompilerV3) getVariables(t *taskfile.Task, call taskfile.Call, evaluate
 	}
 	rangeFunc := getRangeFunc(c.Dir)
 
+	var taskRangeFunc func(k string, v taskfile.Var) error
+	if t != nil {
+		// NOTE(@andreynering): We're manually joining these paths here because
+		// this is the raw task, not the compiled one.
+		tr := templater.Templater{Vars: result, RemoveNoValue: true}
+		dir := tr.Replace(t.Dir)
+		if err := tr.Err(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if !filepath.IsAbs(dir) {
+			dir = filepath.Join(c.Dir, dir)
+		}
+		taskRangeFunc = getRangeFunc(dir)
+	}
+
 	if err := c.TaskfileEnv.Range(rangeFunc); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if err := c.TaskfileVars.Range(rangeFunc); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if t != nil {
+		if err := t.IncludedTaskfileVars.Range(taskRangeFunc); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if err := t.IncludeVars.Range(rangeFunc); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if t == nil || call == nil {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
 	if err := call.Vars.Range(rangeFunc); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	// NOTE(@andreynering): We're manually joining these paths here because
-	// this is the raw task, not the compiled one.
-	tr := templater.Templater{Vars: result, RemoveNoValue: true}
-	dir := tr.Replace(t.Dir)
-	if err := tr.Err(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if !filepath.IsAbs(dir) {
-		dir = filepath.Join(c.Dir, dir)
-	}
-	taskRangeFunc := getRangeFunc(dir)
-
 	if err := t.Vars.Range(taskRangeFunc); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -125,12 +146,13 @@ func (c *CompilerV3) HandleDynamicVar(v taskfile.Var, dir string) (string, error
 		Stderr:  c.Logger.Stderr,
 	}
 	if err := execext.RunCommand(context.Background(), opts); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf(`task: Command "%s" in taskvars file failed: %s`, opts.Command, err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf(`task: Command "%s" failed: %s`, opts.Command, err)
 	}
 
 	// Trim a single trailing newline from the result to make most command
 	// output easier to use in shell commands.
-	result := strings.TrimSuffix(stdout.String(), "\n")
+	result := strings.TrimSuffix(stdout.String(), "\r\n")
+	result = strings.TrimSuffix(result, "\n")
 
 	c.dynamicCache[v.Sh] = result
 	c.Logger.VerboseErrf(logger.Magenta, `task: dynamic variable: '%s' result: '%s'`, v.Sh, result)

internal/execext/exec.go

@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ func RunCommand(ctx context.Context, opts *RunCommandOptions) error {
 
 	r, err := interp.New(
 		interp.Params("-e"),
-		interp.Dir(opts.Dir),
 		interp.Env(expand.ListEnviron(environ...)),
 		interp.OpenHandler(openHandler),
 		interp.StdIO(opts.Stdin, opts.Stdout, opts.Stderr),
+		dirOption(opts.Dir),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -87,3 +87,24 @@ func openHandler(ctx context.Context, path string, flag int, perm os.FileMode) (
 	}
 	return interp.DefaultOpenHandler()(ctx, path, flag, perm)
 }
+
+func dirOption(path string) interp.RunnerOption {
+	return func(r *interp.Runner) error {
+		err := interp.Dir(path)(r)
+		if err == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// If the specified directory doesn't exist, it will be created later.
+		// Therefore, even if `interp.Dir` method returns an error, the
+		// directory path should be set only when the directory cannot be found.
+		if absPath, _ := filepath.Abs(path); absPath != "" {
+			if _, err := os.Stat(absPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				r.Dir = absPath
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		return err
+	}
+}

internal/hash/hash.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package hash
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure/v2"
+
+	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/taskfile"
+)
+
+type HashFunc func(*taskfile.Task) (string, error)
+
+func Empty(*taskfile.Task) (string, error) {
+	return "", nil
+}
+
+func Name(t *taskfile.Task) (string, error) {
+	return t.Task, nil
+}
+
+func Hash(t *taskfile.Task) (string, error) {
+	h, err := hashstructure.Hash(t, hashstructure.FormatV2, nil)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", t.Task, h), err
+}

internal/logger/logger.go

@@ -6,17 +6,16 @@ import (
 	"github.com/fatih/color"
 )
 
+type Color func() PrintFunc
 type PrintFunc func(io.Writer, string, ...interface{})
 
-var (
-	Default PrintFunc = color.New(color.Reset).FprintfFunc()
-	Blue    PrintFunc = color.New(color.FgBlue).FprintfFunc()
-	Green   PrintFunc = color.New(color.FgGreen).FprintfFunc()
-	Cyan    PrintFunc = color.New(color.FgCyan).FprintfFunc()
-	Yellow  PrintFunc = color.New(color.FgYellow).FprintfFunc()
-	Magenta PrintFunc = color.New(color.FgMagenta).FprintfFunc()
-	Red     PrintFunc = color.New(color.FgRed).FprintfFunc()
-)
+func Default() PrintFunc { return color.New(color.Reset).FprintfFunc() }
+func Blue() PrintFunc    { return color.New(color.FgBlue).FprintfFunc() }
+func Green() PrintFunc   { return color.New(color.FgGreen).FprintfFunc() }
+func Cyan() PrintFunc    { return color.New(color.FgCyan).FprintfFunc() }
+func Yellow() PrintFunc  { return color.New(color.FgYellow).FprintfFunc() }
+func Magenta() PrintFunc { return color.New(color.FgMagenta).FprintfFunc() }
+func Red() PrintFunc     { return color.New(color.FgRed).FprintfFunc() }
 
 // Logger is just a wrapper that prints stuff to STDOUT or STDERR,
 // with optional color.
@@ -28,37 +27,39 @@ type Logger struct {
 }
 
 // Outf prints stuff to STDOUT.
-func (l *Logger) Outf(print PrintFunc, s string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *Logger) Outf(color Color, s string, args ...interface{}) {
 	if len(args) == 0 {
 		s, args = "%s", []interface{}{s}
 	}
 	if !l.Color {
-		print = Default
+		color = Default
 	}
+	print := color()
 	print(l.Stdout, s+"\n", args...)
 }
 
 // VerboseOutf prints stuff to STDOUT if verbose mode is enabled.
-func (l *Logger) VerboseOutf(print PrintFunc, s string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *Logger) VerboseOutf(color Color, s string, args ...interface{}) {
 	if l.Verbose {
-		l.Outf(print, s, args...)
+		l.Outf(color, s, args...)
 	}
 }
 
 // Errf prints stuff to STDERR.
-func (l *Logger) Errf(print PrintFunc, s string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *Logger) Errf(color Color, s string, args ...interface{}) {
 	if len(args) == 0 {
 		s, args = "%s", []interface{}{s}
 	}
 	if !l.Color {
-		print = Default
+		color = Default
 	}
+	print := color()
 	print(l.Stderr, s+"\n", args...)
 }
 
 // VerboseErrf prints stuff to STDERR if verbose mode is enabled.
-func (l *Logger) VerboseErrf(print PrintFunc, s string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (l *Logger) VerboseErrf(color Color, s string, args ...interface{}) {
 	if l.Verbose {
-		l.Errf(print, s, args...)
+		l.Errf(color, s, args...)
 	}
 }

internal/output/group.go

@@ -5,15 +5,25 @@ import (
 	"io"
 )
 
-type Group struct{}
+type Group struct{
+	Begin, End string
+}
 
-func (Group) WrapWriter(w io.Writer, _ string) io.Writer {
-	return &groupWriter{writer: w}
+func (g Group) WrapWriter(w io.Writer, _ string, tmpl Templater) io.Writer {
+	gw := &groupWriter{writer: w}
+	if g.Begin != "" {
+		gw.begin = tmpl.Replace(g.Begin) + "\n"
+	}
+	if g.End != "" {
+		gw.end = tmpl.Replace(g.End) + "\n"
+	}
+	return gw
 }
 
 type groupWriter struct {
 	writer io.Writer
 	buff   bytes.Buffer
+	begin, end string
 }
 
 func (gw *groupWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
@@ -21,6 +31,14 @@ func (gw *groupWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
 }
 
 func (gw *groupWriter) Close() error {
+	if gw.buff.Len() == 0 {
+		// don't print begin/end messages if there's no buffered entries
+		return nil
+	}
+	if _, err := io.WriteString(gw.writer, gw.begin); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	gw.buff.WriteString(gw.end)
 	_, err := io.Copy(gw.writer, &gw.buff)
 	return err
 }

internal/output/interleaved.go

@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ import (
 
 type Interleaved struct{}
 
-func (Interleaved) WrapWriter(w io.Writer, _ string) io.Writer {
+func (Interleaved) WrapWriter(w io.Writer, _ string, _ Templater) io.Writer {
 	return w
 }

internal/output/output.go

@@ -1,9 +1,49 @@
 package output
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
+
+	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/taskfile"
 )
 
-type Output interface {
-	WrapWriter(w io.Writer, prefix string) io.Writer
+// Templater executes a template engine.
+// It is provided by the templater.Templater package.
+type Templater interface {
+	// Replace replaces the provided template string with a rendered string.
+	Replace(tmpl string) string
+}
+
+type Output interface {
+	WrapWriter(w io.Writer, prefix string, tmpl Templater) io.Writer
+}
+
+// Build the Output for the requested taskfile.Output.
+func BuildFor(o *taskfile.Output) (Output, error) {
+	switch o.Name {
+	case "interleaved", "":
+		if err := checkOutputGroupUnset(o); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return Interleaved{}, nil
+	case "group":
+		return Group{
+			Begin: o.Group.Begin,
+			End:   o.Group.End,
+		}, nil
+	case "prefixed":
+		if err := checkOutputGroupUnset(o); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return Prefixed{}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(`task: output style %q not recognized`, o.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+func checkOutputGroupUnset(o *taskfile.Output) error {
+	if o.Group.IsSet() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("task: output style %q does not support the group begin/end parameter", o.Name)
+	}
+	return nil
 }

internal/output/output_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/templater"
+	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/taskfile"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/output"
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 func TestInterleaved(t *testing.T) {
 	var b bytes.Buffer
 	var o output.Output = output.Interleaved{}
-	var w = o.WrapWriter(&b, "")
+	var w = o.WrapWriter(&b, "", nil)
 
 	fmt.Fprintln(w, "foo\nbar")
 	assert.Equal(t, "foo\nbar\n", b.String())
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ func TestInterleaved(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	var b bytes.Buffer
 	var o output.Output = output.Group{}
-	var w = o.WrapWriter(&b, "").(io.WriteCloser)
+	var w = o.WrapWriter(&b, "", nil).(io.WriteCloser)
 
 	fmt.Fprintln(w, "foo\nbar")
 	assert.Equal(t, "", b.String())
@@ -35,10 +37,43 @@ func TestGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "foo\nbar\nbaz\n", b.String())
 }
 
+func TestGroupWithBeginEnd(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpl := templater.Templater{
+		Vars: &taskfile.Vars{
+			Keys: []string{"VAR1"},
+			Mapping: map[string]taskfile.Var{
+				"VAR1": {Static: "example-value"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	var o output.Output = output.Group{
+		Begin: "::group::{{ .VAR1 }}",
+		End:   "::endgroup::",
+	}
+	t.Run("simple", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var b bytes.Buffer
+		var w = o.WrapWriter(&b, "", &tmpl).(io.WriteCloser)
+
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "foo\nbar")
+		assert.Equal(t, "", b.String())
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "baz")
+		assert.Equal(t, "", b.String())
+		assert.NoError(t, w.Close())
+		assert.Equal(t, "::group::example-value\nfoo\nbar\nbaz\n::endgroup::\n", b.String())
+	})
+	t.Run("no output", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var b bytes.Buffer
+		var w = o.WrapWriter(&b, "", &tmpl).(io.WriteCloser)
+		assert.NoError(t, w.Close())
+		assert.Equal(t, "", b.String())
+	})
+}
+
 func TestPrefixed(t *testing.T) {
 	var b bytes.Buffer
 	var o output.Output = output.Prefixed{}
-	var w = o.WrapWriter(&b, "prefix").(io.WriteCloser)
+	var w = o.WrapWriter(&b, "prefix", nil).(io.WriteCloser)
 
 	t.Run("simple use cases", func(t *testing.T) {
 		b.Reset()

internal/output/prefixed.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 type Prefixed struct{}
 
-func (Prefixed) WrapWriter(w io.Writer, prefix string) io.Writer {
+func (Prefixed) WrapWriter(w io.Writer, prefix string, _ Templater) io.Writer {
 	return &prefixWriter{writer: w, prefix: prefix}
 }
 

internal/status/checksum.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"crypto/md5"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ func (c *Checksum) IsUpToDate() (bool, error) {
 
 	checksumFile := c.checksumFilePath()
 
-	data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(checksumFile)
+	data, _ := os.ReadFile(checksumFile)
 	oldMd5 := strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
 
 	sources, err := globs(c.TaskDir, c.Sources)
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ func (c *Checksum) IsUpToDate() (bool, error) {
 
 	if !c.Dry {
 		_ = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(c.BaseDir, ".task", "checksum"), 0755)
-		if err = ioutil.WriteFile(checksumFile, []byte(newMd5+"\n"), 0644); err != nil {
+		if err = os.WriteFile(checksumFile, []byte(newMd5+"\n"), 0644); err != nil {
 			return false, err
 		}
 	}
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ func (c *Checksum) IsUpToDate() (bool, error) {
 	if len(c.Generates) > 0 {
 		// For each specified 'generates' field, check whether the files actually exist
 		for _, g := range c.Generates {
-			generates, err := glob(c.TaskDir, g)
+			generates, err := Glob(c.TaskDir, g)
 			if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 				return false, nil
 			}

internal/status/glob.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 func globs(dir string, globs []string) ([]string, error) {
 	files := make([]string, 0)
 	for _, g := range globs {
-		f, err := glob(dir, g)
+		f, err := Glob(dir, g)
 		if err != nil {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func globs(dir string, globs []string) ([]string, error) {
 	return files, nil
 }
 
-func glob(dir string, g string) ([]string, error) {
+func Glob(dir string, g string) ([]string, error) {
 	files := make([]string, 0)
 	if !filepath.IsAbs(g) {
 		g = filepath.Join(dir, g)

internal/templater/funcs.go

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"text/template"
 
-	"github.com/go-task/slim-sprig"
+	sprig "github.com/go-task/slim-sprig"
+	"mvdan.cc/sh/v3/syntax"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -37,6 +38,9 @@ func init() {
 			}
 			return ""
 		},
+		"shellQuote": func(str string) (string, error) {
+			return syntax.Quote(str, syntax.LangBash)
+		},
 		// IsSH is deprecated.
 		"IsSH": func() bool { return true },
 	}

internal/templater/templater.go

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func (r *Templater) ReplaceSlice(strs []string) []string {
 }
 
 func (r *Templater) ReplaceVars(vars *taskfile.Vars) *taskfile.Vars {
-	if r.err != nil || vars == nil || len(vars.Keys) == 0 {
+	if r.err != nil || vars.Len() == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 

status.go

@@ -29,16 +29,35 @@ func (e *Executor) Status(ctx context.Context, calls ...taskfile.Call) error {
 }
 
 func (e *Executor) isTaskUpToDate(ctx context.Context, t *taskfile.Task) (bool, error) {
+	if len(t.Status) == 0 && len(t.Sources) == 0 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
 	if len(t.Status) > 0 {
-		return e.isTaskUpToDateStatus(ctx, t)
+		isUpToDate, err := e.isTaskUpToDateStatus(ctx, t)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		if !isUpToDate {
+			return false, nil
+		}
 	}
 
-	checker, err := e.getStatusChecker(t)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
+	if len(t.Sources) > 0 {
+		checker, err := e.getStatusChecker(t)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		isUpToDate, err := checker.IsUpToDate()
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		if !isUpToDate {
+			return false, nil
+		}
 	}
 
-	return checker.IsUpToDate()
+	return true, nil
 }
 
 func (e *Executor) statusOnError(t *taskfile.Task) error {

task.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/logger"
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/output"
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/summary"
+	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/templater"
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/taskfile"
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/taskfile/read"
 
@@ -32,16 +33,17 @@ const (
 type Executor struct {
 	Taskfile *taskfile.Taskfile
 
-	Dir        string
-	Entrypoint string
-	Force      bool
-	Watch      bool
-	Verbose    bool
-	Silent     bool
-	Dry        bool
-	Summary    bool
-	Parallel   bool
-	Color      bool
+	Dir         string
+	Entrypoint  string
+	Force       bool
+	Watch       bool
+	Verbose     bool
+	Silent      bool
+	Dry         bool
+	Summary     bool
+	Parallel    bool
+	Color       bool
+	Concurrency int
 
 	Stdin  io.Reader
 	Stdout io.Writer
@@ -50,12 +52,15 @@ type Executor struct {
 	Logger      *logger.Logger
 	Compiler    compiler.Compiler
 	Output      output.Output
-	OutputStyle string
+	OutputStyle taskfile.Output
 
 	taskvars *taskfile.Vars
 
-	taskCallCount map[string]*int32
-	mkdirMutexMap map[string]*sync.Mutex
+	concurrencySemaphore chan struct{}
+	taskCallCount        map[string]*int32
+	mkdirMutexMap        map[string]*sync.Mutex
+	executionHashes      map[string]context.Context
+	executionHashesMutex sync.Mutex
 }
 
 // Run runs Task
@@ -64,7 +69,7 @@ func (e *Executor) Run(ctx context.Context, calls ...taskfile.Call) error {
 	for _, c := range calls {
 		if _, ok := e.Taskfile.Tasks[c.Task]; !ok {
 			// FIXME: move to the main package
-			e.PrintTasksHelp()
+			e.ListTasksWithDesc()
 			return &taskNotFoundError{taskName: c.Task}
 		}
 	}
@@ -99,14 +104,21 @@ func (e *Executor) Run(ctx context.Context, calls ...taskfile.Call) error {
 	return g.Wait()
 }
 
+// readTaskfile selects and parses the entrypoint.
+func (e *Executor) readTaskfile() error {
+	var err error
+	e.Taskfile, err = read.Taskfile(&read.ReaderNode{
+		Dir:        e.Dir,
+		Entrypoint: e.Entrypoint,
+		Parent:     nil,
+		Optional:   false,
+	})
+	return err
+}
+
 // Setup setups Executor's internal state
 func (e *Executor) Setup() error {
-	if e.Entrypoint == "" {
-		e.Entrypoint = "Taskfile.yml"
-	}
-
-	var err error
-	e.Taskfile, err = read.Taskfile(e.Dir, e.Entrypoint)
+	err := e.readTaskfile()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -147,9 +159,12 @@ func (e *Executor) Setup() error {
 	if v == 2.0 {
 		v = 2.6
 	}
+	if v == 3.0 {
+		v = 3.8
+	}
 
-	if v > 3.0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf(`task: Taskfile versions greater than v3.0 not implemented in the version of Task`)
+	if v > 3.8 {
+		return fmt.Errorf(`task: Taskfile versions greater than v3.8 not implemented in the version of Task`)
 	}
 
 	// Color available only on v3
@@ -174,7 +189,24 @@ func (e *Executor) Setup() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if v < 2.1 && e.Taskfile.Output != "" {
+	if v >= 3.0 {
+		env, err := read.Dotenv(e.Compiler, e.Taskfile, e.Dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		err = env.Range(func(key string, value taskfile.Var) error {
+			if _, ok := e.Taskfile.Env.Mapping[key]; !ok {
+				e.Taskfile.Env.Set(key, value)
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if v < 2.1 && !e.Taskfile.Output.IsSet() {
 		return fmt.Errorf(`task: Taskfile option "output" is only available starting on Taskfile version v2.1`)
 	}
 	if v < 2.2 && e.Taskfile.Includes.Len() > 0 {
@@ -183,19 +215,16 @@ func (e *Executor) Setup() error {
 	if v >= 3.0 && e.Taskfile.Expansions > 2 {
 		return fmt.Errorf(`task: The "expansions" setting is not available anymore on v3.0`)
 	}
-
-	if e.OutputStyle != "" {
-		e.Taskfile.Output = e.OutputStyle
+	if v < 3.8 && e.Taskfile.Output.Group.IsSet() {
+		return fmt.Errorf(`task: Taskfile option "output.group" is only available starting on Taskfile version v3.8`)
 	}
-	switch e.Taskfile.Output {
-	case "", "interleaved":
-		e.Output = output.Interleaved{}
-	case "group":
-		e.Output = output.Group{}
-	case "prefixed":
-		e.Output = output.Prefixed{}
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf(`task: output option "%s" not recognized`, e.Taskfile.Output)
+
+	if !e.OutputStyle.IsSet() {
+		e.OutputStyle = e.Taskfile.Output
+	}
+	e.Output, err = output.BuildFor(&e.OutputStyle)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if e.Taskfile.Method == "" {
@@ -241,12 +270,34 @@ func (e *Executor) Setup() error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if v < 3.7 {
+		if e.Taskfile.Run != "" {
+			return errors.New(`task: Setting the "run" type is only available starting on Taskfile version v3.7`)
+		}
+
+		for _, task := range e.Taskfile.Tasks {
+			if task.Run != "" {
+				return errors.New(`task: Setting the "run" type is only available starting on Taskfile version v3.7`)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if e.Taskfile.Run == "" {
+		e.Taskfile.Run = "always"
+	}
+
+	e.executionHashes = make(map[string]context.Context)
+
 	e.taskCallCount = make(map[string]*int32, len(e.Taskfile.Tasks))
 	e.mkdirMutexMap = make(map[string]*sync.Mutex, len(e.Taskfile.Tasks))
 	for k := range e.Taskfile.Tasks {
 		e.taskCallCount[k] = new(int32)
 		e.mkdirMutexMap[k] = &sync.Mutex{}
 	}
+
+	if e.Concurrency > 0 {
+		e.concurrencySemaphore = make(chan struct{}, e.Concurrency)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -260,48 +311,64 @@ func (e *Executor) RunTask(ctx context.Context, call taskfile.Call) error {
 		return &MaximumTaskCallExceededError{task: call.Task}
 	}
 
-	if err := e.runDeps(ctx, t); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	release := e.acquireConcurrencyLimit()
+	defer release()
 
-	if !e.Force {
-		preCondMet, err := e.areTaskPreconditionsMet(ctx, t)
-		if err != nil {
+	return e.startExecution(ctx, t, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		e.Logger.VerboseErrf(logger.Magenta, `task: "%s" started`, call.Task)
+		if err := e.runDeps(ctx, t); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		upToDate, err := e.isTaskUpToDate(ctx, t)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if upToDate && preCondMet {
-			if !e.Silent {
-				e.Logger.Errf(logger.Magenta, `task: Task "%s" is up to date`, t.Name())
-			}
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := e.mkdir(t); err != nil {
-		e.Logger.Errf(logger.Red, "task: cannot make directory %q: %v", t.Dir, err)
-	}
-
-	for i := range t.Cmds {
-		if err := e.runCommand(ctx, t, call, i); err != nil {
-			if err2 := e.statusOnError(t); err2 != nil {
-				e.Logger.VerboseErrf(logger.Yellow, "task: error cleaning status on error: %v", err2)
+		if !e.Force {
+			if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+				return err
 			}
 
-			if execext.IsExitError(err) && t.IgnoreError {
-				e.Logger.VerboseErrf(logger.Yellow, "task: task error ignored: %v", err)
+			preCondMet, err := e.areTaskPreconditionsMet(ctx, t)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			upToDate, err := e.isTaskUpToDate(ctx, t)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if upToDate && preCondMet {
+				if !e.Silent {
+					e.Logger.Errf(logger.Magenta, `task: Task "%s" is up to date`, t.Name())
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := e.mkdir(t); err != nil {
+			e.Logger.Errf(logger.Red, "task: cannot make directory %q: %v", t.Dir, err)
+		}
+
+		for i := range t.Cmds {
+			if t.Cmds[i].Defer {
+				defer e.runDeferred(t, call, i)
 				continue
 			}
 
-			return &taskRunError{t.Task, err}
+			if err := e.runCommand(ctx, t, call, i); err != nil {
+				if err2 := e.statusOnError(t); err2 != nil {
+					e.Logger.VerboseErrf(logger.Yellow, "task: error cleaning status on error: %v", err2)
+				}
+
+				if execext.IsExitError(err) && t.IgnoreError {
+					e.Logger.VerboseErrf(logger.Yellow, "task: task error ignored: %v", err)
+					continue
+				}
+
+				return &taskRunError{t.Task, err}
+			}
 		}
-	}
-	return nil
+		e.Logger.VerboseErrf(logger.Magenta, `task: "%s" finished`, call.Task)
+		return nil
+	})
 }
 
 func (e *Executor) mkdir(t *taskfile.Task) error {
@@ -324,6 +391,9 @@ func (e *Executor) mkdir(t *taskfile.Task) error {
 func (e *Executor) runDeps(ctx context.Context, t *taskfile.Task) error {
 	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
 
+	reacquire := e.releaseConcurrencyLimit()
+	defer reacquire()
+
 	for _, d := range t.Deps {
 		d := d
 
@@ -339,11 +409,23 @@ func (e *Executor) runDeps(ctx context.Context, t *taskfile.Task) error {
 	return g.Wait()
 }
 
+func (e *Executor) runDeferred(t *taskfile.Task, call taskfile.Call, i int) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := e.runCommand(ctx, t, call, i); err != nil {
+		e.Logger.VerboseErrf(logger.Yellow, `task: ignored error in deferred cmd: %s`, err.Error())
+	}
+}
+
 func (e *Executor) runCommand(ctx context.Context, t *taskfile.Task, call taskfile.Call, i int) error {
 	cmd := t.Cmds[i]
 
 	switch {
 	case cmd.Task != "":
+		reacquire := e.releaseConcurrencyLimit()
+		defer reacquire()
+
 		err := e.RunTask(ctx, taskfile.Call{Task: cmd.Task, Vars: cmd.Vars})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -351,15 +433,25 @@ func (e *Executor) runCommand(ctx context.Context, t *taskfile.Task, call taskfi
 		return nil
 	case cmd.Cmd != "":
 		if e.Verbose || (!cmd.Silent && !t.Silent && !e.Taskfile.Silent && !e.Silent) {
-			e.Logger.Errf(logger.Green, "task: %s", cmd.Cmd)
+			e.Logger.Errf(logger.Green, "task: [%s] %s", t.Name(), cmd.Cmd)
 		}
 
 		if e.Dry {
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		stdOut := e.Output.WrapWriter(e.Stdout, t.Prefix)
-		stdErr := e.Output.WrapWriter(e.Stderr, t.Prefix)
+		outputWrapper := e.Output
+		if t.Interactive {
+			outputWrapper = output.Interleaved{}
+		}
+		vars, err := e.Compiler.FastGetVariables(t, call)
+		outputTemplater := &templater.Templater{Vars: vars, RemoveNoValue: true}
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("task: failed to get variables: %w", err)
+		}
+		stdOut := outputWrapper.WrapWriter(e.Stdout, t.Prefix, outputTemplater)
+		stdErr := outputWrapper.WrapWriter(e.Stderr, t.Prefix, outputTemplater)
+
 		defer func() {
 			if _, ok := stdOut.(*os.File); !ok {
 				if closer, ok := stdOut.(io.Closer); ok {
@@ -373,7 +465,7 @@ func (e *Executor) runCommand(ctx context.Context, t *taskfile.Task, call taskfi
 			}
 		}()
 
-		err := execext.RunCommand(ctx, &execext.RunCommandOptions{
+		err = execext.RunCommand(ctx, &execext.RunCommandOptions{
 			Command: cmd.Cmd,
 			Dir:     t.Dir,
 			Env:     getEnviron(t),
@@ -382,7 +474,7 @@ func (e *Executor) runCommand(ctx context.Context, t *taskfile.Task, call taskfi
 			Stderr:  stdErr,
 		})
 		if execext.IsExitError(err) && cmd.IgnoreError {
-			e.Logger.VerboseErrf(logger.Yellow, "task: command error ignored: %v", err)
+			e.Logger.VerboseErrf(logger.Yellow, "task: [%s] command error ignored: %v", t.Name(), err)
 			return nil
 		}
 		return err
@@ -413,3 +505,32 @@ func getEnviron(t *taskfile.Task) []string {
 
 	return environ
 }
+
+func (e *Executor) startExecution(ctx context.Context, t *taskfile.Task, execute func(ctx context.Context) error) error {
+	h, err := e.GetHash(t)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if h == "" {
+		return execute(ctx)
+	}
+
+	e.executionHashesMutex.Lock()
+	otherExecutionCtx, ok := e.executionHashes[h]
+
+	if ok {
+		e.executionHashesMutex.Unlock()
+		e.Logger.VerboseErrf(logger.Magenta, "task: skipping execution of task: %s", h)
+		<-otherExecutionCtx.Done()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	e.executionHashes[h] = ctx
+	e.executionHashesMutex.Unlock()
+
+	return execute(ctx)
+}

task_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
@@ -17,13 +17,18 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/taskfile"
 )
 
+func init() {
+	_ = os.Setenv("NO_COLOR", "1")
+}
+
 // fileContentTest provides a basic reusable test-case for running a Taskfile
 // and inspect generated files.
 type fileContentTest struct {
-	Dir       string
-	Target    string
-	TrimSpace bool
-	Files     map[string]string
+	Dir        string
+	Entrypoint string
+	Target     string
+	TrimSpace  bool
+	Files      map[string]string
 }
 
 func (fct fileContentTest) name(file string) string {
@@ -36,16 +41,17 @@ func (fct fileContentTest) Run(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	e := &task.Executor{
-		Dir:    fct.Dir,
-		Stdout: ioutil.Discard,
-		Stderr: ioutil.Discard,
+		Dir:        fct.Dir,
+		Entrypoint: fct.Entrypoint,
+		Stdout:     io.Discard,
+		Stderr:     io.Discard,
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup(), "e.Setup()")
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: fct.Target}), "e.Run(target)")
 
 	for name, expectContent := range fct.Files {
 		t.Run(fct.name(name), func(t *testing.T) {
-			b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(fct.Dir, name))
+			b, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(fct.Dir, name))
 			assert.NoError(t, err, "Error reading file")
 			s := string(b)
 			if fct.TrimSpace {
@@ -59,8 +65,8 @@ func (fct fileContentTest) Run(t *testing.T) {
 func TestEmptyTask(t *testing.T) {
 	e := &task.Executor{
 		Dir:    "testdata/empty_task",
-		Stdout: ioutil.Discard,
-		Stderr: ioutil.Discard,
+		Stdout: io.Discard,
+		Stderr: io.Discard,
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup(), "e.Setup()")
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "default"}))
@@ -164,13 +170,29 @@ func TestVarsInvalidTmpl(t *testing.T) {
 
 	e := &task.Executor{
 		Dir:    dir,
-		Stdout: ioutil.Discard,
-		Stderr: ioutil.Discard,
+		Stdout: io.Discard,
+		Stderr: io.Discard,
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup(), "e.Setup()")
 	assert.EqualError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: target}), expectError, "e.Run(target)")
 }
 
+func TestConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		dir    = "testdata/concurrency"
+		target = "default"
+	)
+
+	e := &task.Executor{
+		Dir:         dir,
+		Stdout:      io.Discard,
+		Stderr:      io.Discard,
+		Concurrency: 1,
+	}
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup(), "e.Setup()")
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: target}), "e.Run(target)")
+}
+
 func TestParams(t *testing.T) {
 	tt := fileContentTest{
 		Dir:       "testdata/params",
@@ -216,8 +238,8 @@ func TestDeps(t *testing.T) {
 
 	e := &task.Executor{
 		Dir:    dir,
-		Stdout: ioutil.Discard,
-		Stderr: ioutil.Discard,
+		Stdout: io.Discard,
+		Stderr: io.Discard,
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "default"}))
@@ -232,12 +254,18 @@ func TestDeps(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	const dir = "testdata/status"
-	var file = filepath.Join(dir, "foo.txt")
 
-	_ = os.Remove(file)
+	files := []string{
+		"foo.txt",
+		"bar.txt",
+	}
 
-	if _, err := os.Stat(file); err == nil {
-		t.Errorf("File should not exist: %v", err)
+	for _, f := range files {
+		path := filepath.Join(dir, f)
+		_ = os.Remove(path)
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("File should not exist: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	var buff bytes.Buffer
@@ -249,17 +277,33 @@ func TestStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "gen-foo"}))
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "gen-bar"}))
 
-	if _, err := os.Stat(file); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("File should exist: %v", err)
+	for _, f := range files {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, f)); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("File should exist: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	e.Silent = false
-	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "gen-foo"}))
 
-	if buff.String() != `task: Task "gen-foo" is up to date`+"\n" {
-		t.Errorf("Wrong output message: %s", buff.String())
-	}
+	// all: not up-to-date
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "gen-foo"}))
+	assert.Equal(t, "task: [gen-foo] touch foo.txt", strings.TrimSpace(buff.String()))
+	buff.Reset()
+	// status: not up-to-date
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "gen-foo"}))
+	assert.Equal(t, "task: [gen-foo] touch foo.txt", strings.TrimSpace(buff.String()))
+	buff.Reset()
+
+	// sources: not up-to-date
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "gen-bar"}))
+	assert.Equal(t, "task: [gen-bar] touch bar.txt", strings.TrimSpace(buff.String()))
+	buff.Reset()
+	// all: up-to-date
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "gen-bar"}))
+	assert.Equal(t, `task: Task "gen-bar" is up to date`, strings.TrimSpace(buff.String()))
+	buff.Reset()
 }
 
 func TestPrecondition(t *testing.T) {
@@ -474,10 +518,58 @@ func TestLabelInList(t *testing.T) {
 		Stderr: &buff,
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
-	e.PrintTasksHelp()
+	e.ListTasksWithDesc()
 	assert.Contains(t, buff.String(), "foobar")
 }
 
+// task -al case 1: listAll list all tasks
+func TestListAllShowsNoDesc(t *testing.T) {
+	const dir = "testdata/list_mixed_desc"
+
+	var buff bytes.Buffer
+	e := task.Executor{
+		Dir:    dir,
+		Stdout: &buff,
+		Stderr: &buff,
+	}
+
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
+
+	var title string
+	e.ListAllTasks()
+	for _, title = range []string{
+		"foo",
+		"voo",
+		"doo",
+	} {
+		assert.Contains(t, buff.String(), title)
+	}
+}
+
+// task -al case 2: !listAll list some tasks (only those with desc)
+func TestListCanListDescOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	const dir = "testdata/list_mixed_desc"
+
+	var buff bytes.Buffer
+	e := task.Executor{
+		Dir:    dir,
+		Stdout: &buff,
+		Stderr: &buff,
+	}
+
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
+	e.ListTasksWithDesc()
+
+	var title string
+	assert.Contains(t, buff.String(), "foo")
+	for _, title = range []string{
+		"voo",
+		"doo",
+	} {
+		assert.NotContains(t, buff.String(), title)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStatusVariables(t *testing.T) {
 	const dir = "testdata/status_vars"
 
@@ -508,20 +600,21 @@ func TestStatusVariables(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestInit(t *testing.T) {
 	const dir = "testdata/init"
-	var file = filepath.Join(dir, "Taskfile.yml")
+	var file = filepath.Join(dir, "Taskfile.yaml")
 
 	_ = os.Remove(file)
 	if _, err := os.Stat(file); err == nil {
-		t.Errorf("Taskfile.yml should not exist")
+		t.Errorf("Taskfile.yaml should not exist")
 	}
 
-	if err := task.InitTaskfile(ioutil.Discard, dir); err != nil {
+	if err := task.InitTaskfile(io.Discard, dir); err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}
 
 	if _, err := os.Stat(file); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Taskfile.yml should exist")
+		t.Errorf("Taskfile.yaml should exist")
 	}
+	_ = os.Remove(file)
 }
 
 func TestCyclicDep(t *testing.T) {
@@ -529,8 +622,8 @@ func TestCyclicDep(t *testing.T) {
 
 	e := task.Executor{
 		Dir:    dir,
-		Stdout: ioutil.Discard,
-		Stderr: ioutil.Discard,
+		Stdout: io.Discard,
+		Stderr: io.Discard,
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
 	assert.IsType(t, &task.MaximumTaskCallExceededError{}, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "task-1"}))
@@ -548,8 +641,8 @@ func TestTaskVersion(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(test.Dir, func(t *testing.T) {
 			e := task.Executor{
 				Dir:    test.Dir,
-				Stdout: ioutil.Discard,
-				Stderr: ioutil.Discard,
+				Stdout: io.Discard,
+				Stderr: io.Discard,
 			}
 			assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
 			assert.Equal(t, test.Version, e.Taskfile.Version)
@@ -563,8 +656,8 @@ func TestTaskIgnoreErrors(t *testing.T) {
 
 	e := task.Executor{
 		Dir:    dir,
-		Stdout: ioutil.Discard,
-		Stderr: ioutil.Discard,
+		Stdout: io.Discard,
+		Stderr: io.Discard,
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
 
@@ -610,7 +703,7 @@ func TestDry(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "build"}))
 
-	assert.Equal(t, "task: touch file.txt", strings.TrimSpace(buff.String()))
+	assert.Equal(t, "task: [build] touch file.txt", strings.TrimSpace(buff.String()))
 	if _, err := os.Stat(file); err == nil {
 		t.Errorf("File should not exist %s", file)
 	}
@@ -626,8 +719,8 @@ func TestDryChecksum(t *testing.T) {
 
 	e := task.Executor{
 		Dir:    dir,
-		Stdout: ioutil.Discard,
-		Stderr: ioutil.Discard,
+		Stdout: io.Discard,
+		Stderr: io.Discard,
 		Dry:    true,
 	}
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
@@ -660,6 +753,35 @@ func TestIncludes(t *testing.T) {
 	tt.Run(t)
 }
 
+func TestIncludesMultiLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	tt := fileContentTest{
+		Dir:       "testdata/includes_multi_level",
+		Target:    "default",
+		TrimSpace: true,
+		Files: map[string]string{
+			"called_one.txt":   "one",
+			"called_two.txt":   "two",
+			"called_three.txt": "three",
+		},
+	}
+	tt.Run(t)
+}
+
+func TestIncludeCycle(t *testing.T) {
+	const dir = "testdata/includes_cycle"
+	expectedError := "task: include cycle detected between testdata/includes_cycle/Taskfile.yml <--> testdata/includes_cycle/one/two/Taskfile.yml"
+
+	var buff bytes.Buffer
+	e := task.Executor{
+		Dir:    dir,
+		Stdout: &buff,
+		Stderr: &buff,
+		Silent: true,
+	}
+
+	assert.EqualError(t, e.Setup(), expectedError)
+}
+
 func TestIncorrectVersionIncludes(t *testing.T) {
 	const dir = "testdata/incorrect_includes"
 	expectedError := "task: Import with additional parameters is only available starting on Taskfile version v3"
@@ -713,6 +835,78 @@ func TestIncludesCallingRoot(t *testing.T) {
 	tt.Run(t)
 }
 
+func TestIncludesOptional(t *testing.T) {
+	tt := fileContentTest{
+		Dir:       "testdata/includes_optional",
+		Target:    "default",
+		TrimSpace: true,
+		Files: map[string]string{
+			"called_dep.txt": "called_dep",
+		}}
+	tt.Run(t)
+}
+
+func TestIncludesOptionalImplicitFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	e := task.Executor{
+		Dir:    "testdata/includes_optional_implicit_false",
+		Stdout: io.Discard,
+		Stderr: io.Discard,
+	}
+
+	err := e.Setup()
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "stat testdata/includes_optional_implicit_false/TaskfileOptional.yml: no such file or directory", err.Error())
+}
+
+func TestIncludesOptionalExplicitFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	e := task.Executor{
+		Dir:    "testdata/includes_optional_explicit_false",
+		Stdout: io.Discard,
+		Stderr: io.Discard,
+	}
+
+	err := e.Setup()
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "stat testdata/includes_optional_explicit_false/TaskfileOptional.yml: no such file or directory", err.Error())
+}
+
+func TestIncludesFromCustomTaskfile(t *testing.T) {
+	tt := fileContentTest{
+		Dir:        "testdata/includes_yaml",
+		Entrypoint: "Custom.ext",
+		Target:     "default",
+		TrimSpace:  true,
+		Files: map[string]string{
+			"main.txt":                         "main",
+			"included_with_yaml_extension.txt": "included_with_yaml_extension",
+			"included_with_custom_file.txt":    "included_with_custom_file",
+		},
+	}
+	tt.Run(t)
+}
+
+func TestSupportedFileNames(t *testing.T) {
+	fileNames := []string{
+		"Taskfile.yml",
+		"Taskfile.yaml",
+		"Taskfile.dist.yml",
+		"Taskfile.dist.yaml",
+	}
+	for _, fileName := range fileNames {
+		t.Run(fileName, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tt := fileContentTest{
+				Dir:       fmt.Sprintf("testdata/file_names/%s", fileName),
+				Target:    "default",
+				TrimSpace: true,
+				Files: map[string]string{
+					"output.txt": "hello",
+				},
+			}
+			tt.Run(t)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSummary(t *testing.T) {
 	const dir = "testdata/summary"
 
@@ -727,7 +921,7 @@ func TestSummary(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
 	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "task-with-summary"}, taskfile.Call{Task: "other-task-with-summary"}))
 
-	data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "task-with-summary.txt"))
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "task-with-summary.txt"))
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	expectedOutput := string(data)
@@ -800,6 +994,33 @@ func TestWhenDirAttributeItCreatesMissingAndRunsInThatDir(t *testing.T) {
 	_ = os.RemoveAll(toBeCreated)
 }
 
+func TestDynamicVariablesRunOnTheNewCreatedDir(t *testing.T) {
+	const expected = "created"
+	const dir = "testdata/dir/dynamic_var_on_created_dir/"
+	const toBeCreated = dir + expected
+	const target = "default"
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	e := &task.Executor{
+		Dir:    dir,
+		Stdout: &out,
+		Stderr: &out,
+	}
+
+	// Ensure that the directory to be created doesn't actually exist.
+	_ = os.RemoveAll(toBeCreated)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(toBeCreated); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Directory should not exist: %v", err)
+	}
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: target}))
+
+	got := strings.TrimSuffix(filepath.Base(out.String()), "\n")
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, got, "Mismatch in the working directory")
+
+	// Clean-up after ourselves only if no error.
+	_ = os.RemoveAll(toBeCreated)
+}
+
 func TestDynamicVariablesShouldRunOnTheTaskDir(t *testing.T) {
 	tt := fileContentTest{
 		Dir:       "testdata/dir/dynamic_var",
@@ -818,8 +1039,8 @@ func TestDynamicVariablesShouldRunOnTheTaskDir(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDisplaysErrorOnUnsupportedVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	e := task.Executor{
 		Dir:    "testdata/version/v1",
-		Stdout: ioutil.Discard,
-		Stderr: ioutil.Discard,
+		Stdout: io.Discard,
+		Stderr: io.Discard,
 	}
 	err := e.Setup()
 	assert.Error(t, err)
@@ -884,6 +1105,44 @@ func TestDotenvShouldAllowMissingEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	tt.Run(t)
 }
 
+func TestDotenvHasLocalEnvInPath(t *testing.T) {
+	tt := fileContentTest{
+		Dir:       "testdata/dotenv/local_env_in_path",
+		Target:    "default",
+		TrimSpace: false,
+		Files: map[string]string{
+			"var.txt": "VAR='var_in_dot_env_1'\n",
+		},
+	}
+	tt.Run(t)
+}
+
+func TestDotenvHasLocalVarInPath(t *testing.T) {
+	tt := fileContentTest{
+		Dir:       "testdata/dotenv/local_var_in_path",
+		Target:    "default",
+		TrimSpace: false,
+		Files: map[string]string{
+			"var.txt": "VAR='var_in_dot_env_3'\n",
+		},
+	}
+	tt.Run(t)
+}
+
+func TestDotenvHasEnvVarInPath(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Setenv("ENV_VAR", "testing")
+
+	tt := fileContentTest{
+		Dir:       "testdata/dotenv/env_var_in_path",
+		Target:    "default",
+		TrimSpace: false,
+		Files: map[string]string{
+			"var.txt": "VAR='var_in_dot_env_2'\n",
+		},
+	}
+	tt.Run(t)
+}
+
 func TestExitImmediately(t *testing.T) {
 	const dir = "testdata/exit_immediately"
 
@@ -899,3 +1158,121 @@ func TestExitImmediately(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Error(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "default"}))
 	assert.Contains(t, buff.String(), `"this_should_fail": executable file not found in $PATH`)
 }
+
+func TestRunOnlyRunsJobsHashOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	tt := fileContentTest{
+		Dir:    "testdata/run",
+		Target: "generate-hash",
+		Files: map[string]string{
+			"hash.txt": "starting 1\n1\n2\n",
+		},
+	}
+	tt.Run(t)
+}
+
+func TestDeferredCmds(t *testing.T) {
+	const dir = "testdata/deferred"
+	var buff bytes.Buffer
+	e := task.Executor{
+		Dir:    dir,
+		Stdout: &buff,
+		Stderr: &buff,
+	}
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
+
+	expectedOutputOrder := strings.TrimSpace(`
+task: [task-2] echo 'cmd ran'
+cmd ran
+task: [task-2] exit 1
+task: [task-2] echo 'failing' && exit 2
+failing
+task: [task-2] echo 'echo ran'
+echo ran
+task: [task-1] echo 'task-1 ran successfully'
+task-1 ran successfully
+`)
+	assert.Error(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "task-2"}))
+	fmt.Println(buff.String())
+	assert.Contains(t, buff.String(), expectedOutputOrder)
+}
+
+func TestIgnoreNilElements(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		dir  string
+	}{
+		{"nil cmd", "testdata/ignore_nil_elements/cmds"},
+		{"nil dep", "testdata/ignore_nil_elements/deps"},
+		{"nil include", "testdata/ignore_nil_elements/includes"},
+		{"nil precondition", "testdata/ignore_nil_elements/preconditions"},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var buff bytes.Buffer
+			e := task.Executor{
+				Dir:    test.dir,
+				Stdout: &buff,
+				Stderr: &buff,
+				Silent: true,
+			}
+			assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
+			assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "default"}))
+			assert.Equal(t, "string-slice-1\n", buff.String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOutputGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	const dir = "testdata/output_group"
+	var buff bytes.Buffer
+	e := task.Executor{
+		Dir:    dir,
+		Stdout: &buff,
+		Stderr: &buff,
+	}
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
+
+	expectedOutputOrder := strings.TrimSpace(`
+task: [hello] echo 'Hello!'
+::group::hello
+Hello!
+::endgroup::
+task: [bye] echo 'Bye!'
+::group::bye
+Bye!
+::endgroup::
+`)
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "bye"}))
+	t.Log(buff.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(buff.String()), expectedOutputOrder)
+}
+
+func TestIncludedVars(t *testing.T) {
+	const dir = "testdata/include_with_vars"
+	var buff bytes.Buffer
+	e := task.Executor{
+		Dir:    dir,
+		Stdout: &buff,
+		Stderr: &buff,
+	}
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Setup())
+
+	expectedOutputOrder := strings.TrimSpace(`
+task: [included1:task1] echo "VAR_1 is included1-var1"
+VAR_1 is included1-var1
+task: [included1:task1] echo "VAR_2 is included-default-var2"
+VAR_2 is included-default-var2
+task: [included2:task1] echo "VAR_1 is included2-var1"
+VAR_1 is included2-var1
+task: [included2:task1] echo "VAR_2 is included-default-var2"
+VAR_2 is included-default-var2
+task: [included3:task1] echo "VAR_1 is included-default-var1"
+VAR_1 is included-default-var1
+task: [included3:task1] echo "VAR_2 is included-default-var2"
+VAR_2 is included-default-var2
+`)
+	assert.NoError(t, e.Run(context.Background(), taskfile.Call{Task: "task1"}))
+	t.Log(buff.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimSpace(buff.String()), expectedOutputOrder)
+}

taskfile/cmd.go

@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 package taskfile
 
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"strings"
-)
-
 // Cmd is a task command
 type Cmd struct {
 	Cmd         string
@@ -12,6 +7,7 @@ type Cmd struct {
 	Task        string
 	Vars        *Vars
 	IgnoreError bool
+	Defer       bool
 }
 
 // Dep is a task dependency
@@ -20,22 +16,11 @@ type Dep struct {
 	Vars *Vars
 }
 
-var (
-	// ErrCantUnmarshalCmd is returned for invalid command YAML
-	ErrCantUnmarshalCmd = errors.New("task: can't unmarshal cmd value")
-	// ErrCantUnmarshalDep is returned for invalid dependency YAML
-	ErrCantUnmarshalDep = errors.New("task: can't unmarshal dep value")
-)
-
 // UnmarshalYAML implements yaml.Unmarshaler interface
 func (c *Cmd) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	var cmd string
 	if err := unmarshal(&cmd); err == nil {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(cmd, "^") {
-			c.Task = strings.TrimPrefix(cmd, "^")
-		} else {
-			c.Cmd = cmd
-		}
+		c.Cmd = cmd
 		return nil
 	}
 	var cmdStruct struct {
@@ -49,16 +34,33 @@ func (c *Cmd) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 		c.IgnoreError = cmdStruct.IgnoreError
 		return nil
 	}
+	var deferredCmd struct {
+		Defer string
+	}
+	if err := unmarshal(&deferredCmd); err == nil && deferredCmd.Defer != "" {
+		c.Defer = true
+		c.Cmd = deferredCmd.Defer
+		return nil
+	}
+	var deferredCall struct {
+		Defer Call
+	}
+	if err := unmarshal(&deferredCall); err == nil && deferredCall.Defer.Task != "" {
+		c.Defer = true
+		c.Task = deferredCall.Defer.Task
+		c.Vars = deferredCall.Defer.Vars
+		return nil
+	}
 	var taskCall struct {
 		Task string
 		Vars *Vars
 	}
-	if err := unmarshal(&taskCall); err == nil {
-		c.Task = taskCall.Task
-		c.Vars = taskCall.Vars
-		return nil
+	if err := unmarshal(&taskCall); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-	return ErrCantUnmarshalCmd
+	c.Task = taskCall.Task
+	c.Vars = taskCall.Vars
+	return nil
 }
 
 // UnmarshalYAML implements yaml.Unmarshaler interface
@@ -72,10 +74,10 @@ func (d *Dep) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 		Task string
 		Vars *Vars
 	}
-	if err := unmarshal(&taskCall); err == nil {
-		d.Task = taskCall.Task
-		d.Vars = taskCall.Vars
-		return nil
+	if err := unmarshal(&taskCall); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-	return ErrCantUnmarshalDep
+	d.Task = taskCall.Task
+	d.Vars = taskCall.Vars
+	return nil
 }

taskfile/included_taskfile.go

@@ -6,16 +6,13 @@ import (
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
-var (
-	// ErrCantUnmarshalIncludedTaskfile is returned for invalid var YAML.
-	ErrCantUnmarshalIncludedTaskfile = errors.New("task: can't unmarshal included value")
-)
-
 // IncludedTaskfile represents information about included tasksfile
 type IncludedTaskfile struct {
 	Taskfile       string
 	Dir            string
+	Optional       bool
 	AdvancedImport bool
+	Vars           *Vars
 }
 
 // IncludedTaskfiles represents information about included tasksfiles
@@ -97,13 +94,16 @@ func (it *IncludedTaskfile) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) err
 	var includedTaskfile struct {
 		Taskfile string
 		Dir      string
+		Optional bool
+		Vars     *Vars
 	}
-	if err := unmarshal(&includedTaskfile); err == nil {
-		it.Dir = includedTaskfile.Dir
-		it.Taskfile = includedTaskfile.Taskfile
-		it.AdvancedImport = true
-		return nil
+	if err := unmarshal(&includedTaskfile); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-
-	return ErrCantUnmarshalIncludedTaskfile
+	it.Taskfile = includedTaskfile.Taskfile
+	it.Dir = includedTaskfile.Dir
+	it.Optional = includedTaskfile.Optional
+	it.AdvancedImport = true
+	it.Vars = includedTaskfile.Vars
+	return nil
 }

taskfile/merge.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func Merge(t1, t2 *Taskfile, namespaces ...string) error {
 	if t2.Expansions != 0 && t2.Expansions != 2 {
 		t1.Expansions = t2.Expansions
 	}
-	if t2.Output != "" {
+	if t2.Output.IsSet() {
 		t1.Output = t2.Output
 	}
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func Merge(t1, t2 *Taskfile, namespaces ...string) error {
 			dep.Task = taskNameWithNamespace(dep.Task, namespaces...)
 		}
 		for _, cmd := range v.Cmds {
-			if cmd.Task != "" {
+			if cmd != nil && cmd.Task != "" {
 				cmd.Task = taskNameWithNamespace(cmd.Task, namespaces...)
 			}
 		}

taskfile/output.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package taskfile
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+// Output of the Task output
+type Output struct {
+	// Name of the Output.
+	Name string `yaml:"-"`
+	// Group specific style
+	Group OutputGroup
+}
+
+// IsSet returns true if and only if a custom output style is set.
+func (s *Output) IsSet() bool {
+	return s.Name != ""
+}
+
+// UnmarshalYAML implements yaml.Unmarshaler
+// It accepts a scalar node representing the Output.Name or a mapping node representing the OutputGroup.
+func (s *Output) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
+	var name string
+	if err := unmarshal(&name); err == nil {
+		s.Name = name
+		return nil
+	}
+	var tmp struct {
+		Group *OutputGroup
+	}
+	if err := unmarshal(&tmp); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("task: output style must be a string or mapping with a \"group\" key: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tmp.Group == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("task: output style must have the \"group\" key when in mapping form")
+	}
+	*s = Output{
+		Name:  "group",
+		Group: *tmp.Group,
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// OutputGroup is the style options specific to the Group style.
+type OutputGroup struct {
+	Begin, End string
+}
+
+// IsSet returns true if and only if a custom output style is set.
+func (g *OutputGroup) IsSet() bool {
+	if g == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return g.Begin != "" || g.End != ""
+}

taskfile/read/dotenv.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package read
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
+
+	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/compiler"
+	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/templater"
+	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/taskfile"
+)
+
+func Dotenv(c compiler.Compiler, tf *taskfile.Taskfile, dir string) (*taskfile.Vars, error) {
+	if len(tf.Dotenv) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	vars, err := c.GetTaskfileVariables()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	env := &taskfile.Vars{}
+
+	tr := templater.Templater{Vars: vars, RemoveNoValue: true}
+
+	for _, dotEnvPath := range tf.Dotenv {
+		dotEnvPath = tr.Replace(dotEnvPath)
+
+		if !filepath.IsAbs(dotEnvPath) {
+			dotEnvPath = filepath.Join(dir, dotEnvPath)
+		}
+		if _, err := os.Stat(dotEnvPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		envs, err := godotenv.Read(dotEnvPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		for key, value := range envs {
+			if _, ok := env.Mapping[key]; !ok {
+				env.Set(key, taskfile.Var{Static: value})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return env, nil
+}

taskfile/read/taskfile.go

@@ -7,26 +7,49 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 
-	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 
+	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/execext"
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/internal/templater"
 	"github.com/go-task/task/v3/taskfile"
 )
 
 var (
-	// ErrIncludedTaskfilesCantHaveIncludes is returned when a included Taskfile contains includes
-	ErrIncludedTaskfilesCantHaveIncludes = errors.New("task: Included Taskfiles can't have includes. Please, move the include to the main Taskfile")
 	// ErrIncludedTaskfilesCantHaveDotenvs is returned when a included Taskfile contains dotenvs
 	ErrIncludedTaskfilesCantHaveDotenvs = errors.New("task: Included Taskfiles can't have dotenv declarations. Please, move the dotenv declaration to the main Taskfile")
+
+	defaultTaskfiles = []string{
+		"Taskfile.yml",
+		"Taskfile.yaml",
+		"Taskfile.dist.yml",
+		"Taskfile.dist.yaml",
+	}
 )
 
+type ReaderNode struct {
+	Dir        string
+	Entrypoint string
+	Optional   bool
+	Parent     *ReaderNode
+}
+
 // Taskfile reads a Taskfile for a given directory
-func Taskfile(dir string, entrypoint string) (*taskfile.Taskfile, error) {
-	path := filepath.Join(dir, entrypoint)
-	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(`task: No Taskfile found on "%s". Use "task --init" to create a new one`, path)
+// Uses current dir when dir is left empty. Uses Taskfile.yml
+// or Taskfile.yaml when entrypoint is left empty
+func Taskfile(readerNode *ReaderNode) (*taskfile.Taskfile, error) {
+	if readerNode.Dir == "" {
+		d, err := os.Getwd()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		readerNode.Dir = d
 	}
+	path, err := exists(filepath.Join(readerNode.Dir, readerNode.Entrypoint))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	readerNode.Entrypoint = filepath.Base(path)
+
 	t, err := readTaskfile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -37,60 +60,54 @@ func Taskfile(dir string, entrypoint string) (*taskfile.Taskfile, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if v >= 3.0 {
-		for _, dotEnvPath := range t.Dotenv {
-			if !filepath.IsAbs(dotEnvPath) {
-				dotEnvPath = filepath.Join(dir, dotEnvPath)
-			}
-			if _, err := os.Stat(dotEnvPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			envs, err := godotenv.Read(dotEnvPath)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			for key, value := range envs {
-				if _, ok := t.Env.Mapping[key]; !ok {
-					t.Env.Set(key, taskfile.Var{Static: value})
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	err = t.Includes.Range(func(namespace string, includedTask taskfile.IncludedTaskfile) error {
 		if v >= 3.0 {
 			tr := templater.Templater{Vars: &taskfile.Vars{}, RemoveNoValue: true}
 			includedTask = taskfile.IncludedTaskfile{
 				Taskfile:       tr.Replace(includedTask.Taskfile),
 				Dir:            tr.Replace(includedTask.Dir),
+				Optional:       includedTask.Optional,
 				AdvancedImport: includedTask.AdvancedImport,
+				Vars:           includedTask.Vars,
 			}
 			if err := tr.Err(); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
 
-		if filepath.IsAbs(includedTask.Taskfile) {
-			path = includedTask.Taskfile
-		} else {
-			path = filepath.Join(dir, includedTask.Taskfile)
+		path, err := execext.Expand(includedTask.Taskfile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !filepath.IsAbs(path) {
+			path = filepath.Join(readerNode.Dir, path)
+		}
+		path, err = exists(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			if includedTask.Optional {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return err
 		}
 
-		info, err := os.Stat(path)
-		if err != nil {
+		includeReaderNode := &ReaderNode{
+			Dir:        filepath.Dir(path),
+			Entrypoint: filepath.Base(path),
+			Parent:     readerNode,
+			Optional:   includedTask.Optional,
+		}
+
+		if err := checkCircularIncludes(includeReaderNode); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if info.IsDir() {
-			path = filepath.Join(path, "Taskfile.yml")
-		}
-		includedTaskfile, err := readTaskfile(path)
+
+		includedTaskfile, err := Taskfile(includeReaderNode)
 		if err != nil {
+			if includedTask.Optional {
+				return nil
+			}
 			return err
 		}
-		if includedTaskfile.Includes.Len() > 0 {
-			return ErrIncludedTaskfilesCantHaveIncludes
-		}
 
 		if v >= 3.0 && len(includedTaskfile.Dotenv) > 0 {
 			return ErrIncludedTaskfilesCantHaveDotenvs
@@ -99,12 +116,12 @@ func Taskfile(dir string, entrypoint string) (*taskfile.Taskfile, error) {
 		if includedTask.AdvancedImport {
 			for k, v := range includedTaskfile.Vars.Mapping {
 				o := v
-				o.Dir = filepath.Join(dir, includedTask.Dir)
+				o.Dir = filepath.Join(readerNode.Dir, includedTask.Dir)
 				includedTaskfile.Vars.Mapping[k] = o
 			}
 			for k, v := range includedTaskfile.Env.Mapping {
 				o := v
-				o.Dir = filepath.Join(dir, includedTask.Dir)
+				o.Dir = filepath.Join(readerNode.Dir, includedTask.Dir)
 				includedTaskfile.Env.Mapping[k] = o
 			}
 
@@ -112,6 +129,8 @@ func Taskfile(dir string, entrypoint string) (*taskfile.Taskfile, error) {
 				if !filepath.IsAbs(task.Dir) {
 					task.Dir = filepath.Join(includedTask.Dir, task.Dir)
 				}
+				task.IncludeVars = includedTask.Vars
+				task.IncludedTaskfileVars = includedTaskfile.Vars
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -125,7 +144,7 @@ func Taskfile(dir string, entrypoint string) (*taskfile.Taskfile, error) {
 	}
 
 	if v < 3.0 {
-		path = filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("Taskfile_%s.yml", runtime.GOOS))
+		path = filepath.Join(readerNode.Dir, fmt.Sprintf("Taskfile_%s.yml", runtime.GOOS))
 		if _, err = os.Stat(path); err == nil {
 			osTaskfile, err := readTaskfile(path)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -156,3 +175,44 @@ func readTaskfile(file string) (*taskfile.Taskfile, error) {
 	var t taskfile.Taskfile
 	return &t, yaml.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&t)
 }
+
+func exists(path string) (string, error) {
+	fi, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if fi.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		return path, nil
+	}
+
+	for _, n := range defaultTaskfiles {
+		fpath := filepath.Join(path, n)
+		if _, err := os.Stat(fpath); err == nil {
+			return fpath, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf(`task: No Taskfile found in "%s". Use "task --init" to create a new one`, path)
+}
+
+func checkCircularIncludes(node *ReaderNode) error {
+	if node == nil {
+		return errors.New("task: failed to check for include cycle: node was nil")
+	}
+	if node.Parent == nil {
+		return errors.New("task: failed to check for include cycle: node.Parent was nil")
+	}
+	var curNode = node
+	var basePath = filepath.Join(node.Dir, node.Entrypoint)
+	for curNode.Parent != nil {
+		curNode = curNode.Parent
+		curPath := filepath.Join(curNode.Dir, curNode.Entrypoint)
+		if curPath == basePath {
+			return fmt.Errorf("task: include cycle detected between %s <--> %s",
+				curPath,
+				filepath.Join(node.Parent.Dir, node.Parent.Entrypoint),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

taskfile/task.go

@@ -1,38 +1,33 @@
 package taskfile
 
-import (
-	"errors"
-)
-
 // Tasks represents a group of tasks
 type Tasks map[string]*Task
 
 // Task represents a task
 type Task struct {
-	Task          string
-	Cmds          []*Cmd
-	Deps          []*Dep
-	Label         string
-	Desc          string
-	Summary       string
-	Sources       []string
-	Generates     []string
-	Status        []string
-	Preconditions []*Precondition
-	Dir           string
-	Vars          *Vars
-	Env           *Vars
-	Silent        bool
-	Method        string
-	Prefix        string
-	IgnoreError   bool
+	Task                 string
+	Cmds                 []*Cmd
+	Deps                 []*Dep
+	Label                string
+	Desc                 string
+	Summary              string
+	Sources              []string
+	Generates            []string
+	Status               []string
+	Preconditions        []*Precondition
+	Dir                  string
+	Vars                 *Vars
+	Env                  *Vars
+	Silent               bool
+	Interactive          bool
+	Method               string
+	Prefix               string
+	IgnoreError          bool
+	Run                  string
+	IncludeVars          *Vars
+	IncludedTaskfileVars *Vars
 }
 
-var (
-	// ErrCantUnmarshalTask is returned for invalid task YAML
-	ErrCantUnmarshalTask = errors.New("task: can't unmarshal task value")
-)
-
 func (t *Task) Name() string {
 	if t.Label != "" {
 		return t.Label
@@ -67,30 +62,32 @@ func (t *Task) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 		Vars          *Vars
 		Env           *Vars
 		Silent        bool
+		Interactive   bool
 		Method        string
 		Prefix        string
 		IgnoreError   bool `yaml:"ignore_error"`
+		Run           string
 	}
-	if err := unmarshal(&task); err == nil {
-		t.Cmds = task.Cmds
-		t.Deps = task.Deps
-		t.Label = task.Label
-		t.Desc = task.Desc
-		t.Summary = task.Summary
-		t.Sources = task.Sources
-		t.Generates = task.Generates
-		t.Status = task.Status
-		t.Preconditions = task.Preconditions
-		t.Dir = task.Dir
-		t.Vars = task.Vars
-		t.Env = task.Env
-		t.Silent = task.Silent
-		t.Method = task.Method
-		t.Prefix = task.Prefix
-		t.IgnoreError = task.IgnoreError
-
-		return nil
+	if err := unmarshal(&task); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-
-	return ErrCantUnmarshalTask
+	t.Cmds = task.Cmds
+	t.Deps = task.Deps
+	t.Label = task.Label
+	t.Desc = task.Desc
+	t.Summary = task.Summary
+	t.Sources = task.Sources
+	t.Generates = task.Generates
+	t.Status = task.Status
+	t.Preconditions = task.Preconditions
+	t.Dir = task.Dir
+	t.Vars = task.Vars
+	t.Env = task.Env
+	t.Silent = task.Silent
+	t.Interactive = task.Interactive
+	t.Method = task.Method
+	t.Prefix = task.Prefix
+	t.IgnoreError = task.IgnoreError
+	t.Run = task.Run
+	return nil
 }

taskfile/taskfile.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 type Taskfile struct {
 	Version    string
 	Expansions int
-	Output     string
+	Output     Output
 	Method     string
 	Includes   *IncludedTaskfiles
 	Vars       *Vars
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ type Taskfile struct {
 	Tasks      Tasks
 	Silent     bool
 	Dotenv     []string
+	Run        string
 }
 
 // UnmarshalYAML implements yaml.Unmarshaler interface
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ func (tf *Taskfile) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	var taskfile struct {
 		Version    string
 		Expansions int
-		Output     string
+		Output     Output
 		Method     string
 		Includes   *IncludedTaskfiles
 		Vars       *Vars
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ func (tf *Taskfile) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 		Tasks      Tasks
 		Silent     bool
 		Dotenv     []string
+		Run        string
 	}
 	if err := unmarshal(&taskfile); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ func (tf *Taskfile) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	tf.Tasks = taskfile.Tasks
 	tf.Silent = taskfile.Silent
 	tf.Dotenv = taskfile.Dotenv
+	tf.Run = taskfile.Run
 	if tf.Expansions <= 0 {
 		tf.Expansions = 2
 	}

taskfile/taskfile_test.go

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ vars:
   PARAM1: VALUE1
   PARAM2: VALUE2
 `
+		yamlDeferredCall = `defer: { task: some_task, vars: { PARAM1: "var" } }`
+		yamlDeferredCmd  = `defer: echo 'test'`
 	)
 	tests := []struct {
 		content  string
@@ -41,6 +43,21 @@ vars:
 				},
 			}},
 		},
+		{
+			yamlDeferredCmd,
+			&taskfile.Cmd{},
+			&taskfile.Cmd{Cmd: "echo 'test'", Defer: true},
+		},
+		{
+			yamlDeferredCall,
+			&taskfile.Cmd{},
+			&taskfile.Cmd{Task: "some_task", Vars: &taskfile.Vars{
+				Keys: []string{"PARAM1"},
+				Mapping: map[string]taskfile.Var{
+					"PARAM1": taskfile.Var{Static: "var"},
+				},
+			}, Defer: true},
+		},
 		{
 			yamlDep,
 			&taskfile.Dep{},

taskfile/var.go

@@ -2,16 +2,10 @@ package taskfile
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"strings"
 
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
-var (
-	// ErrCantUnmarshalVar is returned for invalid var YAML.
-	ErrCantUnmarshalVar = errors.New("task: can't unmarshal var value")
-)
-
 // Vars is a string[string] variables map.
 type Vars struct {
 	Keys    []string
@@ -75,7 +69,7 @@ func (vs *Vars) Range(yield func(key string, value Var) error) error {
 // ToCacheMap converts Vars to a map containing only the static
 // variables
 func (vs *Vars) ToCacheMap() (m map[string]interface{}) {
-	m = make(map[string]interface{}, len(vs.Keys))
+	m = make(map[string]interface{}, vs.Len())
 	vs.Range(func(k string, v Var) error {
 		if v.Sh != "" {
 			// Dynamic variable is not yet resolved; trigger
@@ -93,6 +87,14 @@ func (vs *Vars) ToCacheMap() (m map[string]interface{}) {
 	return
 }
 
+// Len returns the size of the map
+func (vs *Vars) Len() int {
+	if vs == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return len(vs.Keys)
+}
+
 // Var represents either a static or dynamic variable.
 type Var struct {
 	Static string
@@ -105,21 +107,16 @@ type Var struct {
 func (v *Var) UnmarshalYAML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	var str string
 	if err := unmarshal(&str); err == nil {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(str, "$") {
-			v.Sh = strings.TrimPrefix(str, "$")
-		} else {
-			v.Static = str
-		}
+		v.Static = str
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	var sh struct {
 		Sh string
 	}
-	if err := unmarshal(&sh); err == nil {
-		v.Sh = sh.Sh
-		return nil
+	if err := unmarshal(&sh); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-
-	return ErrCantUnmarshalVar
+	v.Sh = sh.Sh
+	return nil
 }

testdata/concurrency/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+version: '2'
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    deps:
+      - t1
+
+  t1:
+    deps:
+      - t3
+      - t4
+    cmds:
+      - task: t2
+      - echo done 1
+  t2:
+    deps:
+      - t5
+      - t6
+    cmds:
+      - echo done 2
+  t3:
+    cmds:
+      - echo done 3
+  t4:
+    cmds:
+      - echo done 4
+  t5:
+    cmds:
+      - echo done 5
+  t6:
+    cmds:
+      - echo done 6

testdata/deferred/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+version: "3"
+
+tasks:
+  task-1:
+    - echo 'task-1 ran {{.PARAM}}'
+
+  task-2:
+    - defer: { task: "task-1", vars: { PARAM: "successfully" } }
+    - defer: echo 'echo ran'
+    - defer: echo 'failing' && exit 2
+    - echo 'cmd ran'
+    - exit 1

testdata/dir/dynamic_var_on_created_dir/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    dir: created
+    cmds:
+      - echo {{.TASK_DIR}}
+    vars:
+      TASK_DIR:
+        sh: echo $(pwd)

testdata/dotenv/env_var_in_path/.env.testing

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+VAR_IN_DOTENV=var_in_dot_env_2

testdata/dotenv/env_var_in_path/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+version: "3"
+
+dotenv: [".env.{{.ENV_VAR}}"]
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "VAR='$VAR_IN_DOTENV'" > var.txt

testdata/dotenv/local_env_in_path/.env.testing

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+VAR_IN_DOTENV=var_in_dot_env_1

testdata/dotenv/local_env_in_path/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+version: "3"
+
+env:
+  LOCAL_ENV: testing
+
+dotenv: [".env.{{.LOCAL_ENV}}"]
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "VAR='$VAR_IN_DOTENV'" > var.txt

testdata/dotenv/local_var_in_path/.env.testing

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+VAR_IN_DOTENV=var_in_dot_env_3

testdata/dotenv/local_var_in_path/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+version: "3"
+
+vars:
+  PART_1: test
+  PART_2: ing
+  LOCAL_VAR: "{{.PART_1}}{{.PART_2}}"
+
+dotenv: [".env.{{.LOCAL_VAR}}"]
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "VAR='$VAR_IN_DOTENV'" > var.txt

testdata/file_names/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.txt

testdata/file_names/Taskfile.dist.yaml/Taskfile.dist.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default: echo "hello" > output.txt

testdata/file_names/Taskfile.dist.yml/Taskfile.dist.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default: echo "hello" > output.txt

testdata/file_names/Taskfile.yaml/Taskfile.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default: echo "hello" > output.txt

testdata/file_names/Taskfile.yml/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default: echo "hello" > output.txt

testdata/ignore_nil_elements/cmds/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "string-slice-1"
+      -

testdata/ignore_nil_elements/deps/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    deps:
+      -
+      - task: dep
+
+  dep:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "string-slice-1"

testdata/ignore_nil_elements/includes/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  inc: inc.yml
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - task: inc:default

testdata/ignore_nil_elements/includes/inc.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - 
+      - echo "string-slice-1"

testdata/ignore_nil_elements/preconditions/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    preconditions:
+      -
+      - sh: "[ 1 = 1 ]"
+    cmds:
+      - echo "string-slice-1"

testdata/include_with_vars/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+version: "3"
+
+includes:
+  included1:
+    taskfile: include/Taskfile.include.yml
+    vars:
+      VAR_1: included1-var1
+  included2:
+    taskfile: include/Taskfile.include.yml
+    vars:
+      VAR_1: included2-var1
+  included3:
+    taskfile: include/Taskfile.include.yml
+
+tasks:
+  task1:
+    cmds:
+      - task: included1:task1
+      - task: included2:task1
+      - task: included3:task1

testdata/include_with_vars/include/Taskfile.include.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+version: "3"
+
+vars:
+  VAR_1: '{{.VAR_1 | default "included-default-var1"}}'
+  VAR_2: '{{.VAR_2 | default "included-default-var2"}}'
+
+tasks:
+  task1:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "VAR_1 is {{.VAR_1}}"
+      - echo "VAR_2 is {{.VAR_2}}"

testdata/includes_cycle/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  'one': ./one/Taskfile.yml
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "called_dep" > called_dep.txt
+  level1:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "hello level 1"

testdata/includes_cycle/one/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  'two': ./two/Taskfile.yml
+
+tasks:
+  level2:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "hello level 2"

testdata/includes_cycle/one/two/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  bad: "../../Taskfile.yml"
+
+tasks:
+  level3:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "hello level 3"

testdata/includes_multi_level/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  'one': ./one/
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - task: one:default
+      - task: one:two:default
+      - task: one:two:three:default

testdata/includes_multi_level/called_one.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+one

testdata/includes_multi_level/called_three.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+three

testdata/includes_multi_level/called_two.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+two

testdata/includes_multi_level/one/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  'two': ./two/
+
+tasks:
+  default: echo one > called_one.txt

testdata/includes_multi_level/one/two/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  'three': ./three/Taskfile.yml
+
+tasks:
+  default: echo two > called_two.txt

testdata/includes_multi_level/one/two/three/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  default: echo three > called_three.txt

testdata/includes_optional/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.txt

testdata/includes_optional/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  included:
+    taskfile: TaskfileOptional.yml
+    optional: true
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "called_dep" > called_dep.txt

testdata/includes_optional_explicit_false/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  included:
+    taskfile: TaskfileOptional.yml
+    optional: false
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "Hello, world!"

testdata/includes_optional_implicit_false/Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  included: TaskfileOptional.yml
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - echo "Hello, world!"

testdata/includes_yaml/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.txt

testdata/includes_yaml/Custom.ext

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  included: ./included
+  custom: ./included/custom.yaml
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    cmds:
+      - task: gen
+      - task: included:gen
+      - task: custom:gen
+
+  gen:
+    cmds:
+      - echo main > main.txt

testdata/includes_yaml/included/Taskfile.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  gen:
+    cmds:
+      - echo included_with_yaml_extension > included_with_yaml_extension.txt