fix ruler

Comment out the ScreenResolutionUtility task for non-arm64 platforms.

.github/actions/spell-check/expect.txt

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ ADMINS
 adml
 admx
 advancedpaste
+advancedpasteui
+advancedpasteuishortcut
 advfirewall
 AFeature
 affordances
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ ALLINPUT
 Allman
 Allmodule
 ALLOWUNDO
+allpc
 ALLVIEW
 ALPHATYPE
 AModifier
@@ -629,6 +632,7 @@ HKCU
 hkey
 HKLM
 HKM
+hkmng
 HKPD
 HKU
 HMD
@@ -646,7 +650,11 @@ Hostx
 hotfixes
 hotkeycontrol
 HOTKEYF
+hotkeylockmachine
+hotkeyreconnect
 hotkeys
+hotkeyswitch
+hotkeytoggleeasymouse
 hotlight
 hotspot
 HPAINTBUFFER
@@ -704,9 +712,12 @@ IMAGERESIZERCONTEXTMENU
 IMAGERESIZEREXT
 imageresizerinput
 imageresizersettings
+imagetotext
+imagetotextshortcut
 imagingdevices
 ime
 imgflip
+inapp
 inbox
 INCONTACT
 Indo
@@ -760,6 +771,7 @@ istep
 ith
 ITHUMBNAIL
 IUI
+IUWP
 IWIC
 jfif
 jgeosdfsdsgmkedfgdfgdfgbkmhcgcflmi
@@ -789,6 +801,7 @@ keyvault
 KILLFOCUS
 killrunner
 kmph
+kvp
 Kybd
 lastcodeanalysissucceeded
 LASTEXITCODE
@@ -827,6 +840,7 @@ localappdata
 localpackage
 LOCALSYSTEM
 LOCATIONCHANGE
+LOCKMACHINE
 LOCKTYPE
 LOGFONT
 LOGFONTW
@@ -912,6 +926,7 @@ MDL
 mdtext
 mdtxt
 mdwn
+measuretool
 meme
 memicmp
 MENUITEMINFO
@@ -961,6 +976,7 @@ MOUSEHWHEEL
 MOUSEINPUT
 mousejump
 mousepointer
+mousepointercrosshairs
 mouseutils
 MOVESIZEEND
 MOVESIZESTART
@@ -1161,6 +1177,18 @@ PARENTRELATIVEFORADDRESSBAR
 PARENTRELATIVEPARSING
 parray
 PARTIALCONFIRMATIONDIALOGTITLE
+pasteashtmlfile
+pasteashtmlfileshortcut
+pasteasjson
+pasteasjsonshortcut
+pasteasmarkdown
+pasteasmarkdownshortcut
+pasteasplaintext
+pasteasplaintextshortcut
+pasteaspngfile
+pasteaspngfileshortcut
+pasteastxtfile
+pasteastxtfileshortcut
 PATCOPY
 PATHMUSTEXIST
 PATINVERT
@@ -1228,6 +1256,7 @@ Pomodoro
 Popups
 POPUPWINDOW
 POSITIONITEM
+powerocr
 POWERRENAMECONTEXTMENU
 powerrenameinput
 POWERRENAMETEST
@@ -1368,6 +1397,7 @@ Removelnk
 renamable
 RENAMEONCOLLISION
 reparented
+reparenthotkey
 reparenting
 reportfileaccesses
 requery
@@ -1617,6 +1647,7 @@ STYLECHANGED
 STYLECHANGING
 subkeys
 sublang
+Subdomain
 SUBMODULEUPDATE
 subresource
 Superbar
@@ -1687,6 +1718,7 @@ THH
 THICKFRAME
 THISCOMPONENT
 throughs
+thumbnailhotkey
 TILEDWINDOW
 TILLSON
 timedate
@@ -1701,6 +1733,7 @@ tlb
 tlbimp
 tlc
 TNP
+TOGGLEEASYMOUSE
 Toolhelp
 toolkitconverters
 toolwindow
@@ -1714,6 +1747,7 @@ tracelogging
 tracerpt
 trackbar
 trafficmanager
+transcodetomp
 transicc
 TRAYMOUSEMESSAGE
 triaging

.pipelines/v2/templates/job-test-project.yml

@@ -147,10 +147,10 @@ jobs:
           & "$(build.sourcesdirectory)\.pipelines\installPowerToys.ps1" -InstallMode "Machine"
         displayName: Install PowerToys (Machine-Level)
 
-  - ${{ if ne(parameters.platform, 'arm64') }}:
-    - task: ScreenResolutionUtility@1
-      inputs:
-        displaySettings: 'optimal'
+  # - ${{ if ne(parameters.platform, 'arm64') }}:
+  #   - task: ScreenResolutionUtility@1
+  #     inputs:
+  #       displaySettings: 'optimal'
 
   - ${{ if eq(length(parameters.uiTestModules), 0) }}:
     - task: VSTest@3

PowerToys.sln

@@ -788,6 +788,14 @@ Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Window
 EndProject
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.UnitTestBase", "src\modules\cmdpal\Tests\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.UnitTestsBase\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.UnitTestBase.csproj", "{00D8659C-2068-40B6-8B86-759CD6284BBB}"
 EndProject
+Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "Tests", "Tests", "{E11826E1-76DF-42AC-985C-164CC2EE57A1}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "ScreenRuler.UITests", "src\modules\MeasureTool\Tests\ScreenRuler.UITests\ScreenRuler.UITests.csproj", "{66C069F8-C548-4CA6-8CDE-239104D68E88}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests", "src\modules\cmdpal\Tests\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests.csproj", "{E816D7B1-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3830}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests", "src\modules\cmdpal\Tests\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests.csproj", "{E816D7B3-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3832}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|ARM64 = Debug|ARM64
@@ -2850,6 +2858,22 @@ Global
 		{00D8659C-2068-40B6-8B86-759CD6284BBB}.Release|ARM64.Build.0 = Release|ARM64
 		{00D8659C-2068-40B6-8B86-759CD6284BBB}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 		{00D8659C-2068-40B6-8B86-759CD6284BBB}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{E816D7B1-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3830}.Debug|ARM64.ActiveCfg = Debug|ARM64
+		{E816D7B1-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3830}.Debug|ARM64.Build.0 = Debug|ARM64
+		{E816D7B1-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3830}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{E816D7B1-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3830}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{E816D7B1-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3830}.Release|ARM64.ActiveCfg = Release|ARM64
+		{E816D7B1-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3830}.Release|ARM64.Build.0 = Release|ARM64
+		{E816D7B1-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3830}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{E816D7B1-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3830}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{E816D7B3-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3832}.Debug|ARM64.ActiveCfg = Debug|ARM64
+		{E816D7B3-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3832}.Debug|ARM64.Build.0 = Debug|ARM64
+		{E816D7B3-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3832}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{E816D7B3-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3832}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{E816D7B3-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3832}.Release|ARM64.ActiveCfg = Release|ARM64
+		{E816D7B3-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3832}.Release|ARM64.Build.0 = Release|ARM64
+		{E816D7B3-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3832}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{E816D7B3-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3832}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
 		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
@@ -3161,6 +3185,8 @@ Global
 		{E816D7AF-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3828} = {8EF25507-2575-4ADE-BF7E-D23376903AB8}
 		{E816D7B0-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3829} = {8EF25507-2575-4ADE-BF7E-D23376903AB8}
 		{00D8659C-2068-40B6-8B86-759CD6284BBB} = {8EF25507-2575-4ADE-BF7E-D23376903AB8}
+		{E816D7B1-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3830} = {8EF25507-2575-4ADE-BF7E-D23376903AB8}
+		{E816D7B3-4688-4ECB-97CC-3D8E798F3832} = {8EF25507-2575-4ADE-BF7E-D23376903AB8}
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
 		SolutionGuid = {C3A2F9D1-7930-4EF4-A6FC-7EE0A99821D0}

doc/devdocs/core/settings/settings-implementation.md

@@ -71,6 +71,41 @@ When the user changes settings in the UI:
 3. The runner calls the `set_config` function on the appropriate module
 4. The module parses the JSON and applies the new settings
 
+# Shortcut Conflict Detection
+
+Steps to enable conflict detection for a hotkey:
+
+### 1. Implement module interface for hotkeys
+Ensure the module interface provides either `size_t get_hotkeys(Hotkey* hotkeys, size_t buffer_size)` or `std::optional<HotkeyEx> GetHotkeyEx()`.
+
+- If not yet implemented, you need to add it so that it returns all hotkeys used by the module.
+- **Important**: The order of the returned hotkeys matters. This order is used as an index to uniquely identify each hotkey for conflict detection and lookup.
+- For reference, see: `src/modules/AdvancedPaste/AdvancedPasteModuleInterface/dllmain.cpp`
+
+### 2. Implement IHotkeyConfig in the module settings (UI side)
+Make sure the module’s settings file inherits from `IHotkeyConfig` and implements `HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()`.
+
+- This method should return all hotkeys used in the module.
+- **Important**: The order of the returned hotkeys must be consistent with step 1 (`get_hotkeys()` or `GetHotkeyEx()`).
+- For reference, see: `src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/AdvancedPasteSettings.cs`
+- **_Note:_** `HotkeyAccessor` is a wrapper around HotkeySettings. 
+It provides both `getter` and `setter` methods to read and update the corresponding hotkey.
+Additionally, each `HotkeyAccessor` requires a resource string that describes the purpose of the hotkey.
+This string is typically defined in: `src/settings-ui/Settings.UI/Strings/en-us/Resources.resw`
+
+### 3. Update the module’s ViewModel
+The corresponding ViewModel should inherit from `PageViewModelBase` and implement `Dictionary<string, HotkeySettings[]> GetAllHotkeySettings()`.
+
+- This method should return all hotkeys, maintaining the same order as in steps 1 and 2.
+- For reference, see: `src/settings-ui/Settings.UI/ViewModels/AdvancedPasteViewModel.cs`
+
+### 4. Ensure the module’s Views call `OnPageLoaded()`
+Once the module’s view is loaded, make sure to invoke the ViewModel’s `OnPageLoaded()` method:
+```cs
+Loaded += (s, e) => ViewModel.OnPageLoaded();
+```
+- For reference, see: `src/settings-ui/Settings.UI/SettingsXAML/Views/AdvancedPaste.xaml.cs`
+
 ## Debugging Settings
 
 To debug settings issues:

doc/devdocs/development/debugging.md

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ You can build the entire solution from the command line, which is sometimes fast
 1. Open Developer Command Prompt for VS 2022
 2. Navigate to the repository root directory
 3. Run the following command(don't forget to set the correct platform):
-   ```
-   msbuild -restore -p:RestorePackagesConfig=true -p:Platform=ARM64 -m PowerToys.sln
+   ```pwsh
+   msbuild -restore -p:RestorePackagesConfig=true -p:Platform=ARM64 -m PowerToys.sln /tl /p:NuGetInteractive="true"
    ```
 4. This process should complete in approximately 13-14 minutes for a full build
 

src/common/UITestAutomation/ModuleConfigData.cs

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.UITest
         Workspaces,
         PowerRename,
         CommandPalette,
+        ScreenRuler,
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.UITest
                 [PowerToysModule.Workspaces] = new ModuleInfo("PowerToys.WorkspacesEditor.exe", "Workspaces Editor"),
                 [PowerToysModule.PowerRename] = new ModuleInfo("PowerToys.PowerRename.exe", "PowerRename", "WinUI3Apps"),
                 [PowerToysModule.CommandPalette] = new ModuleInfo("Microsoft.CmdPal.UI.exe", "PowerToys Command Palette", "WinUI3Apps\\CmdPal"),
+                [PowerToysModule.ScreenRuler] = new ModuleInfo("PowerToys.MeasureToolUI.exe", "PowerToys.ScreenRuler", "WinUI3Apps"),
             };
         }
 

src/modules/AdvancedPaste/AdvancedPasteModuleInterface/dllmain.cpp

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ private:
         return {};
     }
 
-    static Hotkey parse_single_hotkey(const winrt::Windows::Data::Json::JsonObject& jsonHotkeyObject)
+    static Hotkey parse_single_hotkey(const winrt::Windows::Data::Json::JsonObject& jsonHotkeyObject, bool isShown = true)
     {
         try
         {
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ private:
             hotkey.shift = jsonHotkeyObject.GetNamedBoolean(JSON_KEY_SHIFT);
             hotkey.ctrl = jsonHotkeyObject.GetNamedBoolean(JSON_KEY_CTRL);
             hotkey.key = static_cast<unsigned char>(jsonHotkeyObject.GetNamedNumber(JSON_KEY_CODE));
+            hotkey.isShown = isShown;
             return hotkey;
         }
         catch (...)
@@ -231,8 +232,10 @@ private:
         return false;
     }
 
-    void process_additional_action(const winrt::hstring& actionName, const winrt::Windows::Data::Json::IJsonValue& actionValue)
+    void process_additional_action(const winrt::hstring& actionName, const winrt::Windows::Data::Json::IJsonValue& actionValue, bool actionsGroupIsShown = true)
     {
+        bool actionIsShown = true;
+
         if (actionValue.ValueType() != winrt::Windows::Data::Json::JsonValueType::Object)
         {
             return;
@@ -240,9 +243,9 @@ private:
 
         const auto action = actionValue.GetObjectW();
 
-        if (!action.GetNamedBoolean(JSON_KEY_IS_SHOWN, false))
+        if (!action.GetNamedBoolean(JSON_KEY_IS_SHOWN, false) || !actionsGroupIsShown)
         {
-            return;
+            actionIsShown = false;
         }
 
         if (action.HasKey(JSON_KEY_SHORTCUT))
@@ -250,7 +253,7 @@ private:
             const AdditionalAction additionalAction
             {
                 actionName.c_str(),
-                parse_single_hotkey(action.GetNamedObject(JSON_KEY_SHORTCUT))
+                parse_single_hotkey(action.GetNamedObject(JSON_KEY_SHORTCUT), actionIsShown)
             };
 
             m_additional_actions.push_back(additionalAction);
@@ -259,12 +262,12 @@ private:
         {
             for (const auto& [subActionName, subAction] : action)
             {
-                process_additional_action(subActionName, subAction);
+                process_additional_action(subActionName, subAction, actionIsShown);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    void read_settings(PowerToysSettings::PowerToyValues& settings)
+        void read_settings(PowerToysSettings::PowerToyValues& settings)
     {
         const auto settingsObject = settings.get_raw_json();
 
@@ -317,9 +320,21 @@ private:
                     {
                         const auto additionalActions = propertiesObject.GetNamedObject(JSON_KEY_ADDITIONAL_ACTIONS);
 
-                        for (const auto& [actionName, additionalAction] : additionalActions)
+                        // Define the expected order to ensure consistent hotkey ID assignment
+                        const std::vector<winrt::hstring> expectedOrder = {
+                            L"image-to-text",
+                            L"paste-as-file",
+                            L"transcode"
+                        };
+
+                        // Process actions in the predefined order
+                        for (auto& actionKey : expectedOrder)
                         {
-                            process_additional_action(actionName, additionalAction);
+                            if (additionalActions.HasKey(actionKey))
+                            {
+                                const auto actionValue = additionalActions.GetNamedValue(actionKey);
+                                process_additional_action(actionKey, actionValue);
+                            }
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -331,17 +346,14 @@ private:
                             for (const auto& customAction : customActions)
                             {
                                 const auto object = customAction.GetObjectW();
+                                bool actionIsShown = object.GetNamedBoolean(JSON_KEY_IS_SHOWN, false);
 
-                                if (object.GetNamedBoolean(JSON_KEY_IS_SHOWN, false))
-                                {
-                                    const CustomAction customActionData
-                                    {
-                                        static_cast<int>(object.GetNamedNumber(JSON_KEY_ID)),
-                                        parse_single_hotkey(object.GetNamedObject(JSON_KEY_SHORTCUT))
-                                    };
+                                const CustomAction customActionData{
+                                    static_cast<int>(object.GetNamedNumber(JSON_KEY_ID)),
+                                    parse_single_hotkey(object.GetNamedObject(JSON_KEY_SHORTCUT), actionIsShown)
+                                };
 
-                                    m_custom_actions.push_back(customActionData);
-                                }
+                                m_custom_actions.push_back(customActionData);
                             }
                         }
                     }

src/modules/MeasureTool/MeasureToolCore/ToolState.h

@@ -31,7 +31,11 @@ struct CommonState
 
     Measurement::Unit units = Measurement::Unit::Pixel;
 
-    POINT cursorPosSystemSpace = {}; // updated atomically
+    #pragma warning(push)
+    #pragma warning(disable : 4324)
+    alignas(8) POINT cursorPosSystemSpace = {}; // updated atomically
+    #pragma warning(pop)
+    
     std::atomic_bool closeOnOtherMonitors = false;
 
     float GetPhysicalPx2MmRatio(HWND window) const

src/modules/MeasureTool/MeasureToolUI/MeasureToolXAML/MainWindow.xaml

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
     xmlns:winuiex="using:WinUIEx"
+    Title="PowerToys.ScreenRuler"
     IsAlwaysOnTop="True"
     IsMaximizable="False"
     IsMinimizable="False"
@@ -250,6 +251,7 @@
             <ToggleButton
                 Name="btnBounds"
                 x:Uid="BtnBounds"
+                AutomationProperties.AutomationId="Button_Bounds"
                 Click="BoundsTool_Click"
                 Content="&#xEF20;"
                 KeyboardAcceleratorPlacementMode="Auto"
@@ -267,6 +269,7 @@
             <ToggleButton
                 Name="btnSpacing"
                 x:Uid="BtnSpacing"
+                AutomationProperties.AutomationId="Button_Spacing"
                 Click="MeasureTool_Click"
                 Style="{StaticResource ToggleButtonRadioButtonStyle}">
                 <ToolTipService.ToolTip>
@@ -284,6 +287,7 @@
             <ToggleButton
                 Name="btnHorizontalSpacing"
                 x:Uid="BtnHorizontalSpacing"
+                AutomationProperties.AutomationId="Button_SpacingHorizontal"
                 Click="HorizontalMeasureTool_Click"
                 Style="{StaticResource ToggleButtonRadioButtonStyle}">
                 <ToolTipService.ToolTip>
@@ -304,6 +308,7 @@
             <ToggleButton
                 Name="btnVerticalSpacing"
                 x:Uid="BtnVerticalSpacing"
+                AutomationProperties.AutomationId="Button_SpacingVertical"
                 Click="VerticalMeasureTool_Click"
                 Style="{StaticResource ToggleButtonRadioButtonStyle}">
                 <ToolTipService.ToolTip>
@@ -324,6 +329,7 @@
             <AppBarSeparator />
             <Button
                 x:Uid="BtnClosePanel"
+                AutomationProperties.AutomationId="Button_Close"
                 Click="ClosePanelTool_Click"
                 Content="&#xE8BB;"
                 Foreground="{StaticResource CloseButtonBackgroundPointerOver}">

src/modules/MeasureTool/Tests/ScreenRuler.UITests/Package.appxmanifest

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+
+<Package
+  xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/foundation/windows10"
+  xmlns:mp="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/2014/phone/manifest"
+  xmlns:uap="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/uap/windows10"
+  xmlns:rescap="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/foundation/windows10/restrictedcapabilities"
+  IgnorableNamespaces="uap rescap">
+
+  <Identity
+    Name="d4d0f157-5c12-4390-9689-152b0c86a582"
+    Publisher="CN=gkhmyznikov"
+    Version="1.0.0.0" />
+
+  <mp:PhoneIdentity PhoneProductId="d4d0f157-5c12-4390-9689-152b0c86a582" PhonePublisherId="00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"/>
+
+  <Properties>
+    <DisplayName>ScreenRuler.UITests</DisplayName>
+    <PublisherDisplayName>gkhmyznikov</PublisherDisplayName>
+    <Logo>Assets\StoreLogo.png</Logo>
+  </Properties>
+
+  <Dependencies>
+    <TargetDeviceFamily Name="Windows.Universal" MinVersion="10.0.17763.0" MaxVersionTested="10.0.19041.0" />
+    <TargetDeviceFamily Name="Windows.Desktop" MinVersion="10.0.17763.0" MaxVersionTested="10.0.19041.0" />
+  </Dependencies>
+
+  <Resources>
+    <Resource Language="x-generate"/>
+  </Resources>
+
+  <Applications>
+    <Application Id="App"
+      Executable="$targetnametoken$.exe"
+      EntryPoint="$targetentrypoint$">
+      <uap:VisualElements
+        DisplayName="ScreenRuler.UITests"
+        Description="ScreenRuler.UITests"
+        BackgroundColor="transparent"
+        Square150x150Logo="Assets\Square150x150Logo.png"
+        Square44x44Logo="Assets\Square44x44Logo.png">
+        <uap:DefaultTile Wide310x150Logo="Assets\Wide310x150Logo.png" />
+        <uap:SplashScreen Image="Assets\SplashScreen.png" />
+      </uap:VisualElements>
+    </Application>
+  </Applications>
+
+  <Capabilities>
+    <rescap:Capability Name="runFullTrust" />
+  </Capabilities>
+</Package>

src/modules/MeasureTool/Tests/ScreenRuler.UITests/ScreenRuler.UITests.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <Import Project="..\..\..\..\Common.Dotnet.CsWinRT.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+	  <RootNamespace>PowerToys.ScreenRuler.UITests</RootNamespace>
+	  <AssemblyName>ScreenRuler.UITests</AssemblyName>
+	  <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+	  <IsTestProject>true</IsTestProject>
+	  <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+	  <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+
+	  <!-- This is a UI test, so don't run as part of MSBuild -->
+	  <RunVSTest>false</RunVSTest>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+	  <OutputPath>$(SolutionDir)$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\tests\ScreenRuler.UITests\</OutputPath>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+	  <PackageReference Include="MSTest" />
+	  <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\common\UITestAutomation\UITestAutomation.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
+ 

src/modules/MeasureTool/Tests/ScreenRuler.UITests/TestBounds.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.UITest;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace ScreenRuler.UITests
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class TestBounds : UITestBase
+    {
+        public TestBounds()
+            : base(PowerToysModule.PowerToysSettings, WindowSize.Large)
+        {
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod("ScreenRuler.BoundsTool")]
+        [TestCategory("Spacing")]
+        public void TestScreenRulerBoundsTool()
+        {
+            TestHelper.InitializeTest(this, "bounds test");
+            TestHelper.PerformBoundsToolTest(this);
+            TestHelper.CleanupTest(this);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/modules/MeasureTool/Tests/ScreenRuler.UITests/TestHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.UITest;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace ScreenRuler.UITests
+{
+    public static class TestHelper
+    {
+        private static readonly string[] ShortcutSeparators = { " + ", "+", " " };
+
+        // Button automation names from Resources.resw
+        public const string BoundsButtonId = "Button_Bounds";
+        public const string SpacingButtonName = "Button_Spacing";
+        public const string HorizontalSpacingButtonName = "Button_SpacingHorizontal";
+        public const string VerticalSpacingButtonName = "Button_SpacingVertical";
+        public const string CloseButtonId = "Button_Close";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs common test initialization: navigate to settings, enable toggle, verify shortcut
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="testBase">The test base instance</param>
+        /// <param name="testName">Name of the test for assertions</param>
+        /// <returns>The activation keys for the test</returns>
+        public static Key[] InitializeTest(UITestBase testBase, string testName)
+        {
+            LaunchFromSetting(testBase);
+
+            var toggleSwitch = SetScreenRulerToggle(testBase, enable: true);
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                toggleSwitch.IsOn,
+                $"Screen Ruler toggle switch should be ON for {testName}");
+
+            var activationKeys = ReadActivationShortcut(testBase);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(activationKeys, "Should be able to read activation shortcut");
+            Assert.IsTrue(activationKeys.Length > 0, "Activation shortcut should contain at least one key");
+
+            return activationKeys;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Performs common test cleanup: close ScreenRuler UI
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="testBase">The test base instance</param>
+        public static void CleanupTest(UITestBase testBase)
+        {
+            CloseScreenRulerUI(testBase);
+
+            // Ensure we're attached to settings after cleanup
+            try
+            {
+                testBase.Session.Attach(PowerToysModule.PowerToysSettings);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Ignore attachment errors - this is just cleanup
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Navigate to the Screen Ruler (Measure Tool) settings page
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void LaunchFromSetting(UITestBase testBase)
+        {
+            var screenRulers = testBase.Session.FindAll<NavigationViewItem>(By.AccessibilityId("Shell_Nav_ScreenRuler"));
+
+            if (screenRulers.Count == 0)
+            {
+                testBase.Session.Find<NavigationViewItem>(By.AccessibilityId("Shell_Nav_TopLevelSystemTools"), 5000).Click(msPostAction: 500);
+            }
+
+            testBase.Session.Find<NavigationViewItem>(By.AccessibilityId("Shell_Nav_ScreenRuler"), 5000).Click(msPostAction: 500);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set the Screen Ruler toggle switch to the specified state
+        /// </summary>
+        public static ToggleSwitch SetScreenRulerToggle(UITestBase testBase, bool enable)
+        {
+            var toggleSwitch = testBase.Session.Find<ToggleSwitch>(By.AccessibilityId("Toggle_ScreenRuler"), 5000);
+
+            if (toggleSwitch.IsOn != enable)
+            {
+                toggleSwitch.Click(msPreAction: 1000, msPostAction: 2000);
+            }
+
+            if (toggleSwitch.IsOn != enable)
+            {
+                testBase.Session.SendKey(Key.Space, msPreAction: 0, msPostAction: 2000);
+            }
+
+            return toggleSwitch;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set the Screen Ruler toggle and verify its state
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="testBase">The test base instance</param>
+        /// <param name="enable">True to enable, false to disable</param>
+        /// <param name="testName">Name of the test for assertion messages</param>
+        public static void SetAndVerifyScreenRulerToggle(UITestBase testBase, bool enable, string testName)
+        {
+            var toggleSwitch = SetScreenRulerToggle(testBase, enable);
+            Assert.AreEqual(
+                enable,
+                toggleSwitch.IsOn,
+                $"Screen Ruler toggle switch should be {(enable ? "ON" : "OFF")} for {testName}");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Read the current activation shortcut from the ShortcutControl
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Key[] ReadActivationShortcut(UITestBase testBase)
+        {
+            var shortcutCard = testBase.Session.Find<Element>(By.AccessibilityId("Shortcut_ScreenRuler"), 5000);
+            var shortcutButton = shortcutCard.Find<Element>(By.AccessibilityId("EditButton"), 5000);
+            return ParseShortcutText(shortcutButton.HelpText);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parse shortcut text like "Win + Ctrl + Shift + M" into Key array
+        /// </summary>
+        private static Key[] ParseShortcutText(string shortcutText)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(shortcutText))
+            {
+                return new Key[] { Key.Win, Key.Ctrl, Key.Shift, Key.M };
+            }
+
+            var keys = new List<Key>();
+            var parts = shortcutText.Split(ShortcutSeparators, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
+
+            foreach (var part in parts)
+            {
+                var cleanPart = part.Trim().ToLowerInvariant();
+                var key = cleanPart switch
+                {
+                    "win" or "windows" => Key.Win,
+                    "ctrl" or "control" => Key.Ctrl,
+                    "shift" => Key.Shift,
+                    "alt" => Key.Alt,
+                    _ when cleanPart.Length == 1 && char.IsLetter(cleanPart[0]) &&
+                         cleanPart[0] >= 'a' && cleanPart[0] <= 'z' =>
+                        (Key)Enum.Parse(typeof(Key), cleanPart.ToUpperInvariant()),
+                    _ => (Key?)null,
+                };
+
+                if (key.HasValue)
+                {
+                    keys.Add(key.Value);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return keys.Count > 0 ? keys.ToArray() : new Key[] { Key.Win, Key.Ctrl, Key.Shift, Key.M };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check if ScreenRulerUI window is open
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsScreenRulerUIOpen(UITestBase testBase) => testBase.IsWindowOpen("PowerToys.ScreenRuler");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Wait for ScreenRulerUI to reach the specified state within the timeout
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool WaitForScreenRulerUIState(UITestBase testBase, bool shouldBeOpen, int timeoutMs = 5000, int pollingIntervalMs = 100)
+        {
+            var endTime = DateTime.Now.AddMilliseconds(timeoutMs);
+
+            while (DateTime.Now < endTime)
+            {
+                if (IsScreenRulerUIOpen(testBase) == shouldBeOpen)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                Task.Delay(pollingIntervalMs).Wait();
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Wait for ScreenRulerUI to appear within the specified timeout
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool WaitForScreenRulerUI(UITestBase testBase, int timeoutMs = 5000) =>
+            WaitForScreenRulerUIState(testBase, shouldBeOpen: true, timeoutMs);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Wait for ScreenRulerUI to disappear within the specified timeout
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool WaitForScreenRulerUIToDisappear(UITestBase testBase, int timeoutMs = 5000) =>
+            WaitForScreenRulerUIState(testBase, shouldBeOpen: false, timeoutMs);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Close ScreenRulerUI if it's open
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void CloseScreenRulerUI(UITestBase testBase)
+        {
+            if (IsScreenRulerUIOpen(testBase))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    // Attach to ScreenRuler window before trying to find and click close button
+                    testBase.Session.Attach(PowerToysModule.ScreenRuler);
+                    var closeButton = testBase.Session.Find<Element>(By.AccessibilityId(CloseButtonId), 15000, true);
+                    closeButton?.Click();
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // If we can't find the close button, ignore - the window might have closed already
+                }
+                finally
+                {
+                    // Attach back to settings after closing
+                    try
+                    {
+                        testBase.Session.Attach(PowerToysModule.PowerToysSettings);
+                    }
+                    catch
+                    {
+                        // Ignore attachment errors
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get a specific ScreenRulerUI button by its automation name
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Element? GetScreenRulerButton(UITestBase testBase, string buttonName, int timeoutMs = 1000)
+        {
+            return testBase.Session.Find<Element>(By.AccessibilityId(buttonName), timeoutMs, true);
+
+            /*
+            try
+            {
+                // Attach to ScreenRuler window before trying to find buttons
+                testBase.Session.Attach(PowerToysModule.ScreenRuler);
+                return testBase.Session.Find<Element>(By.AccessibilityId(buttonName), timeoutMs, true);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                // Attach back to settings if needed for further operations
+                // This ensures we don't break the test flow
+                try
+                {
+                    testBase.Session.Attach(PowerToysModule.PowerToysSettings);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // Ignore attachment errors - the calling code will handle as needed
+                }
+            }
+            */
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clear the clipboard content using STA thread
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void ClearClipboard()
+        {
+            ExecuteInSTAThread(() => System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard.Clear());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get text content from clipboard using STA thread
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string GetClipboardText()
+        {
+            string result = string.Empty;
+            ExecuteInSTAThread(() =>
+            {
+                if (System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard.ContainsText())
+                {
+                    result = System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard.GetText();
+                }
+            });
+            return result ?? string.Empty;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Execute an action in an STA thread with error handling
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void ExecuteInSTAThread(Action action)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var staThread = new Thread(() =>
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        action();
+                    }
+                    catch
+                    {
+                        // Ignore clipboard errors
+                    }
+                });
+
+                staThread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
+                staThread.Start();
+                staThread.Join(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Ignore clipboard errors
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Validate clipboard content contains valid spacing measurement for the specified type
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool ValidateSpacingClipboardContent(string clipboardText, string spacingType)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(clipboardText))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return spacingType switch
+            {
+                "Spacing" => Regex.IsMatch(clipboardText, @"\d+\s*[<5B>x]\s*\d+"),
+                "Horizontal Spacing" or "Vertical Spacing" => Regex.IsMatch(clipboardText, @"^\d+$"),
+                _ => false,
+            };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Perform a complete spacing tool test operation
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void PerformSpacingToolTest(UITestBase testBase, string buttonId, string testName)
+        {
+            ClearClipboard();
+
+            // Launch ScreenRuler UI
+            var activationKeys = ReadActivationShortcut(testBase);
+            testBase.SendKeys(activationKeys);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                WaitForScreenRulerUI(testBase, 2000),
+                $"ScreenRulerUI should appear after pressing activation shortcut for {testName}: {string.Join(" + ", activationKeys)}");
+
+            // Attach to ScreenRuler window and click spacing button
+            // testBase.Session.Attach(PowerToysModule.ScreenRuler);
+            var spacingButton = testBase.Session.Find<Element>(By.AccessibilityId(buttonId), 15000, true);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(spacingButton, $"{testName} button should be found");
+
+            spacingButton!.Click();
+            Task.Delay(500).Wait();
+
+            // Perform measurement action (stay attached to ScreenRuler for this)
+            PerformMeasurementAction(testBase);
+
+            // Validate results
+            ValidateClipboardResults(testName);
+
+            // Cleanup - this will handle session attachment properly
+            CloseScreenRulerUI(testBase);
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                WaitForScreenRulerUIToDisappear(testBase, 2000),
+                $"{testName}: ScreenRulerUI should close after calling CloseScreenRulerUI");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Perform a bounds tool test operation
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void PerformBoundsToolTest(UITestBase testBase)
+        {
+            ClearClipboard();
+
+            var activationKeys = ReadActivationShortcut(testBase);
+            testBase.SendKeys(activationKeys);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                WaitForScreenRulerUI(testBase, 2000),
+                $"ScreenRulerUI should appear after pressing activation shortcut: {string.Join(" + ", activationKeys)}");
+
+            // Attach to ScreenRuler window and click bounds button
+            // testBase.Session.Attach(PowerToysModule.ScreenRuler);
+            var boundsButton = testBase.Session.Find<Element>(By.AccessibilityId(BoundsButtonId), 15000, true);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(boundsButton, "Bounds button should be found");
+
+            boundsButton.Click();
+            Task.Delay(500).Wait();
+
+            // Perform drag operation to create 100x100 box (stay attached to ScreenRuler)
+            var currentPos = testBase.GetMousePosition();
+            int startX = currentPos.Item1;
+            int startY = currentPos.Item2 + 200;
+
+            testBase.MoveMouseTo(startX, startY);
+            Task.Delay(200).Wait();
+
+            // Drag operation
+            testBase.Session.PerformMouseAction(MouseActionType.LeftDown);
+            Task.Delay(100).Wait();
+
+            testBase.MoveMouseTo(startX + 99, startY + 99);
+            Task.Delay(200).Wait();
+
+            testBase.Session.PerformMouseAction(MouseActionType.LeftUp);
+            Task.Delay(500).Wait();
+
+            // Dismiss selection
+            testBase.Session.PerformMouseAction(MouseActionType.RightClick);
+            Task.Delay(500).Wait();
+
+            // Validate results
+            string clipboardText = GetClipboardText();
+            Assert.IsFalse(string.IsNullOrEmpty(clipboardText), "Clipboard should contain measurement data");
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                clipboardText.Contains("100 <20> 100"),
+                $"Clipboard should contain '100 <20> 100', but contained: '{clipboardText}'");
+
+            // Cleanup - this will handle session attachment properly
+            CloseScreenRulerUI(testBase);
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                WaitForScreenRulerUIToDisappear(testBase, 2000),
+                "ScreenRulerUI should close after calling CloseScreenRulerUI");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Perform a measurement action (move mouse and click)
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void PerformMeasurementAction(UITestBase testBase)
+        {
+            var currentPos = testBase.GetMousePosition();
+            int startX = currentPos.Item1;
+            int startY = currentPos.Item2 + 200;
+
+            testBase.MoveMouseTo(startX, startY);
+            Task.Delay(200).Wait();
+
+            testBase.Session.PerformMouseAction(MouseActionType.LeftClick);
+            Task.Delay(500).Wait();
+
+            testBase.Session.PerformMouseAction(MouseActionType.RightClick);
+            Task.Delay(500).Wait();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Validate clipboard results for spacing tests
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void ValidateClipboardResults(string testName)
+        {
+            string clipboardText = GetClipboardText();
+            Assert.IsFalse(string.IsNullOrEmpty(clipboardText), $"{testName}: Clipboard should contain measurement data");
+
+            bool containsValidPattern = ValidateSpacingClipboardContent(clipboardText, testName);
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                containsValidPattern,
+                $"{testName}: Clipboard should contain valid spacing measurement, but contained: '{clipboardText}'");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/modules/MeasureTool/Tests/ScreenRuler.UITests/TestShortcutActivation.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.UITest;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace ScreenRuler.UITests
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class TestShortcutActivation : UITestBase
+    {
+        public TestShortcutActivation()
+            : base(PowerToysModule.PowerToysSettings, WindowSize.Large)
+        {
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod("ScreenRuler.ShortcutActivation")]
+        [TestCategory("Activation")]
+        public void TestScreenRulerShortcutActivation()
+        {
+            var activationKeys = TestHelper.InitializeTest(this, "activation test");
+
+            // Test 1: Press the activation shortcut and verify the toolbar appears
+            SendKeys(activationKeys);
+            bool screenRulerAppeared = TestHelper.WaitForScreenRulerUI(this, 1000);
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                screenRulerAppeared,
+                $"ScreenRulerUI should appear after pressing activation shortcut: {string.Join(" + ", activationKeys)}");
+
+            // Test 2: Press the activation shortcut again and verify the toolbar disappears
+            SendKeys(activationKeys);
+            bool screenRulerDisappeared = TestHelper.WaitForScreenRulerUIToDisappear(this, 1000);
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                screenRulerDisappeared,
+                $"ScreenRulerUI should disappear after pressing activation shortcut again: {string.Join(" + ", activationKeys)}");
+
+            // Test 3: Disable Screen Ruler and verify that the activation shortcut no longer activates the utility
+            // Ensure we're attached to settings UI before toggling
+            Session.Attach(PowerToysModule.PowerToysSettings);
+            TestHelper.SetAndVerifyScreenRulerToggle(this, enable: false, "disabled state test");
+
+            // Try to activate with shortcut while disabled
+            SendKeys(activationKeys);
+            Task.Delay(1000).Wait();
+            Assert.IsFalse(
+                TestHelper.IsScreenRulerUIOpen(this),
+                "ScreenRulerUI should not appear when Screen Ruler is disabled");
+
+            // Test 4: Enable Screen Ruler and press the activation shortcut and verify the toolbar appears
+            // Ensure we're attached to settings UI before toggling
+            Session.Attach(PowerToysModule.PowerToysSettings);
+            TestHelper.SetAndVerifyScreenRulerToggle(this, enable: true, "re-enabled state test");
+
+            SendKeys(activationKeys);
+            screenRulerAppeared = TestHelper.WaitForScreenRulerUI(this, 1000);
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                screenRulerAppeared,
+                $"ScreenRulerUI should appear after re-enabling and pressing activation shortcut: {string.Join(" + ", activationKeys)}");
+
+            // Test 5: Verify the utility can be closed via the cleanup method
+            TestHelper.CloseScreenRulerUI(this);
+            bool screenRulerClosed = TestHelper.WaitForScreenRulerUIToDisappear(this, 1000);
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                screenRulerClosed,
+                "ScreenRulerUI should close after calling CloseScreenRulerUI");
+
+            TestHelper.CleanupTest(this);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/modules/MeasureTool/Tests/ScreenRuler.UITests/TestSpacing.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.UITest;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace ScreenRuler.UITests
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class TestSpacing : UITestBase
+    {
+        public TestSpacing()
+            : base(PowerToysModule.PowerToysSettings, WindowSize.Large)
+        {
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod("ScreenRuler.SpacingTool")]
+        [TestCategory("Spacing")]
+        public void TestScreenRulerSpacingTool()
+        {
+            TestHelper.InitializeTest(this, "spacing test");
+            TestHelper.PerformSpacingToolTest(this, TestHelper.SpacingButtonName, "Spacing");
+            TestHelper.CleanupTest(this);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/modules/MeasureTool/Tests/ScreenRuler.UITests/TestSpacingHorizontal.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.UITest;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace ScreenRuler.UITests
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class TestSpacingHorizontal : UITestBase
+    {
+        public TestSpacingHorizontal()
+            : base(PowerToysModule.PowerToysSettings, WindowSize.Large)
+        {
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod("ScreenRuler.HorizontalSpacingTool")]
+        [TestCategory("Spacing")]
+        public void TestScreenRulerHorizontalSpacingTool()
+        {
+            TestHelper.InitializeTest(this, "horizontal spacing test");
+            TestHelper.PerformSpacingToolTest(this, TestHelper.HorizontalSpacingButtonName, "Horizontal Spacing");
+            TestHelper.CleanupTest(this);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/modules/MeasureTool/Tests/ScreenRuler.UITests/TestSpacingVertical.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.UITest;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace ScreenRuler.UITests
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class TestSpacingVertical : UITestBase
+    {
+        public TestSpacingVertical()
+            : base(PowerToysModule.PowerToysSettings, WindowSize.Large)
+        {
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod("ScreenRuler.VerticalSpacingTool")]
+        [TestCategory("Spacing")]
+        public void TestScreenRulerVerticalSpacingTool()
+        {
+            TestHelper.InitializeTest(this, "vertical spacing test");
+            TestHelper.PerformSpacingToolTest(this, TestHelper.VerticalSpacingButtonName, "Vertical Spacing");
+            TestHelper.CleanupTest(this);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/modules/MeasureTool/Tests/ScreenRuler.UITests/app.manifest

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
+  <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" name="ScreenRuler.UITests.app"/>
+
+  <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
+    <application>
+      <!-- The ID below informs the system that this application is compatible with OS features first introduced in Windows 10. 
+      It is necessary to support features in unpackaged applications, for example the custom titlebar implementation.
+      For more info see https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/apps/windows-app-sdk/use-windows-app-sdk-run-time#declare-os-compatibility-in-your-application-manifest -->
+      <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}" />
+    </application>
+  </compatibility>
+  
+  <application xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+    <windowsSettings>
+      <dpiAwareness xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2016/WindowsSettings">PerMonitorV2</dpiAwareness>
+    </windowsSettings>
+  </application>
+</assembly>

src/modules/MouseWithoutBorders/ModuleInterface/dllmain.cpp

@@ -556,6 +556,61 @@ public:
         return m_enabled;
     }
 
+    virtual size_t get_hotkeys(Hotkey* hotkeys, size_t buffer_size) override
+    {
+        constexpr size_t num_hotkeys = 4; // We have 4 hotkeys
+
+        if (hotkeys && buffer_size >= num_hotkeys)
+        {
+            PowerToysSettings::PowerToyValues values = PowerToysSettings::PowerToyValues::load_from_settings_file(MODULE_NAME);
+
+            // Cache the raw JSON object to avoid multiple parsing
+            json::JsonObject root_json = values.get_raw_json();
+            json::JsonObject properties_json = root_json.GetNamedObject(L"properties", json::JsonObject{});
+
+            size_t hotkey_index = 0;
+
+            // Helper lambda to extract hotkey from JSON properties
+            auto extract_hotkey = [&](const wchar_t* property_name) -> Hotkey {
+                if (properties_json.HasKey(property_name))
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        json::JsonObject hotkey_json = properties_json.GetNamedObject(property_name);
+
+                        // Extract hotkey properties directly from JSON
+                        bool win = hotkey_json.GetNamedBoolean(L"win", false);
+                        bool ctrl = hotkey_json.GetNamedBoolean(L"ctrl", false);
+                        bool alt = hotkey_json.GetNamedBoolean(L"alt", false);
+                        bool shift = hotkey_json.GetNamedBoolean(L"shift", false);
+                        unsigned char key = static_cast<unsigned char>(
+                            hotkey_json.GetNamedNumber(L"code", 0));
+
+                        return { win, ctrl, shift, alt, key };
+                    }
+                    catch (...)
+                    {
+                        // If parsing individual hotkey fails, use defaults
+                        return { false, false, false, false, 0 };
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Property doesn't exist, use defaults
+                    return { false, false, false, false, 0 };
+                }
+            };
+
+            // Extract all hotkeys using the optimized helper
+            hotkeys[hotkey_index++] = extract_hotkey(L"ToggleEasyMouseShortcut"); // [0] Toggle Easy Mouse
+            hotkeys[hotkey_index++] = extract_hotkey(L"LockMachineShortcut");     // [1] Lock Machine
+            hotkeys[hotkey_index++] = extract_hotkey(L"Switch2AllPCShortcut");    // [2] Switch to All PCs
+            hotkeys[hotkey_index++] = extract_hotkey(L"ReconnectShortcut");       // [3] Reconnect
+        }
+
+        return num_hotkeys;
+    }
+
     void launch_add_firewall_process()
     {
         Logger::trace(L"Starting Process to add firewall rule");

src/modules/cmdpal/Microsoft.CmdPal.Core.ViewModels/ListViewModel.cs

@@ -141,6 +141,9 @@ public partial class ListViewModel : PageViewModel, IDisposable
         // see 9806fe5d8 for the last commit that had this with sections
         _isFetching = true;
 
+        // Collect all the items into new viewmodels
+        Collection<ListItemViewModel> newViewModels = [];
+
         try
         {
             // Check for cancellation before starting expensive operations
@@ -151,9 +154,6 @@ public partial class ListViewModel : PageViewModel, IDisposable
             // Check for cancellation after getting items from extension
             cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
 
-            // Collect all the items into new viewmodels
-            Collection<ListItemViewModel> newViewModels = [];
-
             // TODO we can probably further optimize this by also keeping a
             // HashSet of every ExtensionObject we currently have, and only
             // building new viewmodels for the ones we haven't already built.
@@ -187,11 +187,22 @@ public partial class ListViewModel : PageViewModel, IDisposable
             // Check for cancellation before updating the list
             cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
 
+            List<ListItemViewModel> removedItems = [];
             lock (_listLock)
             {
                 // Now that we have new ViewModels for everything from the
                 // extension, smartly update our list of VMs
-                ListHelpers.InPlaceUpdateList(Items, newViewModels);
+                ListHelpers.InPlaceUpdateList(Items, newViewModels, out removedItems);
+
+                // DO NOT ThrowIfCancellationRequested AFTER THIS! If you do,
+                // you'll clean up list items that we've now transferred into
+                // .Items
+            }
+
+            // If we removed items, we need to clean them up, to remove our event handlers
+            foreach (var removedItem in removedItems)
+            {
+                removedItem.SafeCleanup();
             }
 
             // TODO: Iterate over everything in Items, and prune items from the
@@ -200,6 +211,15 @@ public partial class ListViewModel : PageViewModel, IDisposable
         catch (OperationCanceledException)
         {
             // Cancellation is expected, don't treat as error
+
+            // However, if we were cancelled, we didn't actually add these items to
+            // our Items list. Before we release them to the GC, make sure we clean
+            // them up
+            foreach (var vm in newViewModels)
+            {
+                vm.SafeCleanup();
+            }
+
             return;
         }
         catch (Exception ex)

src/modules/cmdpal/Microsoft.CmdPal.UI.ViewModels/ContentFormViewModel.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using AdaptiveCards.ObjectModel.WinUI3;
 using AdaptiveCards.Templating;
@@ -96,109 +97,40 @@ public partial class ContentFormViewModel(IFormContent _form, WeakReference<IPag
         UpdateProperty(nameof(Card));
     }
 
+    [DynamicDependency(DynamicallyAccessedMemberTypes.All, typeof(AdaptiveOpenUrlAction))]
+    [DynamicDependency(DynamicallyAccessedMemberTypes.All, typeof(AdaptiveSubmitAction))]
+    [DynamicDependency(DynamicallyAccessedMemberTypes.All, typeof(AdaptiveExecuteAction))]
     public void HandleSubmit(IAdaptiveActionElement action, JsonObject inputs)
     {
-        // BODGY circa GH #40979
-        // Usually, you're supposed to try to cast the action to a specific
-        // type, and use those objects to get the data you need.
-        // However, there's something weird with AdaptiveCards and the way it
-        // works when we consume it when built in Release, with AOT (and
-        // trimming) enabled. Any sort of `action.As<IAdaptiveSubmitAction>()`
-        // or similar will throw a System.InvalidCastException.
-        //
-        // Instead we have this horror show.
-        //
-        // The `action.ToJson()` blob ACTUALLY CONTAINS THE `type` field, which
-        // we can use to determine what kind of action it is. Then we can parse
-        // the JSON manually based on the type.
-        var actionJson = action.ToJson();
-
-        if (actionJson.TryGetValue("type", out var actionTypeValue))
+        if (action is AdaptiveOpenUrlAction openUrlAction)
         {
-            var actionTypeString = actionTypeValue.GetString();
-            Logger.LogTrace($"atString={actionTypeString}");
-
-            var actionType = actionTypeString switch
-            {
-                "Action.Submit" => ActionType.Submit,
-                "Action.Execute" => ActionType.Execute,
-                "Action.OpenUrl" => ActionType.OpenUrl,
-                _ => ActionType.Unsupported,
-            };
-
-            Logger.LogDebug($"{actionTypeString}->{actionType}");
-
-            switch (actionType)
-            {
-                case ActionType.OpenUrl:
-                    {
-                        HandleOpenUrlAction(action, actionJson);
-                    }
-
-                    break;
-                case ActionType.Submit:
-                case ActionType.Execute:
-                    {
-                        HandleSubmitAction(action, actionJson, inputs);
-                    }
-
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    Logger.LogError($"{actionType} was an unexpected action `type`");
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            Logger.LogError($"actionJson.TryGetValue(type) failed");
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void HandleOpenUrlAction(IAdaptiveActionElement action, JsonObject actionJson)
-    {
-        if (actionJson.TryGetValue("url", out var actionUrlValue))
-        {
-            var actionUrl = actionUrlValue.GetString() ?? string.Empty;
-            if (Uri.TryCreate(actionUrl, default(UriCreationOptions), out var uri))
-            {
-                WeakReferenceMessenger.Default.Send<LaunchUriMessage>(new(uri));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                Logger.LogError($"Failed to produce URI for {actionUrlValue}");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void HandleSubmitAction(
-        IAdaptiveActionElement action,
-        JsonObject actionJson,
-        JsonObject inputs)
-    {
-        var dataString = string.Empty;
-        if (actionJson.TryGetValue("data", out var actionDataValue))
-        {
-            dataString = actionDataValue.Stringify() ?? string.Empty;
+            WeakReferenceMessenger.Default.Send<LaunchUriMessage>(new(openUrlAction.Url));
+            return;
         }
 
-        var inputString = inputs.Stringify();
-        _ = Task.Run(() =>
+        if (action is AdaptiveSubmitAction or AdaptiveExecuteAction)
         {
-            try
+            // Get the data and inputs
+            var dataString = (action as AdaptiveSubmitAction)?.DataJson.Stringify() ?? string.Empty;
+            var inputString = inputs.Stringify();
+
+            _ = Task.Run(() =>
             {
-                var model = _formModel.Unsafe!;
-                if (model != null)
+                try
                 {
-                    var result = model.SubmitForm(inputString, dataString);
-                    Logger.LogDebug($"SubmitForm() returned {result}");
-                    WeakReferenceMessenger.Default.Send<HandleCommandResultMessage>(new(new(result)));
+                    var model = _formModel.Unsafe!;
+                    if (model != null)
+                    {
+                        var result = model.SubmitForm(inputString, dataString);
+                        WeakReferenceMessenger.Default.Send<HandleCommandResultMessage>(new(new(result)));
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-            catch (Exception ex)
-            {
-                ShowException(ex);
-            }
-        });
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    ShowException(ex);
+                }
+            });
+        }
     }
 
     private static readonly string ErrorCardJson = """

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests/AllAppsCommandProviderTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class AllAppsCommandProviderTests : AppsTestBase
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ProviderHasDisplayName()
+    {
+        // Setup
+        var provider = new AllAppsCommandProvider();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(provider.DisplayName);
+        Assert.IsTrue(provider.DisplayName.Length > 0);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ProviderHasIcon()
+    {
+        // Setup
+        var provider = new AllAppsCommandProvider();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(provider.Icon);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void TopLevelCommandsNotEmpty()
+    {
+        // Setup
+        var provider = new AllAppsCommandProvider();
+
+        // Act
+        var commands = provider.TopLevelCommands();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(commands);
+        Assert.IsTrue(commands.Length > 0);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void LookupAppWithEmptyNameReturnsNotNull()
+    {
+        // Setup
+        var mockApp = TestDataHelper.CreateTestWin32Program("Notepad", "C:\\Windows\\System32\\notepad.exe");
+        MockCache.AddWin32Program(mockApp);
+        var page = new AllAppsPage(MockCache);
+
+        var provider = new AllAppsCommandProvider(page);
+
+        // Act
+        var result = provider.LookupApp(string.Empty);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public async Task ProviderWithMockData_LookupApp_ReturnsCorrectApp()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var testApp = TestDataHelper.CreateTestWin32Program("TestApp", "C:\\TestApp.exe");
+        MockCache.AddWin32Program(testApp);
+
+        var provider = new AllAppsCommandProvider(Page);
+
+        // Wait for initialization to complete
+        await WaitForPageInitializationAsync();
+
+        // Act
+        var result = provider.LookupApp("TestApp");
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual("TestApp", result.Title);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public async Task ProviderWithMockData_LookupApp_ReturnsNullForNonExistentApp()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var testApp = TestDataHelper.CreateTestWin32Program("TestApp", "C:\\TestApp.exe");
+        MockCache.AddWin32Program(testApp);
+
+        var provider = new AllAppsCommandProvider(Page);
+
+        // Wait for initialization to complete
+        await WaitForPageInitializationAsync();
+
+        // Act
+        var result = provider.LookupApp("NonExistentApp");
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNull(result);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ProviderWithMockData_TopLevelCommands_IncludesListItem()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var provider = new AllAppsCommandProvider(Page);
+
+        // Act
+        var commands = provider.TopLevelCommands();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(commands);
+        Assert.IsTrue(commands.Length >= 1); // At least the list item should be present
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests/AllAppsPageTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class AllAppsPageTests : AppsTestBase
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void AllAppsPage_Constructor_ThrowsOnNullAppCache()
+    {
+        // Act & Assert
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => new AllAppsPage(null!));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void AllAppsPage_WithMockCache_InitializesSuccessfully()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var mockCache = new MockAppCache();
+
+        // Act
+        var page = new AllAppsPage(mockCache);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(page);
+        Assert.IsNotNull(page.Name);
+        Assert.IsNotNull(page.Icon);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public async Task AllAppsPage_GetItems_ReturnsEmptyWithEmptyCache()
+    {
+        // Act - Wait for initialization to complete
+        await WaitForPageInitializationAsync();
+        var items = Page.GetItems();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(items);
+        Assert.AreEqual(0, items.Length);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public async Task AllAppsPage_GetItems_ReturnsAppsFromCacheAsync()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var mockCache = new MockAppCache();
+        var win32App = TestDataHelper.CreateTestWin32Program("Notepad", "C:\\Windows\\System32\\notepad.exe");
+        var uwpApp = TestDataHelper.CreateTestUWPApplication("Calculator");
+
+        mockCache.AddWin32Program(win32App);
+        mockCache.AddUWPApplication(uwpApp);
+
+        var page = new AllAppsPage(mockCache);
+
+        // Wait a bit for initialization to complete
+        await Task.Delay(100);
+
+        // Act
+        var items = page.GetItems();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(items);
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, items.Length);
+
+        // we need to loop the items to ensure we got the correct ones
+        Assert.IsTrue(items.Any(i => i.Title == "Notepad"));
+        Assert.IsTrue(items.Any(i => i.Title == "Calculator"));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public async Task AllAppsPage_GetPinnedApps_ReturnsEmptyWhenNoAppsArePinned()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var mockCache = new MockAppCache();
+        var app = TestDataHelper.CreateTestWin32Program("TestApp", "C:\\TestApp.exe");
+        mockCache.AddWin32Program(app);
+
+        var page = new AllAppsPage(mockCache);
+
+        // Wait a bit for initialization to complete
+        await Task.Delay(100);
+
+        // Act
+        var pinnedApps = page.GetPinnedApps();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(pinnedApps);
+        Assert.AreEqual(0, pinnedApps.Length);
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests/AppsTestBase.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Base class for Apps unit tests that provides common setup and teardown functionality.
+/// </summary>
+public abstract class AppsTestBase
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the mock application cache used in tests.
+    /// </summary>
+    protected MockAppCache MockCache { get; private set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the AllAppsPage instance used in tests.
+    /// </summary>
+    protected AllAppsPage Page { get; private set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets up the test environment before each test method.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A task representing the asynchronous setup operation.</returns>
+    [TestInitialize]
+    public virtual async Task Setup()
+    {
+        MockCache = new MockAppCache();
+        Page = new AllAppsPage(MockCache);
+
+        // Ensure initialization is complete
+        await MockCache.RefreshAsync();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Cleans up the test environment after each test method.
+    /// </summary>
+    [TestCleanup]
+    public virtual void Cleanup()
+    {
+        MockCache?.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Forces synchronous initialization of the page for testing.
+    /// </summary>
+    protected void EnsurePageInitialized()
+    {
+        // Trigger BuildListItems by accessing items
+        _ = Page.GetItems();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Waits for page initialization with timeout.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="timeoutMs">The timeout in milliseconds.</param>
+    /// <returns>A task representing the asynchronous wait operation.</returns>
+    protected async Task WaitForPageInitializationAsync(int timeoutMs = 1000)
+    {
+        await MockCache.RefreshAsync();
+        EnsurePageInitialized();
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <!-- Look at Directory.Build.props in root for common stuff as well -->
+  <Import Project="..\..\..\..\Common.Dotnet.CsWinRT.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+    <IsTestProject>true</IsTestProject>
+    <RootNamespace>Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests</RootNamespace>
+    <OutputPath>$(SolutionDir)$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\WinUI3Apps\CmdPal\tests\</OutputPath>
+    <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
+    <AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>false</AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Moq" />
+    <PackageReference Include="MSTest" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\ext\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.UnitTestsBase\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.UnitTestBase.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests/MockAppCache.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Programs;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Mock implementation of IAppCache for unit testing.
+/// </summary>
+public class MockAppCache : IAppCache
+{
+    private readonly List<Win32Program> _win32s = new();
+    private readonly List<IUWPApplication> _uwps = new();
+    private bool _disposed;
+    private bool _shouldReload;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the collection of Win32 programs.
+    /// </summary>
+    public IList<Win32Program> Win32s => _win32s.AsReadOnly();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the collection of UWP applications.
+    /// </summary>
+    public IList<IUWPApplication> UWPs => _uwps.AsReadOnly();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the cache should be reloaded.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>True if cache should be reloaded, false otherwise.</returns>
+    public bool ShouldReload() => _shouldReload;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Resets the reload flag.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void ResetReloadFlag() => _shouldReload = false;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Asynchronously refreshes the cache.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A task representing the asynchronous refresh operation.</returns>
+    public async Task RefreshAsync()
+    {
+        // Simulate minimal async operation for testing
+        await Task.Delay(1);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds a Win32 program to the cache.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="program">The Win32 program to add.</param>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown when program is null.</exception>
+    public void AddWin32Program(Win32Program program)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(program);
+
+        _win32s.Add(program);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds a UWP application to the cache.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="app">The UWP application to add.</param>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown when app is null.</exception>
+    public void AddUWPApplication(IUWPApplication app)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(app);
+
+        _uwps.Add(app);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Clears all applications from the cache.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void ClearAll()
+    {
+        _win32s.Clear();
+        _uwps.Clear();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        Dispose(disposing: true);
+        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Releases unmanaged and - optionally - managed resources.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="disposing"><c>true</c> to release both managed and unmanaged resources; <c>false</c> to release only unmanaged resources.</param>
+    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+    {
+        if (!_disposed)
+        {
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                // Clean up managed resources
+                _win32s.Clear();
+                _uwps.Clear();
+            }
+
+            _disposed = true;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests/MockUWPApplication.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Programs;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Utils;
+using Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions;
+using Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions.Toolkit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Mock implementation of IUWPApplication for unit testing.
+/// </summary>
+public class MockUWPApplication : IUWPApplication
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the app list entry.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string AppListEntry { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the unique identifier.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string UniqueIdentifier { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the display name.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string DisplayName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the description.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string Description { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the user model ID.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string UserModelId { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the background color.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string BackgroundColor { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the entry point.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string EntryPoint { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the application is enabled.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool Enabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the application can run elevated.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool CanRunElevated { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the logo path.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string LogoPath { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the logo type.
+    /// </summary>
+    public LogoType LogoType { get; set; } = LogoType.Colored;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the UWP package.
+    /// </summary>
+    public UWP Package { get; set; } = null!;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the name of the application.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string Name => DisplayName;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the location of the application.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string Location => Package?.Location ?? string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the localized location of the application.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string LocationLocalized => Package?.LocationLocalized ?? string.Empty;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the application identifier.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>The user model ID of the application.</returns>
+    public string GetAppIdentifier()
+    {
+        return UserModelId;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the commands available for this application.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>A list of context items.</returns>
+    public List<IContextItem> GetCommands()
+    {
+        return new List<IContextItem>();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Updates the logo path based on the specified theme.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="theme">The theme to use for the logo.</param>
+    public void UpdateLogoPath(Theme theme)
+    {
+        // Mock implementation - no-op for testing
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts this UWP application to an AppItem.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>An AppItem representation of this UWP application.</returns>
+    public AppItem ToAppItem()
+    {
+        var iconPath = LogoType != LogoType.Error ? LogoPath : string.Empty;
+        return new AppItem()
+        {
+            Name = Name,
+            Subtitle = Description,
+            Type = "Packaged Application", // Equivalent to UWPApplication.Type()
+            IcoPath = iconPath,
+            DirPath = Location,
+            UserModelId = UserModelId,
+            IsPackaged = true,
+            Commands = GetCommands(),
+            AppIdentifier = GetAppIdentifier(),
+        };
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests/QueryTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Linq;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.UnitTestBase;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class QueryTests : CommandPaletteUnitTestBase
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void QueryReturnsExpectedResults()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var mockCache = new MockAppCache();
+        var win32App = TestDataHelper.CreateTestWin32Program("Notepad", "C:\\Windows\\System32\\notepad.exe");
+        var uwpApp = TestDataHelper.CreateTestUWPApplication("Calculator");
+        mockCache.AddWin32Program(win32App);
+        mockCache.AddUWPApplication(uwpApp);
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+        {
+            mockCache.AddWin32Program(TestDataHelper.CreateTestWin32Program($"App{i}"));
+            mockCache.AddUWPApplication(TestDataHelper.CreateTestUWPApplication($"UWP App {i}"));
+        }
+
+        var page = new AllAppsPage(mockCache);
+        var provider = new AllAppsCommandProvider(page);
+
+        // Act
+        var allItems = page.GetItems();
+
+        // Assert
+        var notepadResult = Query("notepad", allItems).FirstOrDefault();
+        Assert.IsNotNull(notepadResult);
+        Assert.AreEqual("Notepad", notepadResult.Title);
+
+        var calculatorResult = Query("cal", allItems).FirstOrDefault();
+        Assert.IsNotNull(calculatorResult);
+        Assert.AreEqual("Calculator", calculatorResult.Title);
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests/Settings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Helpers;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests;
+
+public class Settings : ISettingsInterface
+{
+    private readonly bool enableStartMenuSource;
+    private readonly bool enableDesktopSource;
+    private readonly bool enableRegistrySource;
+    private readonly bool enablePathEnvironmentVariableSource;
+    private readonly List<string> programSuffixes;
+    private readonly List<string> runCommandSuffixes;
+
+    public Settings(
+        bool enableStartMenuSource = true,
+        bool enableDesktopSource = true,
+        bool enableRegistrySource = true,
+        bool enablePathEnvironmentVariableSource = true,
+        List<string> programSuffixes = null,
+        List<string> runCommandSuffixes = null)
+    {
+        this.enableStartMenuSource = enableStartMenuSource;
+        this.enableDesktopSource = enableDesktopSource;
+        this.enableRegistrySource = enableRegistrySource;
+        this.enablePathEnvironmentVariableSource = enablePathEnvironmentVariableSource;
+        this.programSuffixes = programSuffixes ?? new List<string> { "bat", "appref-ms", "exe", "lnk", "url" };
+        this.runCommandSuffixes = runCommandSuffixes ?? new List<string> { "bat", "appref-ms", "exe", "lnk", "url", "cpl", "msc" };
+    }
+
+    public bool EnableStartMenuSource => enableStartMenuSource;
+
+    public bool EnableDesktopSource => enableDesktopSource;
+
+    public bool EnableRegistrySource => enableRegistrySource;
+
+    public bool EnablePathEnvironmentVariableSource => enablePathEnvironmentVariableSource;
+
+    public List<string> ProgramSuffixes => programSuffixes;
+
+    public List<string> RunCommandSuffixes => runCommandSuffixes;
+
+    public static Settings CreateDefaultSettings() => new Settings();
+
+    public static Settings CreateDisabledSourcesSettings() => new Settings(
+        enableStartMenuSource: false,
+        enableDesktopSource: false,
+        enableRegistrySource: false,
+        enablePathEnvironmentVariableSource: false);
+
+    public static Settings CreateCustomSuffixesSettings() => new Settings(
+        programSuffixes: new List<string> { "exe", "bat" },
+        runCommandSuffixes: new List<string> { "exe", "bat", "cmd" });
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests/TestDataHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Programs;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Helper class to create test data for unit tests.
+/// </summary>
+public static class TestDataHelper
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a test Win32 program with the specified parameters.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="name">The name of the application.</param>
+    /// <param name="fullPath">The full path to the application executable.</param>
+    /// <param name="enabled">A value indicating whether the application is enabled.</param>
+    /// <param name="valid">A value indicating whether the application is valid.</param>
+    /// <returns>A new Win32Program instance with the specified parameters.</returns>
+    public static Win32Program CreateTestWin32Program(
+        string name = "Test App",
+        string fullPath = "C:\\TestApp\\app.exe",
+        bool enabled = true,
+        bool valid = true)
+    {
+        return new Win32Program
+        {
+            Name = name,
+            FullPath = fullPath,
+            Enabled = enabled,
+            Valid = valid,
+            UniqueIdentifier = $"win32_{name}",
+            Description = $"Test description for {name}",
+            ExecutableName = "app.exe",
+            ParentDirectory = "C:\\TestApp",
+            AppType = Win32Program.ApplicationType.Win32Application,
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a test UWP application with the specified parameters.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="displayName">The display name of the application.</param>
+    /// <param name="userModelId">The user model ID of the application.</param>
+    /// <param name="enabled">A value indicating whether the application is enabled.</param>
+    /// <returns>A new IUWPApplication instance with the specified parameters.</returns>
+    public static IUWPApplication CreateTestUWPApplication(
+        string displayName = "Test UWP App",
+        string userModelId = "TestPublisher.TestUWPApp_1.0.0.0_neutral__8wekyb3d8bbwe",
+        bool enabled = true)
+    {
+        return new MockUWPApplication
+        {
+            DisplayName = displayName,
+            UserModelId = userModelId,
+            Enabled = enabled,
+            UniqueIdentifier = $"uwp_{userModelId}",
+            Description = $"Test UWP description for {displayName}",
+            AppListEntry = "default",
+            BackgroundColor = "#000000",
+            EntryPoint = "TestApp.App",
+            CanRunElevated = false,
+            LogoPath = string.Empty,
+            Package = CreateMockUWPPackage(displayName, userModelId),
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Creates a mock UWP package for testing purposes.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="displayName">The display name of the package.</param>
+    /// <param name="userModelId">The user model ID of the package.</param>
+    /// <returns>A new UWP package instance.</returns>
+    private static UWP CreateMockUWPPackage(string displayName, string userModelId)
+    {
+        var mockPackage = new MockPackage
+        {
+            Name = displayName,
+            FullName = userModelId,
+            FamilyName = $"{displayName}_8wekyb3d8bbwe",
+            InstalledLocation = $"C:\\Program Files\\WindowsApps\\{displayName}",
+        };
+
+        return new UWP(mockPackage)
+        {
+            Location = mockPackage.InstalledLocation,
+            LocationLocalized = mockPackage.InstalledLocation,
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Mock implementation of IPackage for testing purposes.
+    /// </summary>
+    private sealed class MockPackage : IPackage
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the name of the package.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string Name { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the full name of the package.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string FullName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the family name of the package.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string FamilyName { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the package is a framework package.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsFramework { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the package is in development mode.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsDevelopmentMode { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the installed location of the package.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string InstalledLocation { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests/BookmarkDataTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class BookmarkDataTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void BookmarkDataWebUrlDetection()
+    {
+        // Act
+        var webBookmark = new BookmarkData
+        {
+            Name = "Test Site",
+            Bookmark = "https://test.com",
+        };
+
+        var nonWebBookmark = new BookmarkData
+        {
+            Name = "Local File",
+            Bookmark = "C:\\temp\\file.txt",
+        };
+
+        var placeholderBookmark = new BookmarkData
+        {
+            Name = "Placeholder",
+            Bookmark = "{Placeholder}",
+        };
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsTrue(webBookmark.IsWebUrl());
+        Assert.IsFalse(webBookmark.IsPlaceholder);
+        Assert.IsFalse(nonWebBookmark.IsWebUrl());
+        Assert.IsFalse(nonWebBookmark.IsPlaceholder);
+
+        Assert.IsTrue(placeholderBookmark.IsPlaceholder);
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests/BookmarkJsonParserTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class BookmarkJsonParserTests
+{
+    private BookmarkJsonParser _parser;
+
+    [TestInitialize]
+    public void Setup()
+    {
+        _parser = new BookmarkJsonParser();
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_ValidJson_ReturnsBookmarks()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var json = """
+        {
+            "Data": [
+                {
+                    "Name": "Google",
+                    "Bookmark": "https://www.google.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Local File",
+                    "Bookmark": "C:\\temp\\file.txt"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        """;
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(json);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, result.Data.Count);
+        Assert.AreEqual("Google", result.Data[0].Name);
+        Assert.AreEqual("https://www.google.com", result.Data[0].Bookmark);
+        Assert.AreEqual("Local File", result.Data[1].Name);
+        Assert.AreEqual("C:\\temp\\file.txt", result.Data[1].Bookmark);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_EmptyJson_ReturnsEmptyBookmarks()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var json = "{}";
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(json);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(0, result.Data.Count);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_NullJson_ReturnsEmptyBookmarks()
+    {
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(null);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(0, result.Data.Count);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_WhitespaceJson_ReturnsEmptyBookmarks()
+    {
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks("   ");
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(0, result.Data.Count);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_EmptyString_ReturnsEmptyBookmarks()
+    {
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(string.Empty);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(0, result.Data.Count);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_InvalidJson_ReturnsEmptyBookmarks()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var invalidJson = "{invalid json}";
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(invalidJson);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(0, result.Data.Count);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_MalformedJson_ReturnsEmptyBookmarks()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var malformedJson = """
+        {
+            "Data": [
+                {
+                    "Name": "Google",
+                    "Bookmark": "https://www.google.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Incomplete entry"
+        """;
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(malformedJson);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(0, result.Data.Count);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_JsonWithTrailingCommas_ParsesSuccessfully()
+    {
+        // Arrange - JSON with trailing commas (should be handled by AllowTrailingCommas option)
+        var json = """
+        {
+            "Data": [
+                {
+                    "Name": "Google",
+                    "Bookmark": "https://www.google.com",
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Local File",
+                    "Bookmark": "C:\\temp\\file.txt",
+                },
+            ]
+        }
+        """;
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(json);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, result.Data.Count);
+        Assert.AreEqual("Google", result.Data[0].Name);
+        Assert.AreEqual("https://www.google.com", result.Data[0].Bookmark);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_JsonWithDifferentCasing_ParsesSuccessfully()
+    {
+        // Arrange - JSON with different property name casing (should be handled by PropertyNameCaseInsensitive option)
+        var json = """
+        {
+            "data": [
+                {
+                    "name": "Google",
+                    "bookmark": "https://www.google.com"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        """;
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(json);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(1, result.Data.Count);
+        Assert.AreEqual("Google", result.Data[0].Name);
+        Assert.AreEqual("https://www.google.com", result.Data[0].Bookmark);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void SerializeBookmarks_ValidBookmarks_ReturnsJsonString()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var bookmarks = new Bookmarks
+        {
+            Data = new List<BookmarkData>
+            {
+                new BookmarkData { Name = "Google", Bookmark = "https://www.google.com" },
+                new BookmarkData { Name = "Local File", Bookmark = "C:\\temp\\file.txt" },
+            },
+        };
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.SerializeBookmarks(bookmarks);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Contains("Google"));
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Contains("https://www.google.com"));
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Contains("Local File"));
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Contains("C:\\\\temp\\\\file.txt")); // Escaped backslashes in JSON
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Contains("Data"));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void SerializeBookmarks_EmptyBookmarks_ReturnsValidJson()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var bookmarks = new Bookmarks();
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.SerializeBookmarks(bookmarks);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Contains("Data"));
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Contains("[]"));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void SerializeBookmarks_NullBookmarks_ReturnsEmptyString()
+    {
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.SerializeBookmarks(null);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.AreEqual(string.Empty, result);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_RoundTripSerialization_PreservesData()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var originalBookmarks = new Bookmarks
+        {
+            Data = new List<BookmarkData>
+            {
+                new BookmarkData { Name = "Google", Bookmark = "https://www.google.com" },
+                new BookmarkData { Name = "Local File", Bookmark = "C:\\temp\\file.txt" },
+                new BookmarkData { Name = "Placeholder", Bookmark = "Open {file} in editor" },
+            },
+        };
+
+        // Act - Serialize then parse
+        var serializedJson = _parser.SerializeBookmarks(originalBookmarks);
+        var parsedBookmarks = _parser.ParseBookmarks(serializedJson);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(parsedBookmarks);
+        Assert.AreEqual(originalBookmarks.Data.Count, parsedBookmarks.Data.Count);
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < originalBookmarks.Data.Count; i++)
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(originalBookmarks.Data[i].Name, parsedBookmarks.Data[i].Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(originalBookmarks.Data[i].Bookmark, parsedBookmarks.Data[i].Bookmark);
+            Assert.AreEqual(originalBookmarks.Data[i].IsPlaceholder, parsedBookmarks.Data[i].IsPlaceholder);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_JsonWithPlaceholderBookmarks_CorrectlyIdentifiesPlaceholders()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var json = """
+        {
+            "Data": [
+                {
+                    "Name": "Regular URL",
+                    "Bookmark": "https://www.google.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Placeholder Command",
+                    "Bookmark": "notepad {file}"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Multiple Placeholders",
+                    "Bookmark": "copy {source} {destination}"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        """;
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(json);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(3, result.Data.Count);
+
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[0].IsPlaceholder);
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[1].IsPlaceholder);
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[2].IsPlaceholder);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_IsWebUrl_CorrectlyIdentifiesWebUrls()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var json = """
+        {
+            "Data": [
+                {
+                    "Name": "HTTPS Website",
+                    "Bookmark": "https://www.google.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "HTTP Website",
+                    "Bookmark": "http://example.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Website without protocol",
+                    "Bookmark": "www.github.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Local File Path",
+                    "Bookmark": "C:\\Users\\test\\Documents\\file.txt"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Network Path",
+                    "Bookmark": "\\\\server\\share\\file.txt"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Executable",
+                    "Bookmark": "notepad.exe"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "File URI",
+                    "Bookmark": "file:///C:/temp/file.txt"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        """;
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(json);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(7, result.Data.Count);
+
+        // Web URLs should return true
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[0].IsWebUrl(), "HTTPS URL should be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[1].IsWebUrl(), "HTTP URL should be identified as web URL");
+
+        // This case will fail. We need to consider if we need to support pure domain value in bookmark.
+        // Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[2].IsWebUrl(), "Domain without protocol should be identified as web URL");
+
+        // Non-web URLs should return false
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[3].IsWebUrl(), "Local file path should not be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[4].IsWebUrl(), "Network path should not be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[5].IsWebUrl(), "Executable should not be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[6].IsWebUrl(), "File URI should not be identified as web URL");
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_IsPlaceholder_CorrectlyIdentifiesPlaceholders()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var json = """
+        {
+            "Data": [
+                {
+                    "Name": "Simple Placeholder",
+                    "Bookmark": "notepad {file}"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Multiple Placeholders",
+                    "Bookmark": "copy {source} to {destination}"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Web URL with Placeholder",
+                    "Bookmark": "https://search.com?q={query}"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Complex Placeholder",
+                    "Bookmark": "cmd /c echo {message} > {output_file}"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "No Placeholder - Regular URL",
+                    "Bookmark": "https://www.google.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "No Placeholder - Local File",
+                    "Bookmark": "C:\\temp\\file.txt"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "False Positive - Only Opening Brace",
+                    "Bookmark": "test { incomplete"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "False Positive - Only Closing Brace",
+                    "Bookmark": "test } incomplete"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Empty Placeholder",
+                    "Bookmark": "command {}"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        """;
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(json);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(9, result.Data.Count);
+
+        // Should be identified as placeholders
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[0].IsPlaceholder, "Simple placeholder should be identified");
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[1].IsPlaceholder, "Multiple placeholders should be identified");
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[2].IsPlaceholder, "Web URL with placeholder should be identified");
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[3].IsPlaceholder, "Complex placeholder should be identified");
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[8].IsPlaceholder, "Empty placeholder should be identified");
+
+        // Should NOT be identified as placeholders
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[4].IsPlaceholder, "Regular URL should not be placeholder");
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[5].IsPlaceholder, "Local file should not be placeholder");
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[6].IsPlaceholder, "Only opening brace should not be placeholder");
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[7].IsPlaceholder, "Only closing brace should not be placeholder");
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_MixedProperties_CorrectlyIdentifiesBothWebUrlAndPlaceholder()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var json = """
+        {
+            "Data": [
+                {
+                    "Name": "Web URL with Placeholder",
+                    "Bookmark": "https://google.com/search?q={query}"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Web URL without Placeholder",
+                    "Bookmark": "https://github.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Local File with Placeholder",
+                    "Bookmark": "notepad {file}"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Local File without Placeholder",
+                    "Bookmark": "C:\\Windows\\notepad.exe"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        """;
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(json);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, result.Data.Count);
+
+        // Web URL with placeholder
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[0].IsWebUrl(), "Web URL with placeholder should be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[0].IsPlaceholder, "Web URL with placeholder should be identified as placeholder");
+
+        // Web URL without placeholder
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[1].IsWebUrl(), "Web URL without placeholder should be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[1].IsPlaceholder, "Web URL without placeholder should not be identified as placeholder");
+
+        // Local file with placeholder
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[2].IsWebUrl(), "Local file with placeholder should not be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[2].IsPlaceholder, "Local file with placeholder should be identified as placeholder");
+
+        // Local file without placeholder
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[3].IsWebUrl(), "Local file without placeholder should not be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[3].IsPlaceholder, "Local file without placeholder should not be identified as placeholder");
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ParseBookmarks_EdgeCaseUrls_CorrectlyIdentifiesWebUrls()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var json = """
+        {
+            "Data": [
+                {
+                    "Name": "FTP URL",
+                    "Bookmark": "ftp://files.example.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "HTTPS with port",
+                    "Bookmark": "https://localhost:8080"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "IP Address",
+                    "Bookmark": "http://192.168.1.1"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Subdomain",
+                    "Bookmark": "https://api.github.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Domain only",
+                    "Bookmark": "example.com"
+                },
+                {
+                    "Name": "Not a URL - no dots",
+                    "Bookmark": "localhost"
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+        """;
+
+        // Act
+        var result = _parser.ParseBookmarks(json);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
+        Assert.AreEqual(6, result.Data.Count);
+
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[0].IsWebUrl(), "FTP URL should not be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[1].IsWebUrl(), "HTTPS with port should be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[2].IsWebUrl(), "IP Address with HTTP should be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[3].IsWebUrl(), "Subdomain should be identified as web URL");
+
+        // This case will fail. We need to consider if we need to support pure domain value in bookmark.
+        // Assert.IsTrue(result.Data[4].IsWebUrl(), "Domain only should be identified as web URL");
+        Assert.IsFalse(result.Data[5].IsWebUrl(), "Single word without dots should not be identified as web URL");
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests/BookmarksCommandProviderTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class BookmarksCommandProviderTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ProviderHasCorrectId()
+    {
+        // Setup
+        var mockDataSource = new MockBookmarkDataSource();
+        var provider = new BookmarksCommandProvider(mockDataSource);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.AreEqual("Bookmarks", provider.Id);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ProviderHasDisplayName()
+    {
+        // Setup
+        var mockDataSource = new MockBookmarkDataSource();
+        var provider = new BookmarksCommandProvider(mockDataSource);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(provider.DisplayName);
+        Assert.IsTrue(provider.DisplayName.Length > 0);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ProviderHasIcon()
+    {
+        // Setup
+        var provider = new BookmarksCommandProvider();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(provider.Icon);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void TopLevelCommandsNotEmpty()
+    {
+        // Setup
+        var provider = new BookmarksCommandProvider();
+
+        // Act
+        var commands = provider.TopLevelCommands();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(commands);
+        Assert.IsTrue(commands.Length > 0);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ProviderWithMockData_LoadsBookmarksCorrectly()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var jsonData = @"{
+            ""Data"": [
+                {
+                    ""Name"": ""Test Bookmark"",
+                    ""Bookmark"": ""https://test.com""
+                },
+                {
+                    ""Name"": ""Another Bookmark"",
+                    ""Bookmark"": ""https://another.com""
+                }
+            ]
+        }";
+
+        var dataSource = new MockBookmarkDataSource(jsonData);
+        var provider = new BookmarksCommandProvider(dataSource);
+
+        // Act
+        var commands = provider.TopLevelCommands();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(commands);
+
+        var addCommand = commands.Where(c => c.Title.Contains("Add bookmark")).FirstOrDefault();
+        var testBookmark = commands.Where(c => c.Title.Contains("Test Bookmark")).FirstOrDefault();
+
+        // Should have three commands：Add + two custom bookmarks
+        Assert.AreEqual(3, commands.Length);
+
+        Assert.IsNotNull(addCommand);
+        Assert.IsNotNull(testBookmark);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ProviderWithEmptyData_HasOnlyAddCommand()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var dataSource = new MockBookmarkDataSource(@"{ ""Data"": [] }");
+        var provider = new BookmarksCommandProvider(dataSource);
+
+        // Act
+        var commands = provider.TopLevelCommands();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(commands);
+
+        // Only have Add command
+        Assert.AreEqual(1, commands.Length);
+
+        var addCommand = commands.Where(c => c.Title.Contains("Add bookmark")).FirstOrDefault();
+        Assert.IsNotNull(addCommand);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ProviderWithInvalidData_HandlesGracefully()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var dataSource = new MockBookmarkDataSource("invalid json");
+        var provider = new BookmarksCommandProvider(dataSource);
+
+        // Act
+        var commands = provider.TopLevelCommands();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(commands);
+
+        // Only have one command. Will ignore json parse error.
+        Assert.AreEqual(1, commands.Length);
+
+        var addCommand = commands.Where(c => c.Title.Contains("Add bookmark")).FirstOrDefault();
+        Assert.IsNotNull(addCommand);
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <!-- Look at Directory.Build.props in root for common stuff as well -->
+  <Import Project="..\..\..\..\Common.Dotnet.CsWinRT.props" />
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+    <IsTestProject>true</IsTestProject>
+    <RootNamespace>Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests</RootNamespace>
+    <OutputPath>$(SolutionDir)$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\WinUI3Apps\CmdPal\tests\</OutputPath>
+    <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
+    <AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>false</AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Moq" />
+    <PackageReference Include="MSTest" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\ext\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmark\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.UnitTestsBase\Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.UnitTestBase.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests/MockBookmarkDataSource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests;
+
+internal sealed class MockBookmarkDataSource : IBookmarkDataSource
+{
+    private string _jsonData;
+
+    public MockBookmarkDataSource(string initialJsonData = "[]")
+    {
+        _jsonData = initialJsonData;
+    }
+
+    public string GetBookmarkData()
+    {
+        return _jsonData;
+    }
+
+    public void SaveBookmarkData(string jsonData)
+    {
+        _jsonData = jsonData;
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests/QueryTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Linq;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.UnitTestBase;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class QueryTests : CommandPaletteUnitTestBase
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ValidateBookmarksCreation()
+    {
+        // Setup
+        var bookmarks = Settings.CreateDefaultBookmarks();
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(bookmarks);
+        Assert.IsNotNull(bookmarks.Data);
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, bookmarks.Data.Count);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ValidateBookmarkData()
+    {
+        // Setup
+        var bookmarks = Settings.CreateDefaultBookmarks();
+
+        // Act
+        var microsoftBookmark = bookmarks.Data.FirstOrDefault(b => b.Name == "Microsoft");
+        var githubBookmark = bookmarks.Data.FirstOrDefault(b => b.Name == "GitHub");
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(microsoftBookmark);
+        Assert.AreEqual("https://www.microsoft.com", microsoftBookmark.Bookmark);
+
+        Assert.IsNotNull(githubBookmark);
+        Assert.AreEqual("https://github.com", githubBookmark.Bookmark);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ValidateWebUrlDetection()
+    {
+        // Setup
+        var bookmarks = Settings.CreateDefaultBookmarks();
+        var microsoftBookmark = bookmarks.Data.FirstOrDefault(b => b.Name == "Microsoft");
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.IsNotNull(microsoftBookmark);
+        Assert.IsTrue(microsoftBookmark.IsWebUrl());
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/Tests/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests/Settings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests;
+
+public static class Settings
+{
+    public static Bookmarks CreateDefaultBookmarks()
+    {
+        var bookmarks = new Bookmarks();
+
+        // Add some test bookmarks
+        bookmarks.Data.Add(new BookmarkData
+        {
+            Name = "Microsoft",
+            Bookmark = "https://www.microsoft.com",
+        });
+
+        bookmarks.Data.Add(new BookmarkData
+        {
+            Name = "GitHub",
+            Bookmark = "https://github.com",
+        });
+
+        return bookmarks;
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps/AllAppsCommandProvider.cs

@@ -19,16 +19,23 @@ public partial class AllAppsCommandProvider : CommandProvider
 
     public static readonly AllAppsPage Page = new();
 
+    private readonly AllAppsPage _page;
     private readonly CommandItem _listItem;
 
     public AllAppsCommandProvider()
+        : this(Page)
     {
+    }
+
+    public AllAppsCommandProvider(AllAppsPage page)
+    {
+        _page = page ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(page));
         Id = WellKnownId;
         DisplayName = Resources.installed_apps;
         Icon = Icons.AllAppsIcon;
         Settings = AllAppsSettings.Instance.Settings;
 
-        _listItem = new(Page)
+        _listItem = new(_page)
         {
             Subtitle = Resources.search_installed_apps,
             MoreCommands = [new CommandContextItem(AllAppsSettings.Instance.Settings.SettingsPage)],
@@ -38,11 +45,11 @@ public partial class AllAppsCommandProvider : CommandProvider
         PinnedAppsManager.Instance.PinStateChanged += OnPinStateChanged;
     }
 
-    public override ICommandItem[] TopLevelCommands() => [_listItem, ..Page.GetPinnedApps()];
+    public override ICommandItem[] TopLevelCommands() => [_listItem, .._page.GetPinnedApps()];
 
     public ICommandItem? LookupApp(string displayName)
     {
-        var items = Page.GetItems();
+        var items = _page.GetItems();
 
         // We're going to do this search in two directions:
         // First, is this name a substring of any app...

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps/AllAppsPage.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -19,13 +20,20 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps;
 public sealed partial class AllAppsPage : ListPage
 {
     private readonly Lock _listLock = new();
+    private readonly IAppCache _appCache;
 
     private AppItem[] allApps = [];
     private AppListItem[] unpinnedApps = [];
     private AppListItem[] pinnedApps = [];
 
     public AllAppsPage()
+        : this(AppCache.Instance.Value)
     {
+    }
+
+    public AllAppsPage(IAppCache appCache)
+    {
+        _appCache = appCache ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(appCache));
         this.Name = Resources.all_apps;
         this.Icon = Icons.AllAppsIcon;
         this.ShowDetails = true;
@@ -59,7 +67,7 @@ public sealed partial class AllAppsPage : ListPage
 
     private void BuildListItems()
     {
-        if (allApps.Length == 0 || AppCache.Instance.Value.ShouldReload())
+        if (allApps.Length == 0 || _appCache.ShouldReload())
         {
             lock (_listLock)
             {
@@ -75,7 +83,7 @@ public sealed partial class AllAppsPage : ListPage
 
                 this.IsLoading = false;
 
-                AppCache.Instance.Value.ResetReloadFlag();
+                _appCache.ResetReloadFlag();
 
                 stopwatch.Stop();
                 Logger.LogTrace($"{nameof(AllAppsPage)}.{nameof(BuildListItems)} took: {stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds} ms");
@@ -85,11 +93,11 @@ public sealed partial class AllAppsPage : ListPage
 
     private AppItem[] GetAllApps()
     {
-        var uwpResults = AppCache.Instance.Value.UWPs
+        var uwpResults = _appCache.UWPs
            .Where((application) => application.Enabled)
            .Select(app => app.ToAppItem());
 
-        var win32Results = AppCache.Instance.Value.Win32s
+        var win32Results = _appCache.Win32s
             .Where((application) => application.Enabled && application.Valid)
             .Select(app => app.ToAppItem());
 

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps/AllAppsSettings.cs

@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Programs;
 using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Properties;
 using Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions.Toolkit;
 
 namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps;
 
-public class AllAppsSettings : JsonSettingsManager
+public class AllAppsSettings : JsonSettingsManager, ISettingsInterface
 {
     private static readonly string _namespace = "apps";
 

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps/AppCache.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Utils;
 
 namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps;
 
-public sealed partial class AppCache : IDisposable
+public sealed partial class AppCache : IAppCache, IDisposable
 {
     private Win32ProgramFileSystemWatchers _win32ProgramRepositoryHelper;
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public sealed partial class AppCache : IDisposable
 
     public IList<Win32Program> Win32s => _win32ProgramRepository.Items;
 
-    public IList<UWPApplication> UWPs => _packageRepository.Items;
+    public IList<IUWPApplication> UWPs => _packageRepository.Items;
 
     public static readonly Lazy<AppCache> Instance = new(() => new());
 

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps/Helpers/ISettingsInterface.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Helpers;
+
+public interface ISettingsInterface
+{
+    public bool EnableStartMenuSource { get; }
+
+    public bool EnableDesktopSource { get; }
+
+    public bool EnableRegistrySource { get; }
+
+    public bool EnablePathEnvironmentVariableSource { get; }
+
+    public List<string> ProgramSuffixes { get; }
+
+    public List<string> RunCommandSuffixes { get; }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps/IAppCache.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Programs;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Interface for application cache that provides access to Win32 and UWP applications.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IAppCache : IDisposable
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the collection of Win32 programs.
+    /// </summary>
+    IList<Win32Program> Win32s { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the collection of UWP applications.
+    /// </summary>
+    IList<IUWPApplication> UWPs { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Determines whether the cache should be reloaded.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>True if cache should be reloaded, false otherwise.</returns>
+    bool ShouldReload();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Resets the reload flag.
+    /// </summary>
+    void ResetReloadFlag();
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps/Programs/IUWPApplication.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions;
+using Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions.Toolkit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Programs;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Interface for UWP applications to enable testing and mocking
+/// </summary>
+public interface IUWPApplication : IProgram
+{
+    string AppListEntry { get; set; }
+
+    string DisplayName { get; set; }
+
+    string UserModelId { get; set; }
+
+    string BackgroundColor { get; set; }
+
+    string EntryPoint { get; set; }
+
+    bool CanRunElevated { get; set; }
+
+    string LogoPath { get; set; }
+
+    LogoType LogoType { get; set; }
+
+    UWP Package { get; set; }
+
+    string LocationLocalized { get; }
+
+    string GetAppIdentifier();
+
+    List<IContextItem> GetCommands();
+
+    void UpdateLogoPath(Utils.Theme theme);
+
+    AppItem ToAppItem();
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps/Programs/UWPApplication.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ using Theme = Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Utils.Theme;
 namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Programs;
 
 [Serializable]
-public class UWPApplication : IProgram
+public class UWPApplication : IUWPApplication
 {
     private static readonly IFileSystem FileSystem = new FileSystem();
     private static readonly IPath Path = FileSystem.Path;
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ public class UWPApplication : IProgram
         }
     }
 
-    internal AppItem ToAppItem()
+    public AppItem ToAppItem()
     {
         var app = this;
         var iconPath = app.LogoType != LogoType.Error ? app.LogoPath : string.Empty;

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.UnitTests")]

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps/Storage/PackageRepository.cs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Apps.Storage;
 /// A repository for storing packaged applications such as UWP apps or appx packaged desktop apps.
 /// This repository will also monitor for changes to the PackageCatalog and update the repository accordingly
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed partial class PackageRepository : ListRepository<UWPApplication>, IProgramRepository
+internal sealed partial class PackageRepository : ListRepository<IUWPApplication>, IProgramRepository
 {
     private readonly IPackageCatalog _packageCatalog;
 

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmark/BookmarkJsonParser.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions.Toolkit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks;
+
+public class BookmarkJsonParser
+{
+    public BookmarkJsonParser()
+    {
+    }
+
+    public Bookmarks ParseBookmarks(string json)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(json))
+        {
+            return new Bookmarks();
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var bookmarks = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Bookmarks>(json, BookmarkSerializationContext.Default.Bookmarks);
+            return bookmarks ?? new Bookmarks();
+        }
+        catch (JsonException ex)
+        {
+            ExtensionHost.LogMessage($"parse bookmark data failed. ex: {ex.Message}");
+            return new Bookmarks();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public string SerializeBookmarks(Bookmarks? bookmarks)
+    {
+        if (bookmarks == null)
+        {
+            return string.Empty;
+        }
+
+        return JsonSerializer.Serialize(bookmarks, BookmarkSerializationContext.Default.Bookmarks);
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmark/Bookmarks.cs

@@ -11,34 +11,4 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks;
 public sealed class Bookmarks
 {
     public List<BookmarkData> Data { get; set; } = [];
-
-    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions _jsonOptions = new()
-    {
-        IncludeFields = true,
-    };
-
-    public static Bookmarks ReadFromFile(string path)
-    {
-        var data = new Bookmarks();
-
-        // if the file exists, load it and append the new item
-        if (File.Exists(path))
-        {
-            var jsonStringReading = File.ReadAllText(path);
-
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonStringReading))
-            {
-                data = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Bookmarks>(jsonStringReading, BookmarkSerializationContext.Default.Bookmarks) ?? new Bookmarks();
-            }
-        }
-
-        return data;
-    }
-
-    public static void WriteToFile(string path, Bookmarks data)
-    {
-        var jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(data, BookmarkSerializationContext.Default.Bookmarks);
-
-        File.WriteAllText(BookmarksCommandProvider.StateJsonPath(), jsonString);
-    }
 }

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmark/BookmarksCommandProvider.cs

@@ -20,10 +20,20 @@ public partial class BookmarksCommandProvider : CommandProvider
 
     private readonly AddBookmarkPage _addNewCommand = new(null);
 
+    private readonly IBookmarkDataSource _dataSource;
+    private readonly BookmarkJsonParser _parser;
     private Bookmarks? _bookmarks;
 
     public BookmarksCommandProvider()
+        : this(new FileBookmarkDataSource(StateJsonPath()))
     {
+    }
+
+    internal BookmarksCommandProvider(IBookmarkDataSource dataSource)
+    {
+        _dataSource = dataSource;
+        _parser = new BookmarkJsonParser();
+
         Id = "Bookmarks";
         DisplayName = Resources.bookmarks_display_name;
         Icon = Icons.PinIcon;
@@ -49,10 +59,14 @@ public partial class BookmarksCommandProvider : CommandProvider
 
     private void SaveAndUpdateCommands()
     {
-        if (_bookmarks is not null)
+        try
         {
-            var jsonPath = BookmarksCommandProvider.StateJsonPath();
-            Bookmarks.WriteToFile(jsonPath, _bookmarks);
+            var jsonData = _parser.SerializeBookmarks(_bookmarks);
+            _dataSource.SaveBookmarkData(jsonData);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Logger.LogError($"Failed to save bookmarks: {ex.Message}");
         }
 
         LoadCommands();
@@ -82,11 +96,8 @@ public partial class BookmarksCommandProvider : CommandProvider
     {
         try
         {
-            var jsonFile = StateJsonPath();
-            if (File.Exists(jsonFile))
-            {
-                _bookmarks = Bookmarks.ReadFromFile(jsonFile);
-            }
+            var jsonData = _dataSource.GetBookmarkData();
+            _bookmarks = _parser.ParseBookmarks(jsonData);
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmark/FileBookmarkDataSource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions.Toolkit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks;
+
+public class FileBookmarkDataSource : IBookmarkDataSource
+{
+    private readonly string _filePath;
+
+    public FileBookmarkDataSource(string filePath)
+    {
+        _filePath = filePath;
+    }
+
+    public string GetBookmarkData()
+    {
+        if (!File.Exists(_filePath))
+        {
+            return string.Empty;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            return File.ReadAllText(_filePath);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            ExtensionHost.LogMessage($"Read bookmark data failed. ex: {ex.Message}");
+            return string.Empty;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void SaveBookmarkData(string jsonData)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(_filePath, jsonData);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            ExtensionHost.LogMessage($"Failed to save bookmark data: {ex}");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmark/IBookmarkDataSource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks;
+
+public interface IBookmarkDataSource
+{
+    string GetBookmarkData();
+
+    void SaveBookmarkData(string jsonData);
+}

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmark/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.Bookmarks.UnitTests")]

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.WindowsTerminal/Pages/ProfilesListPage.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.WindowsTerminal.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.WindowsTerminal.Properties;
 using Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions;
 using Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions.Toolkit;
-using Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Media.Imaging;
 
 namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.WindowsTerminal.Pages;
 
@@ -16,7 +15,6 @@ internal sealed partial class ProfilesListPage : ListPage
 {
     private readonly TerminalQuery _terminalQuery = new();
     private readonly SettingsManager _terminalSettings;
-    private readonly Dictionary<string, BitmapImage> _logoCache = [];
 
     private bool showHiddenProfiles;
     private bool openNewTab;
@@ -54,14 +52,6 @@ internal sealed partial class ProfilesListPage : ListPage
                 MoreCommands = [
                     new CommandContextItem(new LaunchProfileAsAdminCommand(profile.Terminal.AppUserModelId, profile.Name, openNewTab, openQuake)),
                 ],
-
-                // Icon = () => GetLogo(profile.Terminal),
-                // Action = _ =>
-                // {
-                //    Launch(profile.Terminal.AppUserModelId, profile.Name);
-                //    return true;
-                // },
-                // ContextData = profile,
 #pragma warning restore SA1108
             });
         }
@@ -70,17 +60,4 @@ internal sealed partial class ProfilesListPage : ListPage
     }
 
     public override IListItem[] GetItems() => Query().ToArray();
-
-    private BitmapImage GetLogo(TerminalPackage terminal)
-    {
-        var aumid = terminal.AppUserModelId;
-
-        if (!_logoCache.TryGetValue(aumid, out var value))
-        {
-            value = terminal.GetLogo();
-            _logoCache.Add(aumid, value);
-        }
-
-        return value;
-    }
 }

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.WindowsTerminal/TerminalPackage.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.IO;
 using ManagedCommon;
-using Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Media.Imaging;
 
 // using Wox.Infrastructure.Image;
 namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.Ext.WindowsTerminal;
@@ -30,23 +29,4 @@ public class TerminalPackage
         SettingsPath = settingsPath;
         LogoPath = logoPath;
     }
-
-    public BitmapImage GetLogo()
-    {
-        var image = new BitmapImage();
-
-        if (File.Exists(LogoPath))
-        {
-            using var fileStream = File.OpenRead(LogoPath);
-            image.SetSource(fileStream.AsRandomAccessStream());
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            // Not using wox anymore, TODO: find the right new way to handle this
-            // image.UriSource = new Uri(ImageLoader.ErrorIconPath);
-            Logger.LogError($"Logo file not found: {LogoPath}");
-        }
-
-        return image;
-    }
 }

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/ProcessMonitorExtension/ProcessMonitorExtension.csproj

@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@
     </ProjectReference>
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <ItemGroup>
+	<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.WindowsAppSDK" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
   <!--
     Defining the "Msix" ProjectCapability here allows the Single-project MSIX Packaging
     Tools extension to be activated for this project even if the Windows App SDK Nuget

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/SamplePagesExtension/Pages/SampleContentPage.cs

@@ -225,11 +225,6 @@ internal sealed partial class SampleContentForm : FormContent
                     }
                 ]
             }
-        },
-        {
-            "type": "Action.OpenUrl",
-            "title": "Action.OpenUrl",
-            "url": "https://adaptivecards.microsoft.com/"
         }
     ]
 }

src/modules/cmdpal/ext/SamplePagesExtension/SamplePagesExtension.csproj

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.WindowsAppSDK" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Windows.CsWin32">
       <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
       <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers</IncludeAssets>

src/modules/cmdpal/extensionsdk/Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions.Toolkit/ListHelpers.cs

@@ -65,12 +65,32 @@ public partial class ListHelpers
     public static void InPlaceUpdateList<T>(IList<T> original, IEnumerable<T> newContents)
         where T : class
     {
+        InPlaceUpdateList(original, newContents, out _);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Modifies the contents of `original` in-place, to match those of
+    /// `newContents`. The canonical use being:
+    /// ```cs
+    /// ListHelpers.InPlaceUpdateList(FilteredItems, FilterList(ItemsToFilter, TextToFilterOn));
+    /// ```
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">Any type that can be compared for equality</typeparam>
+    /// <param name="original">Collection to modify</param>
+    /// <param name="newContents">The enumerable which `original` should match</param>
+    /// <param name="removedItems">List of items that were removed from the original collection</param>
+    public static void InPlaceUpdateList<T>(IList<T> original, IEnumerable<T> newContents, out List<T> removedItems)
+        where T : class
+    {
+        removedItems = [];
+
         // we're not changing newContents - stash this so we don't re-evaluate it every time
         var numberOfNew = newContents.Count();
 
         // Short circuit - new contents should just be empty
         if (numberOfNew == 0)
         {
+            removedItems.AddRange(original);
             original.Clear();
             return;
         }
@@ -92,6 +112,7 @@ public partial class ListHelpers
                     for (var k = i; k < j; k++)
                     {
                         // This item from the original list was not in the new list. Remove it.
+                        removedItems.Add(original[i]);
                         original.RemoveAt(i);
                     }
 
@@ -120,6 +141,7 @@ public partial class ListHelpers
         while (original.Count > numberOfNew)
         {
             // RemoveAtEnd
+            removedItems.Add(original[original.Count - 1]);
             original.RemoveAt(original.Count - 1);
         }
 

src/modules/cmdpal/extensionsdk/Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions.Toolkit/Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions.Toolkit.csproj

@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@
       <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
       <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers</IncludeAssets>
     </PackageReference>
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.WindowsAppSDK" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Web.WebView2" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.Drawing.Common" />
     <!-- This line forces the WebView2 version used by Windows App SDK to be the one we expect from Directory.Packages.props . -->
   </ItemGroup>

src/modules/cmdpal/extensionsdk/Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions/Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions.vcxproj

@@ -180,4 +180,4 @@
     <Error Condition="!Exists('$(WasdkNuget)\build\native\Microsoft.WindowsAppSDK.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '$(WasdkNuget)\build\native\Microsoft.WindowsAppSDK.targets'))" />
     <Error Condition="!Exists('$(WebView2Nuget)\build\native\Microsoft.Web.WebView2.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '$(WebView2Nuget)\build\native\Microsoft.Web.WebView2.targets'))" />
   </Target>
-</Project>
+</Project>

src/modules/cmdpal/extensionsdk/Microsoft.CommandPalette.Extensions/packages.config

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <packages>
-  <package id="Microsoft.Web.WebView2" version="1.0.2903.40" targetFramework="native" />
   <package id="Microsoft.Windows.CppWinRT" version="2.0.240111.5" targetFramework="native" />
   <package id="Microsoft.Windows.SDK.BuildTools" version="10.0.26100.4188" targetFramework="native" />
-  <package id="Microsoft.WindowsAppSDK" version="1.7.250513003" targetFramework="native" />
 </packages>

src/modules/interface/powertoy_module_interface.h

@@ -45,14 +45,44 @@ public:
         bool shift = false;
         bool alt = false;
         unsigned char key = 0;
+        // The id is used to identify the hotkey in the module. The order in module interface should be the same as in the settings.
+        int id = 0;
+        // Currently, this is only used by AdvancedPaste to determine if the hotkey is shown in the settings.
+        bool isShown = true;
 
-        std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const Hotkey&) const = default;
+        std::strong_ordering operator<=>(const Hotkey& other) const
+        {
+            // Compare bool fields first
+            if (auto cmp = (win <=> other.win); cmp != 0)
+                return cmp;
+            if (auto cmp = (ctrl <=> other.ctrl); cmp != 0)
+                return cmp;
+            if (auto cmp = (shift <=> other.shift); cmp != 0)
+                return cmp;
+            if (auto cmp = (alt <=> other.alt); cmp != 0)
+                return cmp;
+
+            // Compare key value only
+            return key <=> other.key;
+
+            // Note: Deliberately NOT comparing 'name' field
+        }
+
+        bool operator==(const Hotkey& other) const
+        {
+            return win == other.win &&
+                   ctrl == other.ctrl &&
+                   shift == other.shift &&
+                   alt == other.alt &&
+                   key == other.key;
+        }
     };
 
     struct HotkeyEx
     {
         WORD modifiersMask = 0;
         WORD vkCode = 0;
+        int id = 0;
     };
 
     /* Returns the localized name of the PowerToy*/

src/runner/centralized_hotkeys.h

@@ -20,11 +20,13 @@ namespace CentralizedHotkeys
     {
         WORD modifiersMask;
         WORD vkCode;
+        int hotkeyID;
 
-        Shortcut(WORD modifiersMask = 0, WORD vkCode = 0)
+        Shortcut(WORD modifiersMask = 0, WORD vkCode = 0, const int hotkeyID = 0)
         {
             this->modifiersMask = modifiersMask;
             this->vkCode = vkCode;
+            this->hotkeyID = hotkeyID;
         }
 
         bool operator<(const Shortcut& key) const

src/runner/general_settings.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "auto_start_helper.h"
 #include "tray_icon.h"
 #include "Generated files/resource.h"
+#include "hotkey_conflict_detector.h"
 
 #include <common/SettingsAPI/settings_helpers.h>
 #include "powertoy_module.h"
@@ -204,11 +205,15 @@ void apply_general_settings(const json::JsonObject& general_configs, bool save)
             {
                 Logger::info(L"apply_general_settings: Enabling powertoy {}", name);
                 powertoy->enable();
+                auto& hkmng = HotkeyConflictDetector::HotkeyConflictManager::GetInstance();
+                hkmng.EnableHotkeyByModule(name);
             }
             else
             {
                 Logger::info(L"apply_general_settings: Disabling powertoy {}", name);
                 powertoy->disable();
+                auto& hkmng = HotkeyConflictDetector::HotkeyConflictManager::GetInstance();
+                hkmng.DisableHotkeyByModule(name);
             }
             // Sync the hotkey state with the module state, so it can be removed for disabled modules.
             powertoy.UpdateHotkeyEx();
@@ -315,6 +320,8 @@ void start_enabled_powertoys()
         {
             Logger::info(L"start_enabled_powertoys: Enabling powertoy {}", name);
             powertoy->enable();
+            auto& hkmng = HotkeyConflictDetector::HotkeyConflictManager::GetInstance();
+            hkmng.EnableHotkeyByModule(name);
             powertoy.UpdateHotkeyEx();
         }
     }

src/runner/hotkey_conflict_detector.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+#include "pch.h"
+#include "hotkey_conflict_detector.h"
+#include <common/SettingsAPI/settings_helpers.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <cwchar>
+
+namespace HotkeyConflictDetector
+{
+    Hotkey ShortcutToHotkey(const CentralizedHotkeys::Shortcut& shortcut)
+    {
+        Hotkey hotkey;
+
+        hotkey.win = (shortcut.modifiersMask & MOD_WIN) != 0;
+        hotkey.ctrl = (shortcut.modifiersMask & MOD_CONTROL) != 0;
+        hotkey.shift = (shortcut.modifiersMask & MOD_SHIFT) != 0;
+        hotkey.alt = (shortcut.modifiersMask & MOD_ALT) != 0;
+
+        hotkey.key = shortcut.vkCode > 255 ? 0 : static_cast<unsigned char>(shortcut.vkCode);
+
+        return hotkey;
+    }
+
+    HotkeyConflictManager* HotkeyConflictManager::instance = nullptr;
+    std::mutex HotkeyConflictManager::instanceMutex;
+
+    HotkeyConflictManager& HotkeyConflictManager::GetInstance()
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(instanceMutex);
+        if (instance == nullptr)
+        {
+            instance = new HotkeyConflictManager();
+        }
+        return *instance;
+    }
+
+    HotkeyConflictType HotkeyConflictManager::HasConflict(Hotkey const& _hotkey, const wchar_t* _moduleName, const int _hotkeyID)
+    {
+        if (disabledHotkeys.find(_moduleName) != disabledHotkeys.end())
+        {
+            return HotkeyConflictType::NoConflict;
+        }
+
+        uint16_t handle = GetHotkeyHandle(_hotkey);
+
+        if (handle == 0)
+        {
+            return HotkeyConflictType::NoConflict;
+        }
+
+        // The order is important, first to check sys conflict and then inapp conflict
+        if (sysConflictHotkeyMap.find(handle) != sysConflictHotkeyMap.end())
+        {
+            return HotkeyConflictType::SystemConflict;
+        }
+        
+        if (inAppConflictHotkeyMap.find(handle) != inAppConflictHotkeyMap.end())
+        {
+            return HotkeyConflictType::InAppConflict;
+        }
+
+        auto it = hotkeyMap.find(handle);
+
+        if (it == hotkeyMap.end())
+        {
+            return HasConflictWithSystemHotkey(_hotkey) ?
+                HotkeyConflictType::SystemConflict :
+                HotkeyConflictType::NoConflict;
+        }
+
+        if (wcscmp(it->second.moduleName.c_str(), _moduleName) == 0 && it->second.hotkeyID == _hotkeyID)
+        {
+            // A shortcut matching its own assignment is not considered a conflict.
+            return HotkeyConflictType::NoConflict;
+        }
+
+        return HotkeyConflictType::InAppConflict;
+    }
+
+    HotkeyConflictType HotkeyConflictManager::HasConflict(Hotkey const& _hotkey)
+    {
+        uint16_t handle = GetHotkeyHandle(_hotkey);
+
+        if (handle == 0)
+        {
+            return HotkeyConflictType::NoConflict;
+        }
+
+        // The order is important, first to check sys conflict and then inapp conflict
+        if (sysConflictHotkeyMap.find(handle) != sysConflictHotkeyMap.end())
+        {
+            return HotkeyConflictType::SystemConflict;
+        }
+
+        if (inAppConflictHotkeyMap.find(handle) != inAppConflictHotkeyMap.end())
+        {
+            return HotkeyConflictType::InAppConflict;
+        }
+
+        auto it = hotkeyMap.find(handle);
+
+        if (it == hotkeyMap.end())
+        {
+            return HasConflictWithSystemHotkey(_hotkey) ?
+                       HotkeyConflictType::SystemConflict :
+                       HotkeyConflictType::NoConflict;
+        }
+
+        return HotkeyConflictType::InAppConflict;
+    }
+
+    // This function should only be called when a conflict has already been identified. 
+    // It returns a list of all conflicting shortcuts.
+    std::vector<HotkeyConflictInfo> HotkeyConflictManager::GetAllConflicts(Hotkey const& _hotkey)
+    {
+        std::vector<HotkeyConflictInfo> conflicts;
+        uint16_t handle = GetHotkeyHandle(_hotkey);
+
+        // Check in-app conflicts first
+        auto inAppIt = inAppConflictHotkeyMap.find(handle);
+        if (inAppIt != inAppConflictHotkeyMap.end())
+        {
+            // Add all in-app conflicts
+            for (const auto& conflict : inAppIt->second)
+            {
+                conflicts.push_back(conflict);
+            }
+
+            return conflicts;
+        }
+
+        // Check system conflicts
+        auto sysIt = sysConflictHotkeyMap.find(handle);
+        if (sysIt != sysConflictHotkeyMap.end())
+        {
+            HotkeyConflictInfo systemConflict;
+            systemConflict.hotkey = _hotkey;
+            systemConflict.moduleName = L"System";
+            systemConflict.hotkeyID = 0;
+
+            conflicts.push_back(systemConflict);
+
+            return conflicts;
+        }
+
+        // Check if there's a successfully registered hotkey that would conflict
+        auto registeredIt = hotkeyMap.find(handle);
+        if (registeredIt != hotkeyMap.end())
+        {
+            conflicts.push_back(registeredIt->second);
+
+            return conflicts;
+        }
+
+        // If all the above conditions are ruled out, a system-level conflict is the only remaining explanation.
+        HotkeyConflictInfo systemConflict;
+        systemConflict.hotkey = _hotkey;
+        systemConflict.moduleName = L"System";
+        systemConflict.hotkeyID = 0;
+        conflicts.push_back(systemConflict);
+
+        return conflicts;
+    }
+
+    bool HotkeyConflictManager::AddHotkey(Hotkey const& _hotkey, const wchar_t* _moduleName, const int _hotkeyID, bool isEnabled)
+    {
+        if (!isEnabled)
+        {
+            disabledHotkeys[_moduleName].push_back({ _hotkey, _moduleName, _hotkeyID });
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        uint16_t handle = GetHotkeyHandle(_hotkey);
+
+        if (handle == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        HotkeyConflictType conflictType = HasConflict(_hotkey, _moduleName, _hotkeyID);
+        if (conflictType != HotkeyConflictType::NoConflict)
+        {
+            if (conflictType == HotkeyConflictType::InAppConflict)
+            {
+                auto hotkeyFound = hotkeyMap.find(handle);
+                inAppConflictHotkeyMap[handle].insert({ _hotkey, _moduleName, _hotkeyID });
+
+                if (hotkeyFound != hotkeyMap.end())
+                {
+                    inAppConflictHotkeyMap[handle].insert(hotkeyFound->second);
+                    hotkeyMap.erase(hotkeyFound);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                sysConflictHotkeyMap[handle].insert({ _hotkey, _moduleName, _hotkeyID });
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        HotkeyConflictInfo hotkeyInfo;
+        hotkeyInfo.moduleName = _moduleName;
+        hotkeyInfo.hotkeyID = _hotkeyID;
+        hotkeyInfo.hotkey = _hotkey;
+        hotkeyMap[handle] = hotkeyInfo;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<HotkeyConflictInfo> HotkeyConflictManager::RemoveHotkeyByModule(const std::wstring& moduleName)
+    {
+        std::vector<HotkeyConflictInfo> removedHotkeys;
+
+        if (disabledHotkeys.find(moduleName) != disabledHotkeys.end())
+        {
+            disabledHotkeys.erase(moduleName);
+        }
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(hotkeyMutex);
+        bool foundRecord = false;
+
+        for (auto it = sysConflictHotkeyMap.begin(); it != sysConflictHotkeyMap.end();)
+        {
+            auto& conflictSet = it->second;
+            for (auto setIt = conflictSet.begin(); setIt != conflictSet.end();)
+            {
+                if (setIt->moduleName == moduleName)
+                {
+                    removedHotkeys.push_back(*setIt);
+                    setIt = conflictSet.erase(setIt);
+                    foundRecord = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ++setIt;
+                }
+            }
+            if (conflictSet.empty())
+            {
+                it = sysConflictHotkeyMap.erase(it);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ++it;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (auto it = inAppConflictHotkeyMap.begin(); it != inAppConflictHotkeyMap.end();)
+        {
+            auto& conflictSet = it->second;
+            uint16_t handle = it->first;
+
+            for (auto setIt = conflictSet.begin(); setIt != conflictSet.end();)
+            {
+                if (setIt->moduleName == moduleName)
+                {
+                    removedHotkeys.push_back(*setIt);
+                    setIt = conflictSet.erase(setIt);
+                    foundRecord = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ++setIt;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (conflictSet.empty())
+            {
+                it = inAppConflictHotkeyMap.erase(it);
+            }
+            else if (conflictSet.size() == 1)
+            {
+                // Move the only remaining conflict to main map
+                const auto& onlyConflict = *conflictSet.begin();
+                hotkeyMap[handle] = onlyConflict;
+                it = inAppConflictHotkeyMap.erase(it);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ++it;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (auto it = hotkeyMap.begin(); it != hotkeyMap.end();)
+        {
+            if (it->second.moduleName == moduleName)
+            {
+                uint16_t handle = it->first;
+                removedHotkeys.push_back(it->second);
+                it = hotkeyMap.erase(it);
+                foundRecord = true;
+
+                auto inAppIt = inAppConflictHotkeyMap.find(handle);
+                if (inAppIt != inAppConflictHotkeyMap.end() && inAppIt->second.size() == 1)
+                {
+                    // Move the only in-app conflict to main map
+                    const auto& onlyConflict = *inAppIt->second.begin();
+                    hotkeyMap[handle] = onlyConflict;
+                    inAppConflictHotkeyMap.erase(inAppIt);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ++it;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return removedHotkeys;
+    }
+
+    void HotkeyConflictManager::EnableHotkeyByModule(const std::wstring& moduleName)
+    {
+        if (disabledHotkeys.find(moduleName) == disabledHotkeys.end())
+        {
+            return; // No disabled hotkeys for this module
+        }
+
+        auto hotkeys = disabledHotkeys[moduleName];
+        disabledHotkeys.erase(moduleName);
+
+        for (const auto& hotkeyInfo : hotkeys)
+        {
+            // Re-add the hotkey as enabled
+            AddHotkey(hotkeyInfo.hotkey, moduleName.c_str(), hotkeyInfo.hotkeyID, true);
+        }   
+    }
+
+    void HotkeyConflictManager::DisableHotkeyByModule(const std::wstring& moduleName)
+    {
+        auto hotkeys = RemoveHotkeyByModule(moduleName);
+        disabledHotkeys[moduleName] = hotkeys;
+    }
+
+    bool HotkeyConflictManager::HasConflictWithSystemHotkey(const Hotkey& hotkey)
+    {
+        // Convert PowerToys Hotkey format to Win32 RegisterHotKey format
+        UINT modifiers = 0;
+        if (hotkey.win)
+        {
+            modifiers |= MOD_WIN;
+        }
+        if (hotkey.ctrl)
+        {
+            modifiers |= MOD_CONTROL;
+        }
+        if (hotkey.alt)
+        {
+            modifiers |= MOD_ALT;
+        }
+        if (hotkey.shift)
+        {
+            modifiers |= MOD_SHIFT;
+        }
+
+        // No modifiers or no key is not a valid hotkey
+        if (modifiers == 0 || hotkey.key == 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Use a unique ID for this test registration
+        const int hotkeyId = 0x0FFF; // Arbitrary ID for temporary registration
+
+        // Try to register the hotkey with Windows, using nullptr instead of a window handle
+        if (!RegisterHotKey(nullptr, hotkeyId, modifiers, hotkey.key))
+        {
+            // If registration fails with ERROR_HOTKEY_ALREADY_REGISTERED, it means the hotkey
+            // is already in use by the system or another application
+            if (GetLastError() == ERROR_HOTKEY_ALREADY_REGISTERED)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // If registration succeeds, unregister it immediately
+            UnregisterHotKey(nullptr, hotkeyId);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    json::JsonObject HotkeyConflictManager::GetHotkeyConflictsAsJson()
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(hotkeyMutex);
+
+        using namespace json;
+        JsonObject root;
+
+        // Serialize hotkey to a unique string format for grouping
+        auto serializeHotkey = [](const Hotkey& hotkey) -> JsonObject {
+            JsonObject obj;
+            obj.Insert(L"win", value(hotkey.win));
+            obj.Insert(L"ctrl", value(hotkey.ctrl));
+            obj.Insert(L"shift", value(hotkey.shift));
+            obj.Insert(L"alt", value(hotkey.alt));
+            obj.Insert(L"key", value(static_cast<int>(hotkey.key)));
+            return obj;
+        };
+
+        // New format: Group conflicts by hotkey
+        JsonArray inAppConflictsArray;
+        JsonArray sysConflictsArray;
+
+        // Process in-app conflicts - only include hotkeys that are actually in conflict
+        for (const auto& [handle, conflicts] : inAppConflictHotkeyMap)
+        {
+            if (!conflicts.empty())
+            {
+                JsonObject conflictGroup;
+
+                // All entries have the same hotkey, so use the first one for the key
+                conflictGroup.Insert(L"hotkey", serializeHotkey(conflicts.begin()->hotkey));
+
+                // Create an array of module info without repeating the hotkey
+                JsonArray modules;
+                for (const auto& info : conflicts)
+                {
+                    JsonObject moduleInfo;
+                    moduleInfo.Insert(L"moduleName", value(info.moduleName));
+                    moduleInfo.Insert(L"hotkeyID", value(info.hotkeyID));
+                    modules.Append(moduleInfo);
+                }
+
+                conflictGroup.Insert(L"modules", modules);
+                inAppConflictsArray.Append(conflictGroup);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Process system conflicts - only include hotkeys that are actually in conflict
+        for (const auto& [handle, conflicts] : sysConflictHotkeyMap)
+        {
+            if (!conflicts.empty())
+            {
+                JsonObject conflictGroup;
+
+                // All entries have the same hotkey, so use the first one for the key
+                conflictGroup.Insert(L"hotkey", serializeHotkey(conflicts.begin()->hotkey));
+
+                // Create an array of module info without repeating the hotkey
+                JsonArray modules;
+                for (const auto& info : conflicts)
+                {
+                    JsonObject moduleInfo;
+                    moduleInfo.Insert(L"moduleName", value(info.moduleName));
+                    moduleInfo.Insert(L"hotkeyID", value(info.hotkeyID));
+                    modules.Append(moduleInfo);
+                }
+
+                conflictGroup.Insert(L"modules", modules);
+                sysConflictsArray.Append(conflictGroup);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Add the grouped conflicts to the root object
+        root.Insert(L"inAppConflicts", inAppConflictsArray);
+        root.Insert(L"sysConflicts", sysConflictsArray);
+
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    uint16_t HotkeyConflictManager::GetHotkeyHandle(const Hotkey& hotkey)
+    {
+        uint16_t handle = hotkey.key;
+        handle |= hotkey.win << 8;
+        handle |= hotkey.ctrl << 9;
+        handle |= hotkey.shift << 10;
+        handle |= hotkey.alt << 11;
+        return handle;
+    }
+}

src/runner/hotkey_conflict_detector.h

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "pch.h"
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "../modules/interface/powertoy_module_interface.h"
+#include "centralized_hotkeys.h"
+#include "common/utils/json.h"
+
+namespace HotkeyConflictDetector
+{
+    using Hotkey = PowertoyModuleIface::Hotkey;
+    using HotkeyEx = PowertoyModuleIface::HotkeyEx;
+    using Shortcut = CentralizedHotkeys::Shortcut;
+
+    struct HotkeyConflictInfo
+    {
+        Hotkey hotkey;
+        std::wstring moduleName;
+        int hotkeyID = 0;
+
+        inline bool operator==(const HotkeyConflictInfo& other) const  
+        {  
+           return hotkey == other.hotkey &&  
+                  moduleName == other.moduleName &&  
+                  hotkeyID == other.hotkeyID;  
+        }
+    };
+
+    Hotkey ShortcutToHotkey(const CentralizedHotkeys::Shortcut& shortcut);
+
+    enum HotkeyConflictType
+    {
+        NoConflict = 0,
+        SystemConflict = 1,
+        InAppConflict = 2,
+    };
+
+    class HotkeyConflictManager
+    {
+    public:
+        static HotkeyConflictManager& GetInstance();
+
+        HotkeyConflictType HasConflict(const Hotkey& hotkey, const wchar_t* moduleName, const int hotkeyID);
+        HotkeyConflictType HotkeyConflictManager::HasConflict(Hotkey const& _hotkey);
+        std::vector<HotkeyConflictInfo> HotkeyConflictManager::GetAllConflicts(Hotkey const& hotkey);
+        bool AddHotkey(const Hotkey& hotkey, const wchar_t* moduleName, const int hotkeyID, bool isEnabled);
+        std::vector<HotkeyConflictInfo> RemoveHotkeyByModule(const std::wstring& moduleName);
+        
+        void EnableHotkeyByModule(const std::wstring& moduleName);
+        void DisableHotkeyByModule(const std::wstring& moduleName);
+
+        json::JsonObject GetHotkeyConflictsAsJson();
+
+    private:
+        static std::mutex instanceMutex;
+        static HotkeyConflictManager* instance;
+
+        std::mutex hotkeyMutex;
+        // Hotkey in hotkeyMap means the hotkey has been registered successfully
+        std::unordered_map<uint16_t, HotkeyConflictInfo> hotkeyMap;
+        // Hotkey in sysConflictHotkeyMap means the hotkey has conflict with system defined hotkeys
+        std::unordered_map<uint16_t, std::unordered_set<HotkeyConflictInfo>> sysConflictHotkeyMap;
+        // Hotkey in inAppConflictHotkeyMap means the hotkey has conflict with other modules
+        std::unordered_map<uint16_t, std::unordered_set<HotkeyConflictInfo>> inAppConflictHotkeyMap;
+
+        std::unordered_map<std::wstring, std::vector<HotkeyConflictInfo>> disabledHotkeys;
+
+        uint16_t GetHotkeyHandle(const Hotkey&);
+        bool HasConflictWithSystemHotkey(const Hotkey&);
+
+        HotkeyConflictManager() = default;
+    };
+};
+
+namespace std
+{
+    template<>
+    struct hash<HotkeyConflictDetector::HotkeyConflictInfo>
+    {
+        size_t operator()(const HotkeyConflictDetector::HotkeyConflictInfo& info) const
+        {
+
+            size_t hotkeyHash =
+                (info.hotkey.win ? 1ULL : 0ULL) |
+                ((info.hotkey.ctrl ? 1ULL : 0ULL) << 1) |
+                ((info.hotkey.shift ? 1ULL : 0ULL) << 2) |
+                ((info.hotkey.alt ? 1ULL : 0ULL) << 3) |
+                (static_cast<size_t>(info.hotkey.key) << 4);
+
+            size_t moduleHash = std::hash<std::wstring>{}(info.moduleName);
+            size_t idHash = std::hash<int>{}(info.hotkeyID);
+
+            return hotkeyHash ^ 
+                ((moduleHash << 1) | (moduleHash >> (sizeof(size_t) * 8 - 1))) ^    // rotate left 1 bit
+                ((idHash << 2) | (idHash >> (sizeof(size_t) * 8 - 2)));         // rotate left 2 bits
+        }
+    };
+}

src/runner/powertoy_module.cpp

@@ -40,13 +40,14 @@ json::JsonObject PowertoyModule::json_config() const
 }
 
 PowertoyModule::PowertoyModule(PowertoyModuleIface* pt_module, HMODULE handle) :
-    handle(handle), pt_module(pt_module)
+    handle(handle), pt_module(pt_module), hkmng(HotkeyConflictDetector::HotkeyConflictManager::GetInstance())
 {
     if (!pt_module)
     {
         throw std::runtime_error("Module not initialized");
     }
 
+    remove_hotkey_records();
     update_hotkeys();
     UpdateHotkeyEx();
 }
@@ -63,19 +64,27 @@ void PowertoyModule::update_hotkeys()
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < hotkeyCount; i++)
     {
-        CentralizedKeyboardHook::SetHotkeyAction(pt_module->get_key(), hotkeys[i], [modulePtr, i] {
-            Logger::trace(L"{} hotkey is invoked from Centralized keyboard hook", modulePtr->get_key());
-            return modulePtr->on_hotkey(i);
-        });
+        if (hotkeys[i].isShown)
+        {
+            hkmng.AddHotkey(hotkeys[i], pt_module->get_key(), static_cast<int>(i), pt_module->is_enabled());
+
+            CentralizedKeyboardHook::SetHotkeyAction(pt_module->get_key(), hotkeys[i], [modulePtr, i] {
+                Logger::trace(L"{} hotkey is invoked from Centralized keyboard hook", modulePtr->get_key());
+                return modulePtr->on_hotkey(i);
+            });
+        }
     }
 }
 
 void PowertoyModule::UpdateHotkeyEx()
 {
     CentralizedHotkeys::UnregisterHotkeysForModule(pt_module->get_key());
+
     auto container = pt_module->GetHotkeyEx();
     if (container.has_value() && pt_module->is_enabled())
     {
+        hkmng.RemoveHotkeyByModule(pt_module->get_key());
+
         auto hotkey = container.value();
         auto modulePtr = pt_module.get();
         auto action = [modulePtr](WORD /*modifiersMask*/, WORD /*vkCode*/) {
@@ -83,6 +92,9 @@ void PowertoyModule::UpdateHotkeyEx()
             modulePtr->OnHotkeyEx();
         };
 
+        HotkeyConflictDetector::Hotkey _hotkey = HotkeyConflictDetector::ShortcutToHotkey({ hotkey.modifiersMask, hotkey.vkCode });
+        hkmng.AddHotkey(_hotkey, pt_module->get_key(), 0, pt_module->is_enabled()); // This is the only one activation hotkey, so we use "0" as the name.
+
         CentralizedHotkeys::AddHotkeyAction({ hotkey.modifiersMask, hotkey.vkCode }, { pt_module->get_key(), action });
     }
 

src/runner/powertoy_module.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
 #include <functional>
+#include "hotkey_conflict_detector.h"
 
 #include <common/utils/json.h>
 
@@ -44,9 +45,17 @@ public:
 
     void UpdateHotkeyEx();
 
+    inline void remove_hotkey_records()
+    {
+        hkmng.RemoveHotkeyByModule(pt_module->get_key());
+    }
+
 private:
+    HotkeyConflictDetector::HotkeyConflictManager& hkmng;
     std::unique_ptr<HMODULE, PowertoyModuleDLLDeleter> handle;
     std::unique_ptr<PowertoyModuleIface, PowertoyModuleDeleter> pt_module;
+
+    
 };
 
 PowertoyModule load_powertoy(const std::wstring_view filename);

src/runner/runner.vcxproj

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="bug_report.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="centralized_hotkeys.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="general_settings.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="hotkey_conflict_detector.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="pch.cpp">
       <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(UsePrecompiledHeaders)' != 'false'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="bug_report.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="centralized_hotkeys.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="general_settings.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="hotkey_conflict_detector.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="pch.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="centralized_kb_hook.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="settings_telemetry.h" />

src/runner/runner.vcxproj.filters

@@ -45,6 +45,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="bug_report.cpp">
       <Filter>Utils</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="hotkey_conflict_detector.cpp">
+      <Filter>Utils</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="pch.h" />
@@ -93,6 +96,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="bug_report.h">
       <Filter>Utils</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="hotkey_conflict_detector.h">
+      <Filter>Utils</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <Filter Include="Utils">

src/runner/settings_window.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "UpdateUtils.h"
 #include "centralized_kb_hook.h"
 #include "Generated files/resource.h"
+#include "hotkey_conflict_detector.h"
 
 #include <common/utils/json.h>
 #include <common/SettingsAPI/settings_helpers.cpp>
@@ -153,6 +154,8 @@ void send_json_config_to_module(const std::wstring& module_key, const std::wstri
     if (moduleIt != modules().end())
     {
         moduleIt->second->set_config(settings.c_str());
+
+        moduleIt->second.remove_hotkey_records();
         moduleIt->second.update_hotkeys();
         moduleIt->second.UpdateHotkeyEx();
     }
@@ -249,6 +252,77 @@ void dispatch_received_json(const std::wstring& json_to_parse)
             const std::wstring save_file_location = PTSettingsHelper::get_root_save_folder_location() + language_filename;
             json::to_file(save_file_location, j);
         }
+        else if (name == L"check_hotkey_conflict")
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                PowertoyModuleIface::Hotkey hotkey;
+                hotkey.win = value.GetObjectW().GetNamedBoolean(L"win", false);
+                hotkey.ctrl = value.GetObjectW().GetNamedBoolean(L"ctrl", false);
+                hotkey.shift = value.GetObjectW().GetNamedBoolean(L"shift", false);
+                hotkey.alt = value.GetObjectW().GetNamedBoolean(L"alt", false);
+                hotkey.key = static_cast<unsigned char>(value.GetObjectW().GetNamedNumber(L"key", 0));
+
+                std::wstring requestId = value.GetObjectW().GetNamedString(L"request_id", L"").c_str();
+
+                auto& hkmng = HotkeyConflictDetector::HotkeyConflictManager::GetInstance();
+                bool hasConflict = hkmng.HasConflict(hotkey);
+
+                json::JsonObject response;
+                response.SetNamedValue(L"response_type", json::JsonValue::CreateStringValue(L"hotkey_conflict_result"));
+                response.SetNamedValue(L"request_id", json::JsonValue::CreateStringValue(requestId));
+                response.SetNamedValue(L"has_conflict", json::JsonValue::CreateBooleanValue(hasConflict));
+
+                if (hasConflict)
+                {
+                    auto conflicts = hkmng.GetAllConflicts(hotkey);
+                    if (!conflicts.empty())
+                    {
+                        // Include all conflicts in the response
+                        json::JsonArray allConflicts;
+                        for (const auto& conflict : conflicts)
+                        {
+                            json::JsonObject conflictObj;
+                            conflictObj.SetNamedValue(L"module", json::JsonValue::CreateStringValue(conflict.moduleName));
+                            conflictObj.SetNamedValue(L"hotkeyID", json::JsonValue::CreateNumberValue(conflict.hotkeyID));
+                            allConflicts.Append(conflictObj);
+                        }
+                        response.SetNamedValue(L"all_conflicts", allConflicts);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                std::unique_lock lock{ ipc_mutex };
+                if (current_settings_ipc)
+                {
+                    current_settings_ipc->send(response.Stringify().c_str());
+                }
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            {
+                Logger::error(L"Failed to process hotkey conflict check request");
+            }
+        }
+        else if (name == L"get_all_hotkey_conflicts")
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                auto& hkmng = HotkeyConflictDetector::HotkeyConflictManager::GetInstance();
+                auto conflictsJson = hkmng.GetHotkeyConflictsAsJson();
+
+                // Add response type identifier
+                conflictsJson.SetNamedValue(L"response_type", json::JsonValue::CreateStringValue(L"all_hotkey_conflicts"));
+
+                std::unique_lock lock{ ipc_mutex };
+                if (current_settings_ipc)
+                {
+                    current_settings_ipc->send(conflictsJson.Stringify().c_str());
+                }
+            }
+            catch (...)
+            {
+                Logger::error(L"Failed to process get all hotkey conflicts request");
+            }
+        }
     }
     return;
 }

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/AdvancedPasteAdditionalAction.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library;
 public sealed partial class AdvancedPasteAdditionalAction : Observable, IAdvancedPasteAction
 {
     private HotkeySettings _shortcut = new();
-    private bool _isShown = true;
+    private bool _isShown;
+    private bool _hasConflict;
+    private string _tooltip;
 
     [JsonPropertyName("shortcut")]
     public HotkeySettings Shortcut
@@ -38,6 +40,20 @@ public sealed partial class AdvancedPasteAdditionalAction : Observable, IAdvance
         set => Set(ref _isShown, value);
     }
 
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public bool HasConflict
+    {
+        get => _hasConflict;
+        set => Set(ref _hasConflict, value);
+    }
+
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public string Tooltip
+    {
+        get => _tooltip;
+        set => Set(ref _tooltip, value);
+    }
+
     [JsonIgnore]
     public IEnumerable<IAdvancedPasteAction> SubActions => [];
 }

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/AdvancedPasteAdditionalActions.cs

@@ -28,16 +28,23 @@ public sealed class AdvancedPasteAdditionalActions
 
     public IEnumerable<IAdvancedPasteAction> GetAllActions()
     {
-        Queue<IAdvancedPasteAction> queue = new([ImageToText, PasteAsFile, Transcode]);
+        return GetAllActionsRecursive([ImageToText, PasteAsFile, Transcode]);
+    }
 
-        while (queue.Count != 0)
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Changed to depth-first traversal to ensure ordered output
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="actions">The collection of actions to traverse</param>
+    /// <returns>All actions returned in depth-first order</returns>
+    private static IEnumerable<IAdvancedPasteAction> GetAllActionsRecursive(IEnumerable<IAdvancedPasteAction> actions)
+    {
+        foreach (var action in actions)
         {
-            var action = queue.Dequeue();
             yield return action;
 
-            foreach (var subAction in action.SubActions)
+            foreach (var subAction in GetAllActionsRecursive(action.SubActions))
             {
-                queue.Enqueue(subAction);
+                yield return subAction;
             }
         }
     }

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/AdvancedPasteCustomAction.cs

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.HotkeyConflicts;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library;
 
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ public sealed class AdvancedPasteCustomAction : Observable, IAdvancedPasteAction
     private bool _canMoveUp;
     private bool _canMoveDown;
     private bool _isValid;
+    private bool _hasConflict;
+    private string _tooltip;
 
     [JsonPropertyName("id")]
     public int Id
@@ -65,7 +67,6 @@ public sealed class AdvancedPasteCustomAction : Observable, IAdvancedPasteAction
                 // We null-coalesce here rather than outside this branch as we want to raise PropertyChanged when the setter is called
                 // with null; the ShortcutControl depends on this.
                 _shortcut = value ?? new();
-
                 OnPropertyChanged();
             }
         }
@@ -99,6 +100,20 @@ public sealed class AdvancedPasteCustomAction : Observable, IAdvancedPasteAction
         private set => Set(ref _isValid, value);
     }
 
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public bool HasConflict
+    {
+        get => _hasConflict;
+        set => Set(ref _hasConflict, value);
+    }
+
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public string Tooltip
+    {
+        get => _tooltip;
+        set => Set(ref _tooltip, value);
+    }
+
     [JsonIgnore]
     public IEnumerable<IAdvancedPasteAction> SubActions => [];
 
@@ -118,6 +133,8 @@ public sealed class AdvancedPasteCustomAction : Observable, IAdvancedPasteAction
         IsShown = other.IsShown;
         CanMoveUp = other.CanMoveUp;
         CanMoveDown = other.CanMoveDown;
+        HasConflict = other.HasConflict;
+        Tooltip = other.Tooltip;
     }
 
     private HotkeySettings GetShortcutClone()

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/AdvancedPasteSettings.cs

@@ -3,14 +3,16 @@
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class AdvancedPasteSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class AdvancedPasteSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "AdvancedPaste";
 
@@ -39,6 +41,64 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             settingsUtils.SaveSettings(JsonSerializer.Serialize(this, options), ModuleName);
         }
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.AdvancedPaste;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.PasteAsPlainTextShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.PasteAsPlainTextShortcut = value ?? AdvancedPasteProperties.DefaultPasteAsPlainTextShortcut,
+                    "PasteAsPlainText_Shortcut"),
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.AdvancedPasteUIShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.AdvancedPasteUIShortcut = value ?? AdvancedPasteProperties.DefaultAdvancedPasteUIShortcut,
+                    "AdvancedPasteUI_Shortcut"),
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.PasteAsMarkdownShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.PasteAsMarkdownShortcut = value ?? new HotkeySettings(),
+                    "PasteAsMarkdown_Shortcut"),
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.PasteAsJsonShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.PasteAsJsonShortcut = value ?? new HotkeySettings(),
+                    "PasteAsJson_Shortcut"),
+            };
+
+            string[] additionalActionHeaderKeys =
+            [
+                "ImageToText",
+                "PasteAsTxtFile",
+                "PasteAsPngFile",
+                "PasteAsHtmlFile",
+                "TranscodeToMp3",
+                "TranscodeToMp4",
+            ];
+            int index = 0;
+            foreach (var action in Properties.AdditionalActions.GetAllActions())
+            {
+                if (action is AdvancedPasteAdditionalAction additionalAction)
+                {
+                    hotkeyAccessors.Add(new HotkeyAccessor(
+                        () => additionalAction.Shortcut,
+                        value => additionalAction.Shortcut = value ?? new HotkeySettings(),
+                        additionalActionHeaderKeys[index]));
+                    index++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Custom actions do not have localization header, just use the action name.
+            foreach (var customAction in Properties.CustomActions.Value)
+            {
+                hotkeyAccessors.Add(new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => customAction.Shortcut,
+                    value => customAction.Shortcut = value ?? new HotkeySettings(),
+                    customAction.Name));
+            }
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         public string GetModuleName()
             => Name;
 

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/AlwaysOnTopSettings.cs

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@
 // The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class AlwaysOnTopSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class AlwaysOnTopSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "AlwaysOnTop";
         public const string ModuleVersion = "0.0.1";
@@ -28,6 +30,21 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             return Name;
         }
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.AlwaysOnTop;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.Hotkey.Value,
+                    value => Properties.Hotkey.Value = value ?? AlwaysOnTopProperties.DefaultHotkeyValue,
+                    "AlwaysOnTop_ActivationShortcut"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         public bool UpgradeSettingsConfiguration()
         {
             return false;

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/ColorPickerSettings.cs

@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
 using ManagedCommon;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Enumerations;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class ColorPickerSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class ColorPickerSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "ColorPicker";
 
@@ -64,6 +64,21 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             return false;
         }
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.ColorPicker;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ActivationShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.ActivationShortcut = value ?? Properties.DefaultActivationShortcut,
+                    "Activation_Shortcut"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         public static object UpgradeSettings(object oldSettingsObject)
         {
             ColorPickerSettingsVersion1 oldSettings = (ColorPickerSettingsVersion1)oldSettingsObject;

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/ColorPickerSettingsVersion1.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/CropAndLockSettings.cs

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@
 // The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class CropAndLockSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class CropAndLockSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "CropAndLock";
         public const string ModuleVersion = "0.0.1";
@@ -28,6 +30,25 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             return Name;
         }
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.CropAndLock;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ReparentHotkey.Value,
+                    value => Properties.ReparentHotkey.Value = value ?? CropAndLockProperties.DefaultReparentHotkeyValue,
+                    "CropAndLock_ReparentActivation_Shortcut"),
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ThumbnailHotkey.Value,
+                    value => Properties.ThumbnailHotkey.Value = value ?? CropAndLockProperties.DefaultThumbnailHotkeyValue,
+                    "CropAndLock_ThumbnailActivation_Shortcut"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         public bool UpgradeSettingsConfiguration()
         {
             return false;

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/FindMyMouseSettings.cs

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@
 // The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class FindMyMouseSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class FindMyMouseSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "FindMyMouse";
 
@@ -27,6 +29,21 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             return Name;
         }
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.FindMyMouse;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ActivationShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.ActivationShortcut = value ?? Properties.DefaultActivationShortcut,
+                    "MouseUtils_FindMyMouse_ActivationShortcut"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         // This can be utilized in the future if the settings.json file is to be modified/deleted.
         public bool UpgradeSettingsConfiguration()
         {

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/Helpers/HotkeyAccessor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers
+{
+    public class HotkeyAccessor
+    {
+        public Func<HotkeySettings> Getter { get; }
+
+        public Action<HotkeySettings> Setter { get; }
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor(Func<HotkeySettings> getter, Action<HotkeySettings> setter, string localizationHeaderKey = "")
+        {
+            Getter = getter ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(getter));
+            Setter = setter ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(setter));
+            LocalizationHeaderKey = localizationHeaderKey;
+        }
+
+        public HotkeySettings Value
+        {
+            get => Getter();
+            set => Setter(value);
+        }
+
+        public string LocalizationHeaderKey { get; set; }
+    }
+}

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/HotkeyConflicts/AllHotkeyConflictsData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.HotkeyConflicts
+{
+    public class AllHotkeyConflictsData
+    {
+        public List<HotkeyConflictGroupData> InAppConflicts { get; set; } = new List<HotkeyConflictGroupData>();
+
+        public List<HotkeyConflictGroupData> SystemConflicts { get; set; } = new List<HotkeyConflictGroupData>();
+    }
+}

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/HotkeyConflicts/AllHotkeyConflictsEventArgs.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.HotkeyConflicts
+{
+    public class AllHotkeyConflictsEventArgs : EventArgs
+    {
+        public AllHotkeyConflictsData Conflicts { get; }
+
+        public AllHotkeyConflictsEventArgs(AllHotkeyConflictsData conflicts)
+        {
+            Conflicts = conflicts;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/HotkeyConflicts/HotkeyConflictGroupData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.HotkeyConflicts
+{
+    public class HotkeyConflictGroupData
+    {
+        public HotkeyData Hotkey { get; set; }
+
+        public bool IsSystemConflict { get; set; }
+
+        public List<ModuleHotkeyData> Modules { get; set; }
+    }
+}

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/HotkeyConflicts/HotkeyConflictInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.HotkeyConflicts
+{
+    public class HotkeyConflictInfo
+    {
+        public bool IsSystemConflict { get; set; }
+
+        public string ConflictingModuleName { get; set; }
+
+        public int ConflictingHotkeyID { get; set; }
+
+        public List<string> AllConflictingModules { get; set; } = new List<string>();
+    }
+}

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/HotkeyConflicts/HotkeyData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Utilities;
+
+namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.HotkeyConflicts
+{
+    public class HotkeyData
+    {
+        public bool Win { get; set; }
+
+        public bool Ctrl { get; set; }
+
+        public bool Shift { get; set; }
+
+        public bool Alt { get; set; }
+
+        public int Key { get; set; }
+
+        public List<object> GetKeysList()
+        {
+            List<object> shortcutList = new List<object>();
+
+            if (Win)
+            {
+                shortcutList.Add(92); // The Windows key or button.
+            }
+
+            if (Ctrl)
+            {
+                shortcutList.Add("Ctrl");
+            }
+
+            if (Alt)
+            {
+                shortcutList.Add("Alt");
+            }
+
+            if (Shift)
+            {
+                shortcutList.Add(16); // The Shift key or button.
+            }
+
+            if (Key > 0)
+            {
+                switch (Key)
+                {
+                    // https://learn.microsoft.com/uwp/api/windows.system.virtualkey?view=winrt-20348
+                    case 38: // The Up Arrow key or button.
+                    case 40: // The Down Arrow key or button.
+                    case 37: // The Left Arrow key or button.
+                    case 39: // The Right Arrow key or button.
+                        shortcutList.Add(Key);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        var localKey = Helper.GetKeyName((uint)Key);
+                        shortcutList.Add(localKey);
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return shortcutList;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/HotkeyConflicts/ModuleConflictsData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.HotkeyConflicts
+{
+    public class ModuleConflictsData
+    {
+        public List<HotkeyConflictGroupData> InAppConflicts { get; set; } = new List<HotkeyConflictGroupData>();
+
+        public List<HotkeyConflictGroupData> SystemConflicts { get; set; } = new List<HotkeyConflictGroupData>();
+
+        public bool HasConflicts => InAppConflicts.Count > 0 || SystemConflicts.Count > 0;
+    }
+}

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/HotkeyConflicts/ModuleHotkeyData.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
+using Windows.Web.AtomPub;
+
+namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.HotkeyConflicts
+{
+    public class ModuleHotkeyData : INotifyPropertyChanged
+    {
+        private string _moduleName;
+        private int _hotkeyID;
+        private HotkeySettings _hotkeySettings;
+        private bool _isSystemConflict;
+
+        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
+
+        public string IconPath { get; set; }
+
+        public string DisplayName { get; set; }
+
+        public string Header { get; set; }
+
+        protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
+        {
+            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
+        }
+
+        public string ModuleName
+        {
+            get => _moduleName;
+            set
+            {
+                if (_moduleName != value)
+                {
+                    _moduleName = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int HotkeyID
+        {
+            get => _hotkeyID;
+            set
+            {
+                if (_hotkeyID != value)
+                {
+                    _hotkeyID = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public HotkeySettings HotkeySettings
+        {
+            get => _hotkeySettings;
+            set
+            {
+                if (_hotkeySettings != value)
+                {
+                    _hotkeySettings = value;
+                    OnPropertyChanged();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool IsSystemConflict
+        {
+            get => _isSystemConflict;
+            set
+            {
+                if (_isSystemConflict != value)
+                {
+                    _isSystemConflict = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ModuleType ModuleType { get; set; }
+    }
+}

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/HotkeySettings.cs

@@ -4,17 +4,29 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.Globalization;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Utilities;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public record HotkeySettings : ICmdLineRepresentable
+    public record HotkeySettings : ICmdLineRepresentable, INotifyPropertyChanged
     {
         private const int VKTAB = 0x09;
+        private bool _hasConflict;
+        private string _conflictDescription;
+        private bool _isSystemConflict;
+
+        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
+
+        protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
+        {
+            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
+        }
 
         public HotkeySettings()
         {
@@ -23,6 +35,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             Alt = false;
             Shift = false;
             Code = 0;
+
+            HasConflict = false;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -40,6 +54,51 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             Alt = alt;
             Shift = shift;
             Code = code;
+            HasConflict = false;
+        }
+
+        public bool HasConflict
+        {
+            get => _hasConflict;
+            set
+            {
+                if (_hasConflict != value)
+                {
+                    _hasConflict = value;
+                    OnPropertyChanged();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public string ConflictDescription
+        {
+            get => _conflictDescription ?? string.Empty;
+            set
+            {
+                if (_conflictDescription != value)
+                {
+                    _conflictDescription = value;
+                    OnPropertyChanged();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool IsSystemConflict
+        {
+            get => _isSystemConflict;
+            set
+            {
+                if (_isSystemConflict != value)
+                {
+                    _isSystemConflict = value;
+                    OnPropertyChanged();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public virtual void UpdateConflictStatus()
+        {
+            Logger.LogInfo($"{this.ToString()}");
         }
 
         [JsonPropertyName("win")]

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/Interfaces/IHotkeyConfig.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
+
+namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces
+{
+    public interface IHotkeyConfig
+    {
+        HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors();
+
+        ModuleType GetModuleType();
+    }
+}

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/MeasureToolSettings.cs

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@
 // The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class MeasureToolSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class MeasureToolSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "Measure Tool";
 
@@ -25,6 +27,21 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
         public string GetModuleName()
             => Name;
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.MeasureTool;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ActivationShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.ActivationShortcut = value ?? Properties.DefaultActivationShortcut,
+                    "MeasureTool_ActivationShortcut"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         // This can be utilized in the future if the settings.json file is to be modified/deleted.
         public bool UpgradeSettingsConfiguration()
             => false;

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/MouseHighlighterSettings.cs

@@ -2,15 +2,17 @@
 // The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class MouseHighlighterSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class MouseHighlighterSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "MouseHighlighter";
 
@@ -29,6 +31,21 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             return Name;
         }
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.MouseHighlighter;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ActivationShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.ActivationShortcut = value ?? Properties.DefaultActivationShortcut,
+                    "MouseUtils_MouseHighlighter_ActivationShortcut"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         // This can be utilized in the future if the settings.json file is to be modified/deleted.
         public bool UpgradeSettingsConfiguration()
         {

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/MouseJumpSettings.cs

@@ -3,16 +3,18 @@
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 using MouseJump.Common.Helpers;
 using MouseJump.Common.Models.Settings;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class MouseJumpSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class MouseJumpSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "MouseJump";
 
@@ -46,6 +48,21 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             return Name;
         }
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.MouseJump;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ActivationShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.ActivationShortcut = value ?? Properties.DefaultActivationShortcut,
+                    "MouseUtils_MouseJump_ActivationShortcut"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         // This can be utilized in the future if the settings.json file is to be modified/deleted.
         public bool UpgradeSettingsConfiguration()
         {

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/MousePointerCrosshairsSettings.cs

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@
 // The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class MousePointerCrosshairsSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class MousePointerCrosshairsSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "MousePointerCrosshairs";
 
@@ -27,6 +29,21 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             return Name;
         }
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.MousePointerCrosshairs;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ActivationShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.ActivationShortcut = value ?? Properties.DefaultActivationShortcut,
+                    "MouseUtils_MousePointerCrosshairs_ActivationShortcut"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         // This can be utilized in the future if the settings.json file is to be modified/deleted.
         public bool UpgradeSettingsConfiguration()
         {

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/MouseWithoutBordersSettings.cs

@@ -3,15 +3,17 @@
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class MouseWithoutBordersSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class MouseWithoutBordersSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "MouseWithoutBorders";
 
@@ -37,6 +39,33 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             return Name;
         }
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.MouseWithoutBorders;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ToggleEasyMouseShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.ToggleEasyMouseShortcut = value ?? MouseWithoutBordersProperties.DefaultHotKeyToggleEasyMouse,
+                    "MouseWithoutBorders_ToggleEasyMouseShortcut"),
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.LockMachineShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.LockMachineShortcut = value ?? MouseWithoutBordersProperties.DefaultHotKeyLockMachine,
+                    "MouseWithoutBorders_LockMachinesShortcut"),
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.Switch2AllPCShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.Switch2AllPCShortcut = value ?? MouseWithoutBordersProperties.DefaultHotKeySwitch2AllPC,
+                    "MouseWithoutBorders_Switch2AllPcShortcut"),
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ReconnectShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.ReconnectShortcut = value ?? MouseWithoutBordersProperties.DefaultHotKeyReconnect,
+                    "MouseWithoutBorders_ReconnectShortcut"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         public HotkeySettings ConvertMouseWithoutBordersHotKeyToPowerToys(int value)
         {
             // VK_A <= value <= VK_Z

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/PeekSettings.cs

@@ -3,14 +3,16 @@
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class PeekSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class PeekSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "Peek";
         public const string ModuleVersion = "0.0.1";
@@ -35,6 +37,21 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             return Name;
         }
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.Peek;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ActivationShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.ActivationShortcut = value ?? Properties.DefaultActivationShortcut,
+                    "Activation_Shortcut"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         public bool UpgradeSettingsConfiguration()
         {
             return false;

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/PowerLauncherSettings.cs

@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class PowerLauncherSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class PowerLauncherSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "PowerToys Run";
 
@@ -49,6 +50,21 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
             return Name;
         }
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.PowerLauncher;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.OpenPowerLauncher,
+                    value => Properties.OpenPowerLauncher = value ?? Properties.DefaultOpenPowerLauncher,
+                    "PowerLauncher_OpenPowerLauncher"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         // This can be utilized in the future if the settings.json file is to be modified/deleted.
         public bool UpgradeSettingsConfiguration()
         {

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/PowerOcrSettings.cs

@@ -3,14 +3,16 @@
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
+using ManagedCommon;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
 
 namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
 {
-    public class PowerOcrSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig
+    public class PowerOcrSettings : BasePTModuleSettings, ISettingsConfig, IHotkeyConfig
     {
         public const string ModuleName = "TextExtractor";
 
@@ -42,6 +44,21 @@ namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library
         public string GetModuleName()
             => Name;
 
+        public ModuleType GetModuleType() => ModuleType.PowerOCR;
+
+        public HotkeyAccessor[] GetAllHotkeyAccessors()
+        {
+            var hotkeyAccessors = new List<HotkeyAccessor>
+            {
+                new HotkeyAccessor(
+                    () => Properties.ActivationShortcut,
+                    value => Properties.ActivationShortcut = value ?? Properties.DefaultActivationShortcut,
+                    "Activation_Shortcut"),
+            };
+
+            return hotkeyAccessors.ToArray();
+        }
+
         // This can be utilized in the future if the settings.json file is to be modified/deleted.
         public bool UpgradeSettingsConfiguration()
             => false;

src/settings-ui/Settings.UI.Library/SettingsFactory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Helpers;
+using Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Library.Interfaces;
+
+namespace Microsoft.PowerToys.Settings.UI.Services
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Factory service for getting PowerToys module Settings that implement IHotkeyConfig
+    /// </summary>
+    public class SettingsFactory
+    {
+        private readonly ISettingsUtils _settingsUtils;
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, Type> _settingsTypes;
+
+        public SettingsFactory(ISettingsUtils settingsUtils)
+        {
+            _settingsUtils = settingsUtils ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(settingsUtils));
+            _settingsTypes = DiscoverSettingsTypes();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Dynamically discovers all Settings types that implement IHotkeyConfig
+        /// </summary>
+        private Dictionary<string, Type> DiscoverSettingsTypes()
+        {
+            var settingsTypes = new Dictionary<string, Type>();
+
+            // Get the Settings.UI.Library assembly
+            var assembly = Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof(IHotkeyConfig));
+            if (assembly == null)
+            {
+                return settingsTypes;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Find all types that implement IHotkeyConfig and ISettingsConfig
+                var hotkeyConfigTypes = assembly.GetTypes()
+                    .Where(type =>
+                        type.IsClass &&
+                        !type.IsAbstract &&
+                        typeof(IHotkeyConfig).IsAssignableFrom(type) &&
+                        typeof(ISettingsConfig).IsAssignableFrom(type))
+                    .ToList();
+
+                foreach (var type in hotkeyConfigTypes)
+                {
+                    // Try to get the ModuleName using SettingsRepository
+                    try
+                    {
+                        var repositoryType = typeof(SettingsRepository<>).MakeGenericType(type);
+                        var getInstanceMethod = repositoryType.GetMethod("GetInstance", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static);
+                        var repository = getInstanceMethod?.Invoke(null, new object[] { _settingsUtils });
+
+                        if (repository != null)
+                        {
+                            var settingsConfigProperty = repository.GetType().GetProperty("SettingsConfig");
+                            var settingsInstance = settingsConfigProperty?.GetValue(repository) as ISettingsConfig;
+
+                            if (settingsInstance != null)
+                            {
+                                var moduleName = settingsInstance.GetModuleName();
+                                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(moduleName))
+                                {
+                                    settingsTypes[moduleName] = type;
+                                    System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"Discovered settings type: {type.Name} for module: {moduleName}");
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception ex)
+                    {
+                        System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"Error getting module name for {type.Name}: {ex.Message}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"Error scanning assembly {assembly.FullName}: {ex.Message}");
+            }
+
+            return settingsTypes;
+        }
+
+        public IHotkeyConfig GetFreshSettings(string moduleKey)
+        {
+            if (!_settingsTypes.TryGetValue(moduleKey, out var settingsType))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Create a generic method call to _settingsUtils.GetSettingsOrDefault<T>(moduleKey)
+                var getSettingsMethod = typeof(ISettingsUtils).GetMethod("GetSettingsOrDefault", new[] { typeof(string), typeof(string) });
+                var genericMethod = getSettingsMethod?.MakeGenericMethod(settingsType);
+
+                // Call GetSettingsOrDefault<T>(moduleKey) to get fresh settings from file
+                var freshSettings = genericMethod?.Invoke(_settingsUtils, new object[] { moduleKey, "settings.json" });
+
+                return freshSettings as IHotkeyConfig;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"Error getting fresh settings for {moduleKey}: {ex.Message}");
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a settings instance for the specified module using SettingsRepository
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="moduleKey">The module key/name</param>
+        /// <returns>The settings instance implementing IHotkeyConfig, or null if not found</returns>
+        public IHotkeyConfig GetSettings(string moduleKey)
+        {
+            if (!_settingsTypes.TryGetValue(moduleKey, out var settingsType))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                var repositoryType = typeof(SettingsRepository<>).MakeGenericType(settingsType);
+                var getInstanceMethod = repositoryType.GetMethod("GetInstance", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static);
+                var repository = getInstanceMethod?.Invoke(null, new object[] { _settingsUtils });
+
+                if (repository != null)
+                {
+                    var settingsConfigProperty = repository.GetType().GetProperty("SettingsConfig");
+                    return settingsConfigProperty?.GetValue(repository) as IHotkeyConfig;
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"Error getting Settings for {moduleKey}: {ex.Message}");
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets all available module names that have settings implementing IHotkeyConfig
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>List of module names</returns>
+        public List<string> GetAvailableModuleNames()
+        {
+            return _settingsTypes.Keys.ToList();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets all available settings that implement IHotkeyConfig
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Dictionary of module name to settings instance</returns>
+        public Dictionary<string, IHotkeyConfig> GetAllHotkeySettings()
+        {
+            var result = new Dictionary<string, IHotkeyConfig>();
+
+            foreach (var moduleKey in _settingsTypes.Keys)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    var settings = GetSettings(moduleKey);
+                    if (settings != null)
+                    {
+                        result[moduleKey] = settings;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"Error getting settings for {moduleKey}: {ex.Message}");
+                }
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a specific settings repository instance
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The settings type</typeparam>
+        /// <returns>The settings repository instance</returns>
+        public ISettingsRepository<T> GetRepository<T>()
+            where T : class, ISettingsConfig, new()
+        {
+            return SettingsRepository<T>.GetInstance(_settingsUtils);
+        }
+    }
+}