Dokku uses nginx as its server for routing requests to specific applications. By default, access and error logs are written for each app to `/var/log/nginx/${APP}-access.log` and `/var/log/nginx/${APP}-error.log` respectively
By default, the `web` process is the only process proxied by the nginx proxy implementation. Proxying to other process types may be handled by a custom `nginx.conf.sigil` file, as generally described [below](/docs/networking/proxies/nginx.md#customizing-the-nginx-configuration)
Nginx will proxy the requests in a [round-robin balancing fashion](http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html#upstream) to the different deployed (scaled) containers running the `web` proctype. This way, the host's resources can be fully leveraged for single-threaded applications (e.g. `dokku ps:scale node-js-app web=4` on a 4-core machine).
By default, nginx will listen to all interfaces (`[::]` for IPv6, `0.0.0.0` for IPv4) when proxying requests to applications. This may be changed using the `bind-address-ipv4` and `bind-address-ipv6` properties. This is useful in cases where the proxying should be internal to a network or if there are multiple network interfaces that should respond with different content.
This may be reverted by setting an empty bind address.
```shell
dokku nginx:set node-js-app bind-address-ipv4
dokku nginx:set node-js-app bind-address-ipv6
```
> Warning: Validation is not performed on either value.
Users with apps that contain a custom `nginx.conf.sigil` file will need to modify the files to respect the new `NGINX_BIND_ADDRESS_IPV4` and `NGINX_BIND_ADDRESS_IPV6` variables.
If SSL certificates are present, HSTS will be automatically enabled. It can be toggled via `nginx:set`:
```shell
dokku nginx:set node-js-app hsts true
dokku nginx:set node-js-app hsts false
```
The following options are also available via the `nginx:set` command:
-`hsts` (type: boolean, default: `true`): Enables or disables HSTS for your application.
-`hsts-include-subdomains` (type: boolean, default: `true`): Tells the browser that the HSTS policy also applies to all subdomains of the current domain.
-`hsts-max-age` (type: integer, default: `15724800`): Time in seconds to cache HSTS configuration.
-`hsts-preload` (type: boolean, default: `false`): Tells most major web browsers to include the domain in their HSTS preload lists.
Beware that if you enable the header and a subsequent deploy of your application results in an HTTP deploy (for whatever reason), the way the header works means that a browser will not attempt to request the HTTP version of your site if the HTTPS version fails until the max-age is reached.
You may check nginx access logs via the `nginx:access-logs` command. This assumes that app access logs are being stored in `/var/log/nginx/$APP-access.log`, as is the default in the generated `nginx.conf`.
```shell
dokku nginx:access-logs node-js-app
```
You may also follow the logs by specifying the `-t` flag.
You may check nginx error logs via the `nginx:error-logs` command. This assumes that app error logs are being stored in `/var/log/nginx/$APP-error.log`, as is the default in the generated `nginx.conf`.
The defaults should not be changed without verifying that the paths will be writeable by nginx. However, this setting is useful for enabling or disabling logging by setting the values to `off`.
Prior to changing the log-format, log formats should be specified at a file such as `/etc/nginx/conf.d/00-log-formats.conf`. This will ensure they are available within your app's nginx context. For instance, the following may be added to the above file. It only needs to be specified once to be used for all apps.
When proxying requests to your applications, it may be useful to specify a proxy read timeout. This can be done via the `nginx:set` command as follows:
Users can override the default `client_max_body_size` value - which limits file uploads - via `nginx:set`. Changing this value will only apply to every `server` stanza of the default `nginx.conf.sigil`; users of custom `nginx.conf.sigil` files must update their templates to support the new value.
The default value is empty string, which will result in nginx falling back to any configured, higher-level defaults (or `1m` if unconfigued; all numerical values _must_ have a size unit specified (`k` for kilobytes, `m` for megabytes).
Changing this value when using the PHP buildpack (or any other buildpack that uses an intermediary server) will require changing the value in the server config shipped with that buildpack. Consult your buildpack documentation for further details.
It may be desired to validate an nginx config outside of the deployment process. To do so, run the `nginx:validate-config` command. With no arguments, this will validate all app nginx configs, one at a time. A minimal wrapper nginx config is generated for each app's nginx config, upon which `nginx -t` will be run.
As app nginx configs are actually executed within a shared context, it is possible for an individual config to be invalid when being validated standalone but _also_ be valid within the global server context. As such, the exit code for the `nginx:validate-config` command is the exit code of `nginx -t` against the server's real nginx config.
Dokku uses a templating library by the name of [sigil](https://github.com/gliderlabs/sigil) to generate nginx configuration for each app. This may be overriden by committing the [default configuration template](https://github.com/dokku/dokku/blob/master/plugins/nginx-vhosts/templates/nginx.conf.sigil) to a file named `nginx.conf.sigil` in the root of the app repository.
By default, the `nginx.conf.sigil` path is pulled from the root of the app source code repository. To change the path from which the `nginx.conf.sigil` is extracted, the `nginx-conf-sigil-path` property can be modified via `nginx:set`.
> The [default template](https://github.com/dokku/dokku/blob/master/plugins/nginx-vhosts/templates/nginx.conf.sigil) may change with new releases of Dokku. Please refer to the appropriate template file version for your Dokku version, and make sure to look out for changes when you upgrade.
While enabled by default, using a custom nginx config can be disabled via `nginx:set`. This may be useful in cases where you do not want to allow users to override any higher-level customization of app nginx config.
Finally, each process type has it's network listeners - a list of IP:PORT pairs for the respective app containers - exposed via an `.DOKKU_APP_${PROCESS_TYPE}_LISTENERS` variable - the `PROCESS_TYPE` will be upper-cased with hyphens transformed into underscores. Users can use the new variables to expose non-web processes via the nginx proxy.
> Note: Application environment variables are available for use in custom templates. To do so, use the form of `{{ var "FOO" }}` to access a variable named `FOO`.
The example above uses additional configuration files directly on the Dokku host. Unlike the `nginx.conf.sigil` file, these additional files will not be copied over from your application repo, and thus need to be placed in the `/home/dokku/node-js-app/nginx.conf.d/` directory manually.
For PHP Buildpack users, you will also need to provide a `Procfile` and an accompanying `nginx.conf` file to customize the nginx config _within_ the container. The following are example contents for your `Procfile`
By default, Dokku provides custom error pages for the following three categories of errors:
- 4xx: For all non-404 errors with a 4xx response code.
- 404: For "404 Not Found" errors.
- 5xx: For all 5xx error responses
These are provided as an alternative to the generic Nginx error page, are shared for _all_ applications, and their contents are located on disk at `/var/lib/dokku/data/nginx-vhosts/dokku-errors`. To customize them for a specific app, create a custom `nginx.conf.sigil` as described above and change the paths to point elsewhere.
By default, Dokku will route any received request with an unknown HOST header value to the lexicographically first site in the nginx config stack. If this is not the desired behavior, you may want to add the following configuration to the global nginx configuration.
Create the file at `/etc/nginx/conf.d/00-default-vhost.conf`:
```nginx
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
access_log off;
return 410;
}
# To handle HTTPS requests, you can uncomment the following section.
#
# Please note that in order to let this work as expected, you need a valid
# SSL certificate for any domains being served. Browsers will show SSL
# errors in all other cases.
#
# Note that the key and certificate files in the below example need to
# be copied into /etc/nginx/ssl/ folder.
#
# server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# listen [::]:443 ssl;
# server_name _;
# ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/cert.crt;
# ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/cert.key;
# access_log off;
# return 410;
# }
```
Make sure to reload nginx after creating this file by running `service nginx reload`.
This will catch all unknown HOST header values and return a `410 Gone` response. You can replace the `return 410;` with `return 444;` which will cause nginx to not respond to requests that do not match known domains (connection refused).
The configuration file must be loaded before `/etc/nginx/conf.d/dokku.conf`, so it can not be arranged as a vhost in `/etc/nginx/sites-enabled` that is only processed afterwards.
Alternatively, you may push an app to your Dokku host with a name like "00-default". As long as it lists first in `ls /home/dokku/*/nginx.conf | head`, it will be used as the default nginx vhost.
See the [customizing hostnames documentation](/docs/configuration/domains.md#customizing-hostnames) for more information on how to configure domains for your app.
See the [disabling vhosts documentation](/docs/configuration/domains.md#disabling-vhosts) for more information on how to disable domain usage for your app.
See the [load balancer documentation](/docs/configuration/ssl.md#running-behind-a-load-balancer) for more information on how to configure your nginx config for running behind a network load balancer.
See the [proxy documentation](/docs/networking/proxy-management.md) for more information on how to disable nginx as the proxy implementation for your app.
See the [proxy documentation](/docs/networking/proxy-management.md#proxy-port-mapping) for more information on how to manage ports proxied for your app.
See the [proxy documentation](/docs/networking/proxy-management.md#regenerating-proxy-config) for more information on how to rebuild the nginx proxy configuration for your app.
