CmdPal: GEH per partes; part 1: error report builder, sanitizer and internals tools setting page (#44140)

<!-- Enter a brief description/summary of your PR here. What does it
fix/what does it change/how was it tested (even manually, if necessary)?
-->
## Summary of the Pull Request

This PR adds three parts of the original big bad global error handler
(error report builder, sanitization and internal tools UI).

### Error Report Generation

- `ErrorReportBuilder`: Produces a detailed, technical report with
system context.
- Comprehensive data: OS version, architecture, culture, app version,
elevation status, etc.
- Exception analysis: Coalesces nested exception messages and HRESULT
details for clearer diagnostics.

<details><summary>Example</summary>
<pre>

This is an error report generated by Windows Command Palette.
If you are seeing this, it means something went a little sideways in the
app.
You can help us fix it by filing a report at
https://aka.ms/powerToysReportBug.

(While you’re at it, give the details below a quick skim — just to make
sure there’s nothing personal you’d prefer not to share. It’s rare, but
sometimes little surprises sneak in.)
============================================================
Summary:
  Message:               Test exception; thrown from the UI thread
  Type:                  System.NotImplementedException
  Source:                Microsoft.CmdPal.UI
  Time:                  2025-08-25 18:54:44.3854569
  HRESULT:               0x80004001 (-2147467263)
  Context:               MainThreadException

Application:
  App version:           0.0.1.0
  Is elevated:           no

Environment:
  OS version:            Microsoft Windows 10.0.26120
  OS architecture:       X64
  Runtime identifier:    win-x64
  Framework:             .NET 9.0.8
  Process architecture:  X64
  Culture:               cs-CZ
  UI culture:            en-US

Stack Trace:
at
Microsoft.CmdPal.UI.Settings.InternalPage.ThrowPlainMainThreadException_Click(Object
sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
at
WinRT._EventSource_global__Microsoft_UI_Xaml_RoutedEventHandler.EventState.<GetEventInvoke>b__1_0(Object
sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
at ABI.Microsoft.UI.Xaml.RoutedEventHandler.Do_Abi_Invoke(IntPtr
thisPtr, IntPtr sender, IntPtr e)

------------------ Full Exception Details ------------------
System.NotImplementedException: Test exception; thrown from the UI
thread
at
Microsoft.CmdPal.UI.Settings.InternalPage.ThrowPlainMainThreadException_Click(Object
sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
at
WinRT._EventSource_global__Microsoft_UI_Xaml_RoutedEventHandler.EventState.<GetEventInvoke>b__1_0(Object
sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
at ABI.Microsoft.UI.Xaml.RoutedEventHandler.Do_Abi_Invoke(IntPtr
thisPtr, IntPtr sender, IntPtr e)

============================================================

</pre>
</details> 

Real-world example: #41362

### PII Sanitization Framework

- `ErrorReportSanitizer`: Multi-layer sanitization pipeline for
sensitive data.
- Nine specialized rule providers:
- `PiiRuleProvider`: Personally identifiable information (emails, phone
numbers, SSNs).
- `ProfilePathAndUsernameRuleProvider`: Windows user profiles and
usernames.
- `NetworkRuleProvider`: IP addresses, MAC addresses, network
identifiers.
- `SecretKeyValueRulesProvider`: API keys, tokens, passwords in
key/value formats.
  - `FilenameMaskRuleProvider`: Sensitive file paths and extensions.
  - `UrlRuleProvider`: URLs and web addresses.
  - `TokenRuleProvider`: JWT and other auth tokens.
  - `ConnectionStringRuleProvider`: Database connection strings.
- `EnvironmentPropertiesRuleProvider`: Environment variables and system
properties.

### Internals Tools Page

A page in settings available in non-CI-builds:

<img width="1305" height="745" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/3145ecfd-997f-491d-8c8a-6096634b6045"
/>


<!-- Please review the items on the PR checklist before submitting-->
## PR Checklist

- [ ] Closes: #xxx
<!-- - [ ] Closes: #yyy (add separate lines for additional resolved
issues) -->
- [ ] **Communication:** I've discussed this with core contributors
already. If the work hasn't been agreed, this work might be rejected
- [ ] **Tests:** Added/updated and all pass
- [ ] **Localization:** All end-user-facing strings can be localized
- [ ] **Dev docs:** Added/updated
- [ ] **New binaries:** Added on the required places
- [ ] [JSON for
signing](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/.pipelines/ESRPSigning_core.json)
for new binaries
- [ ] [WXS for
installer](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/installer/PowerToysSetup/Product.wxs)
for new binaries and localization folder
- [ ] [YML for CI
pipeline](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/.pipelines/ci/templates/build-powertoys-steps.yml)
for new test projects
- [ ] [YML for signed
pipeline](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/.pipelines/release.yml)
- [ ] **Documentation updated:** If checked, please file a pull request
on [our docs
repo](https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-uwp/tree/docs/hub/powertoys)
and link it here: #xxx

<!-- Provide a more detailed description of the PR, other things fixed,
or any additional comments/features here -->
## Detailed Description of the Pull Request / Additional comments

<!-- Describe how you validated the behavior. Add automated tests
wherever possible, but list manual validation steps taken as well -->
## Validation Steps Performed

src/modules/cmdpal/Microsoft.CmdPal.UI/Helpers/GlobalErrorHandler.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
 using ManagedCommon;
-using Microsoft.CmdPal.Core.Common.Helpers;
+using Microsoft.CmdPal.Core.Common.Services.Reports;
 using Windows.Win32;
 using Windows.Win32.Foundation;
 using Windows.Win32.UI.WindowsAndMessaging;
@@ -15,14 +15,22 @@ namespace Microsoft.CmdPal.UI.Helpers;
 /// <summary>
 /// Global error handler for Command Palette.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed partial class GlobalErrorHandler
+internal sealed partial class GlobalErrorHandler : IDisposable
 {
+    private readonly ErrorReportBuilder _errorReportBuilder = new();
+    private Options? _options;
+    private App? _app;
+
     // GlobalErrorHandler is designed to be self-contained; it can be registered and invoked before a service provider is available.
-    internal void Register(App app)
+    internal void Register(App app, Options options)
     {
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(app);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(options);
 
-        app.UnhandledException += App_UnhandledException;
+        _options = options;
+
+        _app = app;
+        _app.UnhandledException += App_UnhandledException;
         TaskScheduler.UnobservedTaskException += TaskScheduler_UnobservedTaskException;
         AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException += CurrentDomain_UnhandledException;
     }
@@ -54,21 +62,15 @@ internal sealed partial class GlobalErrorHandler
         HandleException(e.Exception, Context.UnobservedTaskException);
     }
 
-    private static void HandleException(Exception ex, Context context)
+    private void HandleException(Exception ex, Context context)
     {
         Logger.LogError($"Unhandled exception detected ({context})", ex);
 
         if (context == Context.MainThreadException)
         {
-            var error = DiagnosticsHelper.BuildExceptionMessage(ex, null);
-            var report = $"""
-                          This is an error report generated by Windows Command Palette.
-                          If you are seeing this message, it means the application has encountered an unexpected issue.
-                          You can help us fix it by filing a report at https://aka.ms/powerToysReportBug.
-                          {error}
-                          """;
+            var report = _errorReportBuilder.BuildReport(ex, context.ToString(), _options?.RedactPii ?? true);
 
-            StoreReport(report, storeOnDesktop: false);
+            StoreReport(report, storeOnDesktop: _options?.StoreReportOnUserDesktop == true);
 
             string message;
             string caption;
@@ -138,6 +140,13 @@ internal sealed partial class GlobalErrorHandler
         }
     }
 
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        _app?.UnhandledException -= App_UnhandledException;
+        TaskScheduler.UnobservedTaskException -= TaskScheduler_UnobservedTaskException;
+        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException -= CurrentDomain_UnhandledException;
+    }
+
     private enum Context
     {
         Unknown = 0,
@@ -146,4 +155,26 @@ internal sealed partial class GlobalErrorHandler
         UnobservedTaskException,
         AppDomainUnhandledException,
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Configuration options controlling how <see cref="GlobalErrorHandler"/> reacts to exceptions
+    /// (what to log, what to show to the user, and where to store reports).
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed record Options
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the default configuration.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Options Default { get; } = new();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether Personally Identifiable Information (PII) should be redacted in error reports.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool RedactPii { get; init; } = true;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether to store the error report on the user's desktop in addition to the log directory.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool StoreReportOnUserDesktop { get; init; }
+    }
 }