automatically hide other window after aot

src/modules/alwaysontop/AlwaysOnTop/AlwaysOnTop.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@
 #include <trace.h>
 #include <WinHookEventIDs.h>
 
+#include <dwmapi.h>
+#include <ScalingUtils.h>
+#include <WindowCornersUtil.h>
+
+#include <cmath>
 
 namespace NonLocalizable
 {
@@ -31,6 +36,14 @@ bool isExcluded(HWND window)
     return check_excluded_app(window, processPath, AlwaysOnTopSettings::settings().excludedApps);
 }
 
+namespace
+{
+    bool TryGetExtendedFrameBounds(HWND window, RECT& rect) noexcept
+    {
+        return DwmGetWindowAttribute(window, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS, &rect, sizeof(rect)) == S_OK;
+    }
+}
+
 AlwaysOnTop::AlwaysOnTop(bool useLLKH, DWORD mainThreadId) :
     SettingsObserver({SettingId::FrameEnabled, SettingId::Hotkey, SettingId::ExcludeApps}),
     m_hinstance(reinterpret_cast<HINSTANCE>(&__ImageBase)),
@@ -48,6 +61,13 @@ AlwaysOnTop::AlwaysOnTop(bool useLLKH, DWORD mainThreadId) :
         AlwaysOnTopSettings::instance().InitFileWatcher();
         AlwaysOnTopSettings::instance().LoadSettings();
 
+        m_dimOverlay = std::make_unique<DimOverlay>();
+        if (!m_dimOverlay->Initialize(m_hinstance))
+        {
+            Logger::warn("Failed to initialize AlwaysOnTop dim overlay.");
+            m_dimOverlay.reset();
+        }
+
         RegisterHotkey();
         RegisterLLKH();
         
@@ -124,6 +144,7 @@ void AlwaysOnTop::SettingsUpdate(SettingId id)
                 iter.second = nullptr;
             }
         }    
+        UpdateDimOverlay();
     }
     break;
     case SettingId::ExcludeApps:
@@ -142,6 +163,7 @@ void AlwaysOnTop::SettingsUpdate(SettingId id)
         {
             m_topmostWindows.erase(window);
         }
+        UpdateDimOverlay();
     }
     break;
     default:
@@ -216,17 +238,72 @@ void AlwaysOnTop::ProcessCommand(HWND window)
         {
             soundType = Sound::Type::On;
             AssignBorder(window);
+            MinimizeOtherWindows(window);
             
             Trace::AlwaysOnTop::PinWindow();
         }
     }
 
+    UpdateDimOverlay();
+
     if (AlwaysOnTopSettings::settings().enableSound)
     {
         m_sound.Play(soundType);    
     }
 }
 
+void AlwaysOnTop::MinimizeOtherWindows(HWND pinnedWindow)
+{
+    struct EnumState
+    {
+        AlwaysOnTop* self{};
+        HWND pinned{};
+    };
+
+    EnumState state{ this, pinnedWindow };
+    EnumWindows([](HWND window, LPARAM lparam) -> BOOL {
+        auto* state = reinterpret_cast<EnumState*>(lparam);
+        if (!state || !state->self)
+        {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        if (window == state->pinned)
+        {
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        if (!IsWindowVisible(window) || IsIconic(window))
+        {
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        if (window == state->self->m_window)
+        {
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        if (state->self->m_dimOverlay && window == state->self->m_dimOverlay->Hwnd())
+        {
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        auto exStyle = GetWindowLongPtr(window, GWL_EXSTYLE);
+        if ((exStyle & WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW) == WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW)
+        {
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        if (!state->self->m_virtualDesktopUtils.IsWindowOnCurrentDesktop(window))
+        {
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        ShowWindow(window, SW_MINIMIZE);
+        return TRUE;
+    }, reinterpret_cast<LPARAM>(&state));
+}
+
 void AlwaysOnTop::StartTrackingTopmostWindows()
 {
     using result_t = std::vector<HWND>;
@@ -262,6 +339,7 @@ void AlwaysOnTop::StartTrackingTopmostWindows()
             AssignBorder(window);
         }
     }
+
 }
 
 bool AlwaysOnTop::AssignBorder(HWND window)
@@ -430,11 +508,18 @@ void AlwaysOnTop::UnpinAll()
 
     m_topmostWindows.clear();
     m_windowOriginalLayeredState.clear();
+
+    UpdateDimOverlay();
 }
 
 void AlwaysOnTop::CleanUp()
 {
     UnpinAll();
+    if (m_dimOverlay)
+    {
+        m_dimOverlay->Terminate();
+        m_dimOverlay.reset();
+    }
     if (m_window)
     {
         DestroyWindow(m_window);
@@ -492,11 +577,13 @@ bool AlwaysOnTop::IsTracked(HWND window) const noexcept
 
 void AlwaysOnTop::HandleWinHookEvent(WinHookEvent* data) noexcept
 {
-    if (!AlwaysOnTopSettings::settings().enableFrame || !data->hwnd)
+    if (!data->hwnd)
     {
         return;
     }
 
+    const bool frameEnabled = AlwaysOnTopSettings::settings().enableFrame;
+
     std::vector<HWND> toErase{};
     for (const auto& [window, border] : m_topmostWindows)
     {
@@ -520,23 +607,29 @@ void AlwaysOnTop::HandleWinHookEvent(WinHookEvent* data) noexcept
     {
     case EVENT_OBJECT_LOCATIONCHANGE:
     {
-        auto iter = m_topmostWindows.find(data->hwnd);
+        if (frameEnabled)
-        if (iter != m_topmostWindows.end())
         {
-            const auto& border = iter->second;
+            auto iter = m_topmostWindows.find(data->hwnd);
-            if (border)
+            if (iter != m_topmostWindows.end())
             {
-                border->UpdateBorderPosition();
+                const auto& border = iter->second;
+                if (border)
+                {
+                    border->UpdateBorderPosition();
+                }
             }
         }
     }
     break;
     case EVENT_SYSTEM_MINIMIZESTART:
     {
-        auto iter = m_topmostWindows.find(data->hwnd);
+        if (frameEnabled)
-        if (iter != m_topmostWindows.end())
         {
-            m_topmostWindows[data->hwnd] = nullptr;
+            auto iter = m_topmostWindows.find(data->hwnd);
+            if (iter != m_topmostWindows.end())
+            {
+                m_topmostWindows[data->hwnd] = nullptr;
+            }
         }
     }
     break;
@@ -546,20 +639,26 @@ void AlwaysOnTop::HandleWinHookEvent(WinHookEvent* data) noexcept
         if (iter != m_topmostWindows.end())
         {
             // pin border again, in some cases topmost flag stops working: https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/issues/17332
-            PinTopmostWindow(data->hwnd); 
+            PinTopmostWindow(data->hwnd);
-            AssignBorder(data->hwnd);
+            if (frameEnabled)
+            {
+                AssignBorder(data->hwnd);
+            }
         }
     }
     break;
     case EVENT_SYSTEM_MOVESIZEEND:
     {
-        auto iter = m_topmostWindows.find(data->hwnd);
+        if (frameEnabled)
-        if (iter != m_topmostWindows.end())
         {
-            const auto& border = iter->second;
+            auto iter = m_topmostWindows.find(data->hwnd);
-            if (border)
+            if (iter != m_topmostWindows.end())
             {
-                border->UpdateBorderPosition();
+                const auto& border = iter->second;
+                if (border)
+                {
+                    border->UpdateBorderPosition();
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -573,7 +672,10 @@ void AlwaysOnTop::HandleWinHookEvent(WinHookEvent* data) noexcept
                                                           GET_RESOURCE_STRING(IDS_SYSTEM_FOREGROUND_ELEVATED_LEARN_MORE),
                                                           GET_RESOURCE_STRING(IDS_SYSTEM_FOREGROUND_ELEVATED_DIALOG_DONT_SHOW_AGAIN));
         }
-        RefreshBorders();
+        if (frameEnabled)
+        {
+            RefreshBorders();
+        }
     }
     break;
     case EVENT_OBJECT_FOCUS:
@@ -593,6 +695,8 @@ void AlwaysOnTop::HandleWinHookEvent(WinHookEvent* data) noexcept
     default:
         break;
     }
+
+    UpdateDimOverlay();
 }
 
 void AlwaysOnTop::RefreshBorders()
@@ -614,6 +718,97 @@ void AlwaysOnTop::RefreshBorders()
             }
         }
     }
+
+    UpdateDimOverlay();
+}
+
+void AlwaysOnTop::UpdateDimOverlay()
+{
+    if (!m_dimOverlay)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    struct PinnedEntry
+    {
+        HWND window = nullptr;
+        HWND border = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    std::vector<DimOverlayHole> holes;
+    std::vector<PinnedEntry> pinnedEntries;
+    holes.reserve(m_topmostWindows.size());
+    pinnedEntries.reserve(m_topmostWindows.size());
+
+    for (const auto& [window, border] : m_topmostWindows)
+    {
+        if (!IsWindow(window) || !IsPinned(window))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!IsWindowVisible(window) || IsIconic(window))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!m_virtualDesktopUtils.IsWindowOnCurrentDesktop(window))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        RECT rect{};
+        if (!TryGetExtendedFrameBounds(window, rect))
+        {
+            if (!GetWindowRect(window, &rect))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int radius = WindowCornerUtils::CornersRadius(window);
+        if (radius > 0)
+        {
+            const float scale = ScalingUtils::ScalingFactor(window);
+            radius = static_cast<int>(std::lround(radius * scale));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            radius = 0;
+        }
+
+        holes.push_back({ rect, radius });
+        pinnedEntries.push_back({ window, border ? border->Hwnd() : nullptr });
+    }
+
+    const bool visible = !holes.empty();
+    m_dimOverlay->Update(std::move(holes), visible);
+
+    if (!visible)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const HWND overlayHwnd = m_dimOverlay->Hwnd();
+    if (!overlayHwnd)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    SetWindowPos(overlayHwnd, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE);
+
+    for (const auto& entry : pinnedEntries)
+    {
+        if (entry.border)
+        {
+            SetWindowPos(entry.border, overlayHwnd, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE);
+            SetWindowPos(entry.window, entry.border, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            SetWindowPos(entry.window, overlayHwnd, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOACTIVATE);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 HWND AlwaysOnTop::ResolveTransparencyTargetWindow(HWND window)
@@ -776,4 +971,4 @@ void AlwaysOnTop::RestoreWindowAlpha(HWND window)
             SetWindowLong(window, GWL_EXSTYLE, exStyle & ~WS_EX_LAYERED);
         }
     }
-}
+}

src/modules/alwaysontop/AlwaysOnTop/AlwaysOnTop.h

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <map>
+#include <memory>
 
 #include <Settings.h>
 #include <SettingsObserver.h>
 #include <Sound.h>
 #include <VirtualDesktopUtils.h>
 #include <WindowBorder.h>
+#include <DimOverlay.h>
 
 #include <common/hooks/WinHookEvent.h>
 #include <common/notifications/NotificationUtil.h>
@@ -60,6 +62,8 @@ private:
         COLORREF colorKey = 0;
     };
     std::map<HWND, WindowLayeredState> m_windowOriginalLayeredState{};
+
+    std::unique_ptr<DimOverlay> m_dimOverlay;
     
     HANDLE m_hPinEvent;
     HANDLE m_hTerminateEvent;
@@ -80,6 +84,7 @@ private:
     void SubscribeToEvents();
 
     void ProcessCommand(HWND window);
+    void MinimizeOtherWindows(HWND pinnedWindow);
     void StartTrackingTopmostWindows();
     void UnpinAll();
     void CleanUp();
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ private:
     bool UnpinTopmostWindow(HWND window) const noexcept;
     bool AssignBorder(HWND window);
     void RefreshBorders();
+    void UpdateDimOverlay();
 
     // Transparency methods
     HWND ResolveTransparencyTargetWindow(HWND window);

src/modules/alwaysontop/AlwaysOnTop/AlwaysOnTop.vcxproj

@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@
   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClCompile Include="AlwaysOnTop.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="DimOverlay.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="FrameDrawer.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="main.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="pch.cpp">
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="AlwaysOnTop.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="DimOverlay.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="FrameDrawer.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="Generated Files/resource.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="ModuleConstants.h" />
@@ -198,4 +200,4 @@
     <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\Microsoft.Windows.CppWinRT.2.0.240111.5\build\native\Microsoft.Windows.CppWinRT.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\Microsoft.Windows.CppWinRT.2.0.240111.5\build\native\Microsoft.Windows.CppWinRT.targets'))" />
     <Error Condition="!Exists('..\..\..\..\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\build\native\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.targets')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\..\..\..\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\build\native\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.targets'))" />
   </Target>
-</Project>
+</Project>

src/modules/alwaysontop/AlwaysOnTop/AlwaysOnTop.vcxproj.filters

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="AlwaysOnTop.cpp">
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="DimOverlay.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="FrameDrawer.cpp">
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -79,6 +82,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="AlwaysOnTop.h">
       <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="DimOverlay.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="FrameDrawer.h">
       <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -130,4 +136,4 @@
       <Filter>Resource Files</Filter>
     </Image>
   </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
+</Project>

src/modules/alwaysontop/AlwaysOnTop/DimOverlay.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+#include "pch.h"
+#include "DimOverlay.h"
+
+#include <common/utils/MsWindowsSettings.h>
+
+#include <DispatcherQueue.h>
+#include <dwmapi.h>
+#include <windows.ui.composition.interop.h>
+#include <winrt/Windows.Foundation.Collections.h>
+#include <winrt/Windows.UI.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace winrt
+{
+    using namespace winrt::Windows::System;
+    using namespace winrt::Windows::UI::Composition;
+    using namespace winrt::Windows::UI::Composition::Desktop;
+}
+
+namespace ABI
+{
+    using namespace ABI::Windows::System;
+    using namespace ABI::Windows::UI::Composition::Desktop;
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+    constexpr wchar_t OverlayWindowClassName[] = L"AlwaysOnTop_DimOverlay";
+    constexpr int FadeDurationMs = 200;
+
+    winrt::Windows::UI::Color GetDefaultDimColor()
+    {
+        return winrt::Windows::UI::ColorHelper::FromArgb(160, 32, 32, 32);
+    }
+}
+
+DimOverlay::~DimOverlay()
+{
+    Terminate();
+}
+
+bool DimOverlay::Initialize(HINSTANCE hinstance)
+{
+    m_hinstance = hinstance;
+    return CreateWindowAndVisuals();
+}
+
+void DimOverlay::Terminate()
+{
+    if (m_destroyed)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    m_destroyed = true;
+
+    if (m_hwnd)
+    {
+        DestroyWindow(m_hwnd);
+        m_hwnd = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (m_hwndOwner)
+    {
+        DestroyWindow(m_hwndOwner);
+        m_hwndOwner = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+HWND DimOverlay::Hwnd() const noexcept
+{
+    return m_hwnd;
+}
+
+void DimOverlay::Update(std::vector<DimOverlayHole> holes, bool visible)
+{
+    if (m_destroyed || !m_dispatcherQueueController)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto dispatcherQueue = m_dispatcherQueueController.DispatcherQueue();
+    bool enqueueSucceeded = dispatcherQueue.TryEnqueue([this, holes = std::move(holes), visible]() {
+        if (m_destroyed || !m_hwnd)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        m_lastHoles = holes;
+        UpdateWindowBounds();
+        UpdateRegion(holes);
+        SetVisible(visible);
+    });
+
+    if (!enqueueSucceeded)
+    {
+        Logger::error("Couldn't enqueue message to update the dim overlay.");
+    }
+}
+
+LRESULT CALLBACK DimOverlay::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam) noexcept
+{
+    auto thisRef = reinterpret_cast<DimOverlay*>(GetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_USERDATA));
+    if ((thisRef == nullptr) && (message == WM_CREATE))
+    {
+        const auto createStruct = reinterpret_cast<LPCREATESTRUCT>(lparam);
+        thisRef = static_cast<DimOverlay*>(createStruct->lpCreateParams);
+        SetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_USERDATA, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(thisRef));
+    }
+
+    return thisRef ? thisRef->MessageHandler(hwnd, message, wparam, lparam) : DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wparam, lparam);
+}
+
+LRESULT DimOverlay::MessageHandler(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam) noexcept
+{
+    switch (message)
+    {
+    case WM_DISPLAYCHANGE:
+        UpdateWindowBounds();
+        UpdateRegion(m_lastHoles);
+        break;
+    case WM_NCHITTEST:
+        return HTTRANSPARENT;
+    case WM_ERASEBKGND:
+        return TRUE;
+    case WM_NCDESTROY:
+        SetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_USERDATA, 0);
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wparam, lparam);
+}
+
+bool DimOverlay::CreateWindowAndVisuals()
+{
+    WNDCLASS wc{};
+    if (!GetClassInfoW(m_hinstance, OverlayWindowClassName, &wc))
+    {
+        wc.lpfnWndProc = DimOverlay::WndProc;
+        wc.hInstance = m_hinstance;
+        wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
+        wc.hbrBackground = static_cast<HBRUSH>(GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH));
+        wc.lpszClassName = OverlayWindowClassName;
+
+        if (!RegisterClassW(&wc))
+        {
+            Logger::error("Failed to register DimOverlay window class. GetLastError={}", GetLastError());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    m_hwndOwner = CreateWindow(L"static", nullptr, WS_POPUP, 0, 0, 0, 0, nullptr, nullptr, m_hinstance, nullptr);
+    if (!m_hwndOwner)
+    {
+        Logger::error("Failed to create DimOverlay owner window. GetLastError={}", GetLastError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const DWORD exStyle = WS_EX_TRANSPARENT | WS_EX_LAYERED | WS_EX_NOREDIRECTIONBITMAP |
+                          WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW | WS_EX_NOACTIVATE | WS_EX_TOPMOST;
+    m_hwnd = CreateWindowExW(exStyle,
+                             OverlayWindowClassName,
+                             L"PowerToys Always On Top Dim Overlay",
+                             WS_POPUP,
+                             CW_USEDEFAULT,
+                             0,
+                             CW_USEDEFAULT,
+                             0,
+                             m_hwndOwner,
+                             nullptr,
+                             m_hinstance,
+                             this);
+    if (!m_hwnd)
+    {
+        Logger::error("Failed to create DimOverlay window. GetLastError={}", GetLastError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    BOOL excludeFromPeek = TRUE;
+    DwmSetWindowAttribute(m_hwnd, DWMWA_EXCLUDED_FROM_PEEK, &excludeFromPeek, sizeof(excludeFromPeek));
+
+    UpdateWindowBounds();
+
+    if (!EnsureDispatcherQueue())
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!EnsureCompositor())
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool DimOverlay::EnsureDispatcherQueue()
+{
+    if (m_dispatcherQueueController)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    DispatcherQueueOptions options = {
+        sizeof(DispatcherQueueOptions),
+        DQTYPE_THREAD_CURRENT,
+        DQTAT_COM_NONE,
+    };
+
+    ABI::IDispatcherQueueController* controller = nullptr;
+    const HRESULT hr = CreateDispatcherQueueController(options, &controller);
+    if (FAILED(hr))
+    {
+        Logger::error("Failed to create DispatcherQueueController for DimOverlay. HRESULT={:#x}", hr);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *winrt::put_abi(m_dispatcherQueueController) = controller;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool DimOverlay::EnsureCompositor()
+{
+    try
+    {
+        m_compositor = winrt::Compositor();
+
+        ABI::IDesktopWindowTarget* target = nullptr;
+        winrt::check_hresult(m_compositor.as<ABI::ICompositorDesktopInterop>()->CreateDesktopWindowTarget(m_hwnd, false, &target));
+        *winrt::put_abi(m_target) = target;
+
+        m_root = m_compositor.CreateContainerVisual();
+        m_root.RelativeSizeAdjustment({ 1.0f, 1.0f });
+        m_target.Root(m_root);
+
+        m_dim = m_compositor.CreateSpriteVisual();
+        m_dim.RelativeSizeAdjustment({ 1.0f, 1.0f });
+        m_dimBrush = m_compositor.CreateColorBrush(GetDefaultDimColor());
+        m_dim.Brush(m_dimBrush);
+        m_root.Children().InsertAtTop(m_dim);
+
+        m_root.Opacity(0.0f);
+
+        m_opacityAnimation = m_compositor.CreateScalarKeyFrameAnimation();
+        m_opacityAnimation.Target(L"Opacity");
+        m_opacityAnimation.InsertExpressionKeyFrame(1.0f, L"this.FinalValue");
+        BOOL animationsEnabled = GetAnimationsEnabled();
+        m_opacityAnimation.Duration(std::chrono::milliseconds{ animationsEnabled ? FadeDurationMs : 1 });
+
+        auto implicitAnimations = m_compositor.CreateImplicitAnimationCollection();
+        implicitAnimations.Insert(L"Opacity", m_opacityAnimation);
+        m_root.ImplicitAnimations(implicitAnimations);
+    }
+    catch (const winrt::hresult_error& e)
+    {
+        Logger::error("Failed to create DimOverlay composition resources: {}", winrt::to_string(e.message()));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void DimOverlay::UpdateWindowBounds()
+{
+    if (!m_hwnd)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    RECT newBounds{};
+    newBounds.left = GetSystemMetrics(SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN);
+    newBounds.top = GetSystemMetrics(SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN);
+    newBounds.right = newBounds.left + GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN);
+    newBounds.bottom = newBounds.top + GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN);
+
+    if (EqualRect(&newBounds, &m_virtualBounds))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    m_virtualBounds = newBounds;
+    const int width = m_virtualBounds.right - m_virtualBounds.left;
+    const int height = m_virtualBounds.bottom - m_virtualBounds.top;
+
+    SetWindowPos(m_hwnd, nullptr, m_virtualBounds.left, m_virtualBounds.top, width, height, SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOACTIVATE);
+}
+
+void DimOverlay::UpdateRegion(const std::vector<DimOverlayHole>& holes)
+{
+    if (!m_hwnd)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int width = m_virtualBounds.right - m_virtualBounds.left;
+    const int height = m_virtualBounds.bottom - m_virtualBounds.top;
+    if (width <= 0 || height <= 0)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    HRGN baseRegion = CreateRectRgn(0, 0, width, height);
+    if (!baseRegion)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    RECT bounds{ 0, 0, width, height };
+    for (const auto& hole : holes)
+    {
+        RECT local = hole.rect;
+        OffsetRect(&local, -m_virtualBounds.left, -m_virtualBounds.top);
+        if (!IntersectRect(&local, &local, &bounds))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (local.right <= local.left || local.bottom <= local.top)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        int radius = (std::max)(0, hole.radius);
+        const int maxRadius = (std::min)((local.right - local.left) / 2, (local.bottom - local.top) / 2);
+        radius = (std::min)(radius, maxRadius);
+        HRGN holeRegion = nullptr;
+        if (radius > 0)
+        {
+            const int diameter = radius * 2;
+            holeRegion = CreateRoundRectRgn(local.left, local.top, local.right, local.bottom, diameter, diameter);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            holeRegion = CreateRectRgn(local.left, local.top, local.right, local.bottom);
+        }
+
+        if (holeRegion)
+        {
+            CombineRgn(baseRegion, baseRegion, holeRegion, RGN_DIFF);
+            DeleteObject(holeRegion);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (SetWindowRgn(m_hwnd, baseRegion, TRUE) == 0)
+    {
+        DeleteObject(baseRegion);
+    }
+}
+
+void DimOverlay::SetVisible(bool visible)
+{
+    if (m_visible == visible)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!m_root || !m_compositor)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    m_visible = visible;
+
+    if (visible)
+    {
+        ShowWindow(m_hwnd, SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE);
+    }
+
+    auto batch = m_compositor.CreateScopedBatch(winrt::CompositionBatchTypes::Animation);
+    m_root.Opacity(visible ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
+    batch.Completed([hwnd = m_hwnd, visible](auto&&, auto&&) {
+        if (!visible)
+        {
+            ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_HIDE);
+        }
+    });
+    batch.End();
+}

src/modules/alwaysontop/AlwaysOnTop/DimOverlay.h

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <winrt/Windows.System.h>
+#include <winrt/Windows.UI.Composition.h>
+#include <winrt/Windows.UI.Composition.Desktop.h>
+
+struct DimOverlayHole
+{
+    RECT rect{};
+    int radius = 0;
+};
+
+class DimOverlay
+{
+public:
+    DimOverlay() = default;
+    ~DimOverlay();
+
+    bool Initialize(HINSTANCE hinstance);
+    void Terminate();
+    void Update(std::vector<DimOverlayHole> holes, bool visible);
+
+    HWND Hwnd() const noexcept;
+
+private:
+    static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam) noexcept;
+    LRESULT MessageHandler(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam) noexcept;
+
+    bool CreateWindowAndVisuals();
+    bool EnsureDispatcherQueue();
+    bool EnsureCompositor();
+
+    void UpdateWindowBounds();
+    void UpdateRegion(const std::vector<DimOverlayHole>& holes);
+    void SetVisible(bool visible);
+
+    HINSTANCE m_hinstance{};
+    HWND m_hwndOwner{};
+    HWND m_hwnd{};
+    RECT m_virtualBounds{};
+    bool m_visible = false;
+    bool m_destroyed = false;
+
+    winrt::Windows::System::DispatcherQueueController m_dispatcherQueueController{ nullptr };
+    winrt::Windows::UI::Composition::Compositor m_compositor{ nullptr };
+    winrt::Windows::UI::Composition::Desktop::DesktopWindowTarget m_target{ nullptr };
+    winrt::Windows::UI::Composition::ContainerVisual m_root{ nullptr };
+    winrt::Windows::UI::Composition::SpriteVisual m_dim{ nullptr };
+    winrt::Windows::UI::Composition::CompositionColorBrush m_dimBrush{ nullptr };
+    winrt::Windows::UI::Composition::ScalarKeyFrameAnimation m_opacityAnimation{ nullptr };
+
+    std::vector<DimOverlayHole> m_lastHoles;
+};

src/modules/alwaysontop/AlwaysOnTop/WindowBorder.h

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 #include <SettingsObserver.h>
 
+#include <memory>
+
 class FrameDrawer;
 
 class WindowBorder : public SettingsObserver
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@ public:
 
     void UpdateBorderPosition() const;
     void UpdateBorderProperties() const;
+    HWND Hwnd() const noexcept { return m_window; }
 
 protected:
     static LRESULT CALLBACK s_WndProc(HWND window, UINT message, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam) noexcept