Cmdpal extension: Powertoys extension for cmdpal (#44006)

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fix/what does it change/how was it tested (even manually, if necessary)?
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## Summary of the Pull Request

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## PR Checklist

- [ ] Closes: #xxx
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issues) -->
- [ ] **Communication:** I've discussed this with core contributors
already. If the work hasn't been agreed, this work might be rejected
- [ ] **Tests:** Added/updated and all pass
- [ ] **Localization:** All end-user-facing strings can be localized
- [ ] **Dev docs:** Added/updated
- [ ] **New binaries:** Added on the required places
- [ ] [JSON for
signing](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/.pipelines/ESRPSigning_core.json)
for new binaries
- [ ] [WXS for
installer](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/installer/PowerToysSetup/Product.wxs)
for new binaries and localization folder
- [ ] [YML for CI
pipeline](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/.pipelines/ci/templates/build-powertoys-steps.yml)
for new test projects
- [ ] [YML for signed
pipeline](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/.pipelines/release.yml)
- [ ] **Documentation updated:** If checked, please file a pull request
on [our docs
repo](https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-uwp/tree/docs/hub/powertoys)
and link it here: #xxx

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or any additional comments/features here -->
## Detailed Description of the Pull Request / Additional comments

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## Validation Steps Performed
Installer built, and every command works as expected,
Now use sparse app deployment, so we don't need an extra msix

---------

Co-authored-by: kaitao-ms <kaitao1105@gmail.com>

src/common/ManagedCommon/PowerToysPathResolver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
+// The Microsoft Corporation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
+using Microsoft.Win32;
+
+namespace ManagedCommon
+{
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
+    public class PowerToysPathResolver
+    {
+        private const string PowerToysRegistryKey = @"Software\Classes\powertoys";
+        private const string PowerToysExe = "PowerToys.exe";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the PowerToys installation path by checking registry entries
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The path to PowerToys installation directory, or null if not found</returns>
+        public static string GetPowerToysInstallPath()
+        {
+#if DEBUG
+            // In debug builds, resolve directly from the running process (no installer/registry involved).
+            return GetPathFromCurrentProcess();
+#else
+            // Try to get path from Per-User installation first
+            string path = GetPathFromRegistry(RegistryHive.CurrentUser);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
+            {
+                return path;
+            }
+
+            // Fall back to Per-Machine installation
+            path = GetPathFromRegistry(RegistryHive.LocalMachine);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
+            {
+                return path;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+#endif
+        }
+
+        private static string GetPathFromRegistry(RegistryHive hive)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                using var baseKey = RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(hive, RegistryView.Registry64);
+
+                // First try to get path from the powertoys protocol registration
+                string path = GetPathFromProtocolRegistration(baseKey);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(path))
+                {
+                    return path;
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception)
+            {
+                // Ignore registry access errors
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private static string GetPathFromProtocolRegistration(RegistryKey baseKey)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                using var key = baseKey.OpenSubKey($@"{PowerToysRegistryKey}\shell\open\command");
+
+                if (key != null)
+                {
+                    string command = key.GetValue(string.Empty)?.ToString();
+                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(command))
+                    {
+                        // Parse command like: "C:\Program Files\PowerToys\PowerToys.exe" "%1"
+                        return ExtractPathFromCommand(command);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception)
+            {
+                // Ignore registry access errors
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private static string GetPathFromCurrentProcess()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // If we're running inside PowerToys.exe (dev/debug builds), use the executable location.
+                var processPath = Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule?.FileName;
+                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(processPath))
+                {
+                    var processDir = Path.GetDirectoryName(processPath);
+                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(processDir) && File.Exists(Path.Combine(processDir, PowerToysExe)))
+                    {
+                        return processDir;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // As a fallback, walk up from AppContext.BaseDirectory to find PowerToys.exe.
+                var directory = new DirectoryInfo(AppContext.BaseDirectory);
+                while (directory != null)
+                {
+                    var candidate = Path.Combine(directory.FullName, PowerToysExe);
+                    if (File.Exists(candidate))
+                    {
+                        return directory.FullName;
+                    }
+
+                    directory = directory.Parent;
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Ignore reflection/process permission errors; caller will see null and handle accordingly.
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private static string ExtractPathFromCommand(string command)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(command))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Handle quoted paths: "C:\Program Files\PowerToys\PowerToys.exe" "%1"
+                if (command.StartsWith('\"'))
+                {
+                    int endQuote = command.IndexOf('\"', 1);
+                    if (endQuote > 1)
+                    {
+                        string exePath = command.Substring(1, endQuote - 1);
+                        if (File.Exists(exePath))
+                        {
+                            return Path.GetDirectoryName(exePath);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Handle unquoted paths (less common)
+                    string[] parts = command.Split(' ');
+                    if (parts.Length > 0 && File.Exists(parts[0]))
+                    {
+                        return Path.GetDirectoryName(parts[0]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception)
+            {
+                // Ignore path parsing errors
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}