[CmdPal][AOT] Using ExprTk to make the Cal extension AOT-compatible (#39972)

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fix/what does it change/how was it tested (even manually, if necessary)?
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## Summary of the Pull Request
This PR replaces the original Mages-based expression evaluation engine
with a WinRT-wrapped version of Exprtk in the CmdPalCalculator module.

### Key Changes
**Expression Engine:**

- All expression parsing and evaluation now use Exprtk (via a WinRT
wrapper) instead of Mages.

**Base Conversion Handling:**

- Since Exprtk does not support non-decimal (binary, octal, hexadecimal)
input natively, added logic to convert all such inputs to decimal before
evaluation.

**Code Structure:**

- The overall logic and API surface remain unchanged except for the
engine and base conversion handling.
- All previous Mages references and dependencies have been removed.

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## PR Checklist

- [ ] **Closes:** #xxx
- [ ] **Communication:** I've discussed this with core contributors
already. If work hasn't been agreed, this work might be rejected
- [ ] **Tests:** Added/updated and all pass
- [ ] **Localization:** All end user facing strings can be localized
- [ ] **Dev docs:** Added/updated
- [ ] **New binaries:** Added on the required places
- [ ] [JSON for
signing](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/.pipelines/ESRPSigning_core.json)
for new binaries
- [ ] [WXS for
installer](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/installer/PowerToysSetup/Product.wxs)
for new binaries and localization folder
- [ ] [YML for CI
pipeline](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/.pipelines/ci/templates/build-powertoys-steps.yml)
for new test projects
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pipeline](https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/blob/main/.pipelines/release.yml)
- [ ] **Documentation updated:** If checked, please file a pull request
on [our docs
repo](https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/windows-uwp/tree/docs/hub/powertoys)
and link it here: #xxx

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## Validation Steps Performed

NOTICE.md

@@ -79,6 +79,43 @@ For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
 
 ### Calculator
 
+#### exprtk
+
+We use the exprtk library (exprtk.hpp) to evaluate mathematical expressions.
+
+**Source**: [https://github.com/ArashPartow/exprtk](https://github.com/ArashPartow/exprtk)
+
+```
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 1999-2024 Arash Partow
+
+https://www.partow.net/programming/exprtk/index.html
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person  obtaining
+a  copy  of  this software  and  associated  documentation files  (the
+"Software"), to  deal in  the Software  without restriction, including
+without limitation the  rights to use,  copy, modify, merge,  publish,
+distribute, sublicense,  and/or sell  copies of  the Software,  and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject  to
+the following conditions:
+
+The  above  copyright  notice  and  this  permission  notice  shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE  SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED  "AS  IS", WITHOUT  WARRANTY  OF ANY  KIND,
+EXPRESS OR  IMPLIED, INCLUDING  BUT NOT  LIMITED TO  THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR  ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT,
+TORT OR  OTHERWISE, ARISING  FROM, OUT  OF OR  IN CONNECTION  WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+```
+
+## Utility: PowerToys Run Built-in Extensions
+
+### Calculator
+
 #### Mages
 
 We use the Mages NuGet package for calculating the result of expression.