refactor: remove DispatcherQueue, reinstate OpenUrlCommand, fix Dispose pattern

- Remove Microsoft.UI.Dispatching dependency from extension; the
  DockBandViewModel already marshals to the UI thread via DoOnUiThread
  in HandleItemsChanged, matching the PerformanceMonitor pattern.
- Reinstate OpenUrlCommand("ms-actioncenter:") on NowDockBand so
  clicking the clock still opens Notification Center (was regressed
  to NoOpCommand).
- Replace #pragma CA1816 suppression with proper GC.SuppressFinalize(this)
  in Dispose, matching PerformanceMonitorCommandsProvider pattern.
- Make _copyTimeCommand/_copyDateCommand private with internal property
  accessors to satisfy SA1401.
- Enable <Nullable>enable</Nullable> project-wide in both the extension
  and test csproj files, fixing all resulting nullable annotations
  throughout the codebase.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

src/modules/cmdpal/Microsoft.CmdPal.UI/Dock/DockItemControl.xaml

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 
     <Style x:Key="DefaultDockItemControlStyle" TargetType="local:DockItemControl">
         <Style.Setters>
+            <Setter Property="AutomationProperties.LiveSetting" Value="Off" />
             <Setter Property="Background" Value="{ThemeResource DockItemBackground}" />
             <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{ThemeResource DockItemBorderBrush}" />
             <Setter Property="Padding" Value="{StaticResource DockItemPadding}" />

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests/AvailableResultsListTests.cs

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests;
 [TestClass]
 public class AvailableResultsListTests
 {
-    private CultureInfo originalCulture;
-    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture;
+    private CultureInfo originalCulture = null!;
+    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture = null!;
 
     [TestInitialize]
     public void Setup()

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests/FallbackTimeDateItemTests.cs

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests;
 [TestClass]
 public class FallbackTimeDateItemTests
 {
-    private CultureInfo originalCulture;
-    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture;
+    private CultureInfo originalCulture = null!;
+    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture = null!;
 
     [TestInitialize]
     public void Setup()

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests.csproj

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
   <PropertyGroup>
     <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
     <IsTestProject>true</IsTestProject>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests</RootNamespace>
     <OutputPath>$(SolutionDir)$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\WinUI3Apps\CmdPal\tests\</OutputPath>
     <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests/NowDockBandTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests;
+
+[TestClass]
+[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("IDisposable", "CA1001:Types that own disposable fields should be disposable", Justification = "Disposed in TestCleanup")]
+public class NowDockBandTests
+{
+    private static readonly DateTime FixedTime = new DateTime(2025, 7, 1, 14, 5, 32);
+
+    private CultureInfo _originalCulture = null!;
+    private CultureInfo _originalUiCulture = null!;
+    private NowDockBand? _band;
+
+    [TestInitialize]
+    public void Setup()
+    {
+        _originalCulture = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
+        _originalUiCulture = CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture;
+        CultureInfo.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo("en-US", false);
+        CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture = new CultureInfo("en-US", false);
+    }
+
+    [TestCleanup]
+    public void Cleanup()
+    {
+        _band?.Dispose();
+        _band = null;
+        CultureInfo.CurrentCulture = _originalCulture;
+        CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture = _originalUiCulture;
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void Constructor_TitleIsSetImmediately()
+    {
+        _band = new NowDockBand(clock: () => FixedTime);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual("2:05:32 PM", _band.Title);
+        Assert.IsFalse(string.IsNullOrEmpty(_band.Subtitle));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void UpdateText_LongTimeFormat_TitleContainsSeconds()
+    {
+        _band = new NowDockBand(clock: () => FixedTime);
+
+        _band.UpdateText();
+
+        Assert.AreEqual("2:05:32 PM", _band.Title);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void UpdateText_ShortDateFormat_SubtitleIsShortDate()
+    {
+        _band = new NowDockBand(clock: () => FixedTime);
+
+        _band.UpdateText();
+
+        Assert.AreEqual("7/1/2025", _band.Subtitle);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void UpdateText_FiresOnUpdatedCallback()
+    {
+        var callbackFired = false;
+        _band = new NowDockBand(onUpdated: () => callbackFired = true, clock: () => FixedTime);
+
+        callbackFired = false; // reset — constructor already fired it once during synchronous UpdateText()
+
+        _band.UpdateText();
+
+        Assert.IsTrue(callbackFired);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void UpdateText_CallbackFiredAfterAssignments()
+    {
+        var titleAtCallback = string.Empty;
+        _band = new NowDockBand(
+            onUpdated: () => titleAtCallback = _band?.Title ?? string.Empty,
+            clock: () => FixedTime);
+
+        titleAtCallback = string.Empty; // reset after construction callback
+
+        _band.UpdateText();
+
+        Assert.IsFalse(string.IsNullOrEmpty(titleAtCallback), "Title should be assigned before callback fires");
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void UpdateText_CopyCommandsUpdated()
+    {
+        _band = new NowDockBand(clock: () => FixedTime);
+
+        _band.UpdateText();
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(_band.Title, _band.CopyTimeCommand.Text);
+        Assert.AreEqual(_band.Subtitle, _band.CopyDateCommand.Text);
+    }
+
+    [DataTestMethod]
+    [DataRow("de-DE")]
+    [DataRow("fr-FR")]
+    [DataRow("ar-SA")]
+    public void UpdateText_CultureSmoke_TitleNonEmpty(string cultureName)
+    {
+        // Culture MUST be set before construction — constructor calls UpdateText() synchronously
+        CultureInfo.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo(cultureName, false);
+        CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture = new CultureInfo(cultureName, false);
+
+        _band = new NowDockBand(clock: () => FixedTime);
+
+        Assert.IsFalse(string.IsNullOrEmpty(_band.Title), $"Title should be non-empty for culture '{cultureName}'");
+        Assert.IsFalse(string.IsNullOrEmpty(_band.Subtitle), $"Subtitle should be non-empty for culture '{cultureName}'");
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests/QueryTests.cs

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests;
 [TestClass]
 public class QueryTests : CommandPaletteUnitTestBase
 {
-    private CultureInfo originalCulture;
-    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture;
+    private CultureInfo originalCulture = null!;
+    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture = null!;
 
     [TestInitialize]
     public void Setup()
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public class QueryTests : CommandPaletteUnitTestBase
         Assert.IsTrue(results.Length > 0, $"Query '{query}' should return at least one result");
 
         var firstItem = results.FirstOrDefault();
-        Assert.IsTrue(firstItem.Title.StartsWith("Error: Invalid input", StringComparison.CurrentCulture), $"Query '{query}' should return an error result for invalid input");
+        Assert.IsTrue(firstItem!.Title.StartsWith("Error: Invalid input", StringComparison.CurrentCulture), $"Query '{query}' should return an error result for invalid input");
     }
 
     [DataTestMethod]
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ public class QueryTests : CommandPaletteUnitTestBase
         // Assert
         Assert.IsNotNull(results);
         var firstResult = results.FirstOrDefault();
-        Assert.IsTrue(firstResult.Subtitle.StartsWith(expectedSubtitle, StringComparison.CurrentCulture), $"Could not find result with subtitle starting with '{expectedSubtitle}' for query '{query}'");
+        Assert.IsTrue(firstResult!.Subtitle.StartsWith(expectedSubtitle, StringComparison.CurrentCulture), $"Could not find result with subtitle starting with '{expectedSubtitle}' for query '{query}'");
     }
 
     [DataTestMethod]
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ public class QueryTests : CommandPaletteUnitTestBase
         // Assert
         Assert.IsNotNull(resultsList);
         var firstResult = resultsList.FirstOrDefault();
-        Assert.IsTrue(firstResult.Title.Contains(expectedResult, StringComparison.CurrentCulture), $"Delimiter query '{query}' result not match {expectedResult} current result {firstResult.Title}");
+        Assert.IsTrue(firstResult!.Title.Contains(expectedResult, StringComparison.CurrentCulture), $"Delimiter query '{query}' result not match {expectedResult} current result {firstResult.Title}");
     }
 
     [TestMethod]

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests/ResultHelperTests.cs

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests;
 [TestClass]
 public class ResultHelperTests
 {
-    private CultureInfo originalCulture;
-    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture;
+    private CultureInfo originalCulture = null!;
+    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture = null!;
 
     [TestInitialize]
     public void Setup()
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ public class ResultHelperTests
         {
             Label = "Test Label",
             Value = "Test Value",
+            AlternativeSearchTag = string.Empty,
+            IconType = ResultIconType.Time,
         };
 
         // Act
@@ -55,10 +57,10 @@ public class ResultHelperTests
     [TestMethod]
     public void ResultHelper_CreateListItem_HandlesNullInput()
     {
-        AvailableResult availableResult = null;
+        AvailableResult? availableResult = null;
 
         // Act & Assert
-        Assert.ThrowsException<System.NullReferenceException>(() => availableResult.ToListItem());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<System.NullReferenceException>(() => availableResult!.ToListItem());
     }
 
     [TestMethod]
@@ -69,6 +71,8 @@ public class ResultHelperTests
         {
             Label = string.Empty,
             Value = string.Empty,
+            AlternativeSearchTag = string.Empty,
+            IconType = ResultIconType.Time,
         };
 
         // Act
@@ -88,6 +92,7 @@ public class ResultHelperTests
         {
             Label = "Test Label",
             Value = "Test Value",
+            AlternativeSearchTag = string.Empty,
             IconType = ResultIconType.Date,
         };
 
@@ -110,6 +115,8 @@ public class ResultHelperTests
         {
             Label = longText,
             Value = longText,
+            AlternativeSearchTag = string.Empty,
+            IconType = ResultIconType.Time,
         };
 
         // Act
@@ -130,6 +137,8 @@ public class ResultHelperTests
         {
             Label = specialText,
             Value = specialText,
+            AlternativeSearchTag = string.Empty,
+            IconType = ResultIconType.Time,
         };
 
         // Act

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests/Settings.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public class Settings : ISettingsInterface
         bool enableFallbackItems = true,
         bool timeWithSecond = false,
         bool dateWithWeekday = false,
-        List<string> customFormats = null)
+        List<string>? customFormats = null)
     {
         this.firstWeekOfYear = firstWeekOfYear;
         this.firstDayOfWeek = firstDayOfWeek;

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests/StringParserTests.cs

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests;
 [TestClass]
 public class StringParserTests
 {
-    private CultureInfo originalCulture;
-    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture;
+    private CultureInfo originalCulture = null!;
+    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture = null!;
 
     [TestInitialize]
     public void Setup()

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests/TimeAndDateHelperTests.cs

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests;
 [TestClass]
 public class TimeAndDateHelperTests
 {
-    private CultureInfo originalCulture;
-    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture;
+    private CultureInfo originalCulture = null!;
+    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture = null!;
 
     [TestInitialize]
     public void Setup()

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests/TimeDateCalculatorTests.cs

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests;
 [TestClass]
 public class TimeDateCalculatorTests
 {
-    private CultureInfo originalCulture;
-    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture;
+    private CultureInfo originalCulture = null!;
+    private CultureInfo originalUiCulture = null!;
 
     [TestInitialize]
     public void Setup()
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public class TimeDateCalculatorTests
         var settings = new SettingsManager();
 
         // Act
-        var results = TimeDateCalculator.ExecuteSearch(settings, null);
+        var results = TimeDateCalculator.ExecuteSearch(settings, null!);
 
         // Assert
         Assert.IsNotNull(results);

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests/TimeDateCommandsProviderTests.cs

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests
     [TestClass]
     public class TimeDateCommandsProviderTests
     {
-        private CultureInfo originalCulture;
-        private CultureInfo originalUiCulture;
+        private CultureInfo originalCulture = null!;
+        private CultureInfo originalUiCulture = null!;
 
         [TestInitialize]
         public void Setup()
@@ -90,5 +90,16 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.UnitTests
             // Assert
             Assert.IsFalse(string.IsNullOrEmpty(displayName));
         }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void GetDockBands_ReturnsNonEmptyArray()
+        {
+            var provider = new TimeDateCommandsProvider();
+
+            var bands = provider.GetDockBands();
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(bands.Length > 0, "GetDockBands should return at least one item");
+            Assert.IsNotNull(bands[0], "First dock band should not be null");
+        }
     }
 }

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate/FallbackTimeDateItem.cs

@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ internal sealed partial class FallbackTimeDateItem : FallbackCommandItem
 
         _validOptions = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
         {
-            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagDate", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture),
-            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagDateNow", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture),
+            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagDate", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)!,
+            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagDateNow", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)!,
 
-            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagTime", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture),
-            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagTimeNow", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture),
+            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagTime", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)!,
+            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagTimeNow", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)!,
 
-            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagFormat", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture),
-            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagFormatNow", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture),
+            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagFormat", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)!,
+            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagFormatNow", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)!,
 
-            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagWeek", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture),
+            Resources.ResourceManager.GetString("Microsoft_plugin_timedate_SearchTagWeek", CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)!,
         };
     }
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ internal sealed partial class FallbackTimeDateItem : FallbackCommandItem
         }
 
         var availableResults = AvailableResultsList.GetList(false, _settingsManager, timestamp: _timestamp);
-        ListItem result = null;
+        ListItem? result = null;
         var maxScore = 0;
 
         foreach (var f in availableResults)

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate/Helpers/AvailableResult.cs

@@ -10,22 +10,22 @@ internal sealed class AvailableResult
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets the time/date value
     /// </summary>
-    internal string Value { get; set; }
+    internal required string Value { get; set; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets the text used for the subtitle and as search term
     /// </summary>
-    internal string Label { get; set; }
+    internal required string Label { get; set; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets an alternative search tag that will be evaluated if label doesn't match. For example we like to show the era on searches for 'year' too.
     /// </summary>
-    internal string AlternativeSearchTag { get; set; }
+    internal required string AlternativeSearchTag { get; set; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets a value indicating the type of result
     /// </summary>
-    internal ResultIconType IconType { get; set; }
+    internal required ResultIconType IconType { get; set; }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets a value to show additional error details
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ internal sealed class AvailableResult
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="theme">Theme</param>
     /// <returns>Path</returns>
-    public IconInfo GetIconInfo()
+    public IconInfo? GetIconInfo()
     {
         return IconType switch
         {

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate/Helpers/ResultHelper.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ internal static class ResultHelper
     /// <param name="stringId">Id of the string. (Example: `MyString` for `MyString` and `MyStringNow`)</param>
     /// <param name="stringIdNow">Optional string id for now case</param>
     /// <returns>The string from the resource file, or <see cref="string.Empty"/> otherwise.</returns>
-    internal static string SelectStringFromResources(bool isSystemTimeDate, string stringId, string stringIdNow = default)
+    internal static string SelectStringFromResources(bool isSystemTimeDate, string stringId, string? stringIdNow = default)
     {
         return !isSystemTimeDate
             ? Resources.ResourceManager.GetString(stringId, CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture) ?? string.Empty

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate/Helpers/SettingsManager.cs

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ public class SettingsManager : JsonSettingsManager, ISettingsInterface
 
     public bool DateWithWeekday => _dateWithWeekday.Value;
 
-    public List<string> CustomFormats => _customFormats.Value.Split(TEXTBOXNEWLINE).ToList();
+    public List<string> CustomFormats => (_customFormats.Value ?? string.Empty).Split(TEXTBOXNEWLINE).ToList();
 
     internal static string SettingsJsonPath()
     {

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.csproj

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <RootNamespace>Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate</RootNamespace>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
     <OutputPath>$(SolutionDir)$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\WinUI3Apps\CmdPal</OutputPath>
     <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
     <AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>false</AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate/NowDockBand.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate.Helpers;
+using Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions.Toolkit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate;
+
+internal sealed partial class NowDockBand : ListItem, IDisposable
+{
+    private readonly System.Timers.Timer _timer;
+    private readonly Action? _onUpdated;
+    private readonly Func<DateTime> _clock;
+
+    private CopyTextCommand _copyTimeCommand;
+    private CopyTextCommand _copyDateCommand;
+
+    internal CopyTextCommand CopyTimeCommand => _copyTimeCommand;
+
+    internal CopyTextCommand CopyDateCommand => _copyDateCommand;
+
+    internal NowDockBand(Action? onUpdated = null, Func<DateTime>? clock = null)
+    {
+        _onUpdated = onUpdated;
+        _clock = clock ?? (() => DateTime.Now);
+
+        Command = new OpenUrlCommand("ms-actioncenter:")
+        {
+            Id = "com.microsoft.cmdpal.timedate.dockBand",
+            Name = Resources.timedate_show_notification_center_command_name,
+            Result = CommandResult.Dismiss(),
+        };
+        _copyTimeCommand = new CopyTextCommand(string.Empty) { Name = Resources.timedate_copy_time_command_name };
+        _copyDateCommand = new CopyTextCommand(string.Empty) { Name = Resources.timedate_copy_date_command_name };
+        MoreCommands =
+        [
+            new CommandContextItem(_copyTimeCommand),
+            new CommandContextItem(_copyDateCommand),
+        ];
+
+        UpdateText();
+
+        _timer = new System.Timers.Timer(1000) { AutoReset = true };
+        _timer.Elapsed += (_, _) => UpdateText();
+        _timer.Start();
+    }
+
+    internal void UpdateText()
+    {
+        var now = _clock();
+        var timeString = now.ToString(
+            TimeAndDateHelper.GetStringFormat(FormatStringType.Time, true, false),
+            CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
+        var dateString = now.ToString(
+            TimeAndDateHelper.GetStringFormat(FormatStringType.Date, false, false),
+            CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
+
+        Title = timeString;
+        Subtitle = dateString;
+        _copyTimeCommand.Text = timeString;
+        _copyDateCommand.Text = dateString;
+
+        _onUpdated?.Invoke(); // Must remain last — ViewModel reads Title/Subtitle via GetItems() on callback
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        _timer.Stop();
+        _timer.Dispose();
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.TimeDate/TimeDateCommandsProvider.cs

@@ -20,8 +20,11 @@ public sealed partial class TimeDateCommandsProvider : CommandProvider
     private static readonly TimeDateExtensionPage _timeDateExtensionPage = new(_settingsManager);
     private readonly FallbackTimeDateItem _fallbackTimeDateItem = new(_settingsManager);
 
-    private readonly ListItem _bandItem;
-    private readonly ListItem _notificationCenterBandItem;
+    private readonly WrappedDockItem _bandItem;
+    private readonly WrappedDockItem _notificationCenterBandItem;
+
+    // Keep a reference to the band so we can dispose it when the provider is disposed.
+    private NowDockBand? _nowDockBand;
 
     public TimeDateCommandsProvider()
     {
@@ -37,8 +40,39 @@ public sealed partial class TimeDateCommandsProvider : CommandProvider
         Icon = _timeDateExtensionPage.Icon;
         Settings = _settingsManager.Settings;
 
-        _bandItem = new NowDockBand();
-        _notificationCenterBandItem = new NotificationCenterDockBand();
+        WrappedDockItem? wrappedBand = null;
+
+        // During NowDockBand construction, UpdateText() runs synchronously.
+        // At that point wrappedBand is still null so the callback is a no-op.
+        // On subsequent timer ticks, wrappedBand is non-null and SetItems fires
+        // RaiseItemsChanged — the framework marshals to the UI thread in
+        // DockBandViewModel.InitializeFromList via DoOnUiThread.
+        _nowDockBand = new NowDockBand(onUpdated: () =>
+        {
+            if (wrappedBand is not null)
+            {
+                wrappedBand.Items = [_nowDockBand!];
+            }
+        });
+
+        wrappedBand = new WrappedDockItem(
+            [_nowDockBand],
+            "com.microsoft.cmdpal.timedate.dockBand",
+            Resources.Microsoft_plugin_timedate_dock_band_title)
+        {
+            Icon = Icons.TimeDateExtIcon,
+        };
+
+        _bandItem = wrappedBand;
+
+        var notificationCenterBand = new NotificationCenterDockBand();
+        _notificationCenterBandItem = new WrappedDockItem(
+            [notificationCenterBand],
+            "com.microsoft.cmdpal.timedate.notificationCenterBand",
+            Resources.timedate_notification_center_band_title)
+        {
+            Icon = Icons.NotificationCenterIcon,
+        };
     }
 
     private string GetTranslatedPluginDescription()
@@ -56,97 +90,20 @@ public sealed partial class TimeDateCommandsProvider : CommandProvider
 
     public override ICommandItem[] GetDockBands()
     {
-        var clockBand = new WrappedDockItem(
-            [_bandItem],
-            "com.microsoft.cmdpal.timedate.dockBand",
-            Resources.Microsoft_plugin_timedate_dock_band_title)
-        {
-            Icon = Icons.TimeDateExtIcon,
-        };
+        return [_bandItem, _notificationCenterBandItem];
+    }
 
-        var notificationBand = new WrappedDockItem(
-            [_notificationCenterBandItem],
-            "com.microsoft.cmdpal.timedate.notificationCenterBand",
-            Resources.timedate_notification_center_band_title)
-        {
-            Icon = Icons.NotificationCenterIcon,
-        };
-
-        return new ICommandItem[] { clockBand, notificationBand };
+    public override void Dispose()
+    {
+        _nowDockBand?.Dispose();
+        _nowDockBand = null;
+        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+        base.Dispose();
     }
 }
+
 #pragma warning disable SA1402 // File may only contain a single type
 
-internal sealed partial class NowDockBand : ListItem
-{
-    private static readonly TimeSpan UpdateInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60);
-    private CopyTextCommand _copyTimeCommand;
-    private CopyTextCommand _copyDateCommand;
-
-    public NowDockBand()
-    {
-        // Open Notification Center on click
-        Command = new OpenUrlCommand("ms-actioncenter:") { Id = "com.microsoft.cmdpal.timedate.dockBand", Name = Resources.timedate_show_notification_center_command_name, Result = CommandResult.Dismiss(), Icon = null };
-        _copyTimeCommand = new CopyTextCommand(string.Empty) { Name = Resources.timedate_copy_time_command_name };
-        _copyDateCommand = new CopyTextCommand(string.Empty) { Name = Resources.timedate_copy_date_command_name };
-        MoreCommands = [
-            new CommandContextItem(_copyTimeCommand),
-            new CommandContextItem(_copyDateCommand)
-        ];
-        UpdateText();
-
-        // Create a timer to update the time every minute
-        System.Timers.Timer timer = new(UpdateInterval.TotalMilliseconds);
-
-        // but we want it to tick on the minute, so calculate the initial delay
-        var now = DateTime.Now;
-        timer.Interval = UpdateInterval.TotalMilliseconds - ((now.Second * 1000) + now.Millisecond);
-
-        // then after the first tick, set it to 60 seconds
-        timer.Elapsed += Timer_ElapsedFirst;
-        timer.Start();
-    }
-
-    private void Timer_ElapsedFirst(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
-    {
-        // After the first tick, set the interval to 60 seconds
-        if (sender is System.Timers.Timer timer)
-        {
-            timer.Interval = UpdateInterval.TotalMilliseconds;
-            timer.Elapsed -= Timer_ElapsedFirst;
-            timer.Elapsed += Timer_Elapsed;
-
-            // Still call the callback, so that we update the clock
-            Timer_Elapsed(sender, e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void Timer_Elapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
-    {
-        UpdateText();
-    }
-
-    private void UpdateText()
-    {
-        var timeExtended = false; // timeLongFormat ?? settings.TimeWithSecond;
-        var dateExtended = false; // dateLongFormat ?? settings.DateWithWeekday;
-        var dateTimeNow = DateTime.Now;
-
-        var timeString = dateTimeNow.ToString(
-            TimeAndDateHelper.GetStringFormat(FormatStringType.Time, timeExtended, dateExtended),
-            CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
-        var dateString = dateTimeNow.ToString(
-            TimeAndDateHelper.GetStringFormat(FormatStringType.Date, timeExtended, dateExtended),
-            CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
-
-        Title = timeString;
-        Subtitle = dateString;
-
-        _copyDateCommand.Text = dateString;
-        _copyTimeCommand.Text = timeString;
-    }
-}
-
 internal sealed partial class NotificationCenterDockBand : ListItem
 {
     public NotificationCenterDockBand()