PowerToys/src/modules/keyboardmanager/KeyboardManagerEngineLibrary/KeyboardEventHandlers.cpp

#include "pch.h"
#include <shellapi.h>
#include "KeyboardEventHandlers.h"

#include <common/interop/shared_constants.h>
#include <common/utils/elevation.h>

#include <keyboardmanager/common/InputInterface.h>
#include <keyboardmanager/common/Helpers.h>
#include <keyboardmanager/KeyboardManagerEngineLibrary/trace.h>

#include <TlHelp32.h>
#include <thread>
#include <future>
#include <chrono>

#include <winrt/Windows.UI.Notifications.h>
#include <winrt/Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.h>

#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <urlmon.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>

using namespace winrt;
using namespace Windows::UI::Notifications;
using namespace Windows::Data::Xml::Dom;

namespace
{
    bool GeneratedByKBM(const LowlevelKeyboardEvent* data)
    {
        return data->lParam->dwExtraInfo & CommonSharedConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_INJECTED_FLAG;
    }
}

namespace KeyboardEventHandlers
{
    // Function to a handle a single key remap
    intptr_t HandleSingleKeyRemapEvent(KeyboardManagerInput::InputInterface& ii, LowlevelKeyboardEvent* data, State& state) noexcept
    {
        // Check if the key event was generated by KeyboardManager to avoid remapping events generated by us.
        if (!GeneratedByKBM(data))
        {
            const auto remapping = state.GetSingleKeyRemap(data->lParam->vkCode);
            if (remapping)
            {
                auto it = remapping.value();

                // Check if the remap is to a key or a shortcut
                const bool remapToKey = it->second.index() == 0;

                // If mapped to VK_DISABLED then the key is disabled
                if (remapToKey)
                {
                    if (std::get<DWORD>(it->second) == CommonSharedConstants::VK_DISABLED)
                    {
                        return 1;
                    }
                }

                int key_count;
                if (remapToKey)
                {
                    key_count = 1;
                }
                else
                {
                    key_count = std::get<Shortcut>(it->second).Size();
                }

                LPINPUT keyEventList = new INPUT[size_t(key_count)]{};

                // Handle remaps to VK_WIN_BOTH
                DWORD target;
                if (remapToKey)
                {
                    target = Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(std::get<DWORD>(it->second));
                }
                else
                {
                    target = Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second).GetActionKey());
                }

                // If Ctrl/Alt/Shift is being remapped to Caps Lock, then reset the modifier key state to fix issues in certain IME keyboards where the IME shortcut gets invoked since it detects that the modifier and Caps Lock is pressed even though it is suppressed by the hook - More information at the GitHub issue https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/issues/3397
                if (data->wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN)
                {
                    ResetIfModifierKeyForLowerLevelKeyHandlers(ii, it->first, target);
                }

                if (remapToKey)
                {
                    if (data->wParam == WM_KEYUP || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP)
                    {
                        Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, 0, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(target), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SINGLEKEY_FLAG);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, 0, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(target), 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SINGLEKEY_FLAG);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    int i = 0;
                    Shortcut targetShortcut = std::get<Shortcut>(it->second);
                    if (data->wParam == WM_KEYUP || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP)
                    {
                        Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(targetShortcut.GetActionKey()), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SINGLEKEY_FLAG);
                        i++;
                        Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(targetShortcut, ModifierKey::Disabled, keyEventList, i, false, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SINGLEKEY_FLAG);
                        // Dummy key is not required here since SetModifierKeyEvents will only add key-up events for the modifiers here, and the action key key-up is already sent before it
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Dummy key is not required here since SetModifierKeyEvents will only add key-down events for the modifiers here, and the action key key-down is already sent after it
                        Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(targetShortcut, ModifierKey::Disabled, keyEventList, i, true, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SINGLEKEY_FLAG);
                        Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(targetShortcut.GetActionKey()), 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SINGLEKEY_FLAG);
                        i++;
                    }
                }

                UINT res = ii.SendVirtualInput(key_count, keyEventList, sizeof(INPUT));
                delete[] keyEventList;

                if (data->wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN)
                {
                    // If Caps Lock is being remapped to Ctrl/Alt/Shift, then reset the modifier key state to fix issues in certain IME keyboards where the IME shortcut gets invoked since it detects that the modifier and Caps Lock is pressed even though it is suppressed by the hook - More information at the GitHub issue https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/issues/3397
                    if (remapToKey)
                    {
                        ResetIfModifierKeyForLowerLevelKeyHandlers(ii, target, it->first);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        std::vector<DWORD> shortcutKeys = std::get<Shortcut>(it->second).GetKeyCodes();
                        for (auto& itSk : shortcutKeys)
                        {
                            ResetIfModifierKeyForLowerLevelKeyHandlers(ii, itSk, it->first);
                        }
                    }

                    // Send daily telemetry event for Keyboard Manager key activation.
                    if (remapToKey)
                    {
                        static int dayWeLastSentKeyToKeyTelemetryOn = -1;
                        auto currentDay = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::days>(std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
                        if (dayWeLastSentKeyToKeyTelemetryOn != currentDay)
                        {
                            Trace::DailyKeyToKeyRemapInvoked();
                            dayWeLastSentKeyToKeyTelemetryOn = currentDay;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        static int dayWeLastSentKeyToShortcutTelemetryOn = -1;
                        auto currentDay = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::days>(std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
                        if (dayWeLastSentKeyToShortcutTelemetryOn != currentDay)
                        {
                            Trace::DailyKeyToShortcutRemapInvoked();
                            dayWeLastSentKeyToShortcutTelemetryOn = currentDay;
                        }
                    }
                }

                return 1;
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }

    /* This feature has not been enabled (code from proof of concept stage)
    * 
    // Function to a change a key's behavior from toggle to modifier
    __declspec(dllexport) intptr_t HandleSingleKeyToggleToModEvent(InputInterface& ii, LowlevelKeyboardEvent* data, State& State) noexcept
    {
        // Check if the key event was generated by KeyboardManager to avoid remapping events generated by us.
        if (!(data->lParam->dwExtraInfo & CommonSharedConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_INJECTED_FLAG))
        {
            // The mutex should be unlocked before SendInput is called to avoid re-entry into the same mutex. More details can be found at https://github.com/microsoft/PowerToys/pull/1789#issuecomment-607555837
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(State.singleKeyToggleToMod_mutex);
            auto it = State.singleKeyToggleToMod.find(data->lParam->vkCode);
            if (it != State.singleKeyToggleToMod.end())
            {
                // To avoid long presses (which leads to continuous keydown messages) from toggling the key on and off
                if (data->wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN)
                {
                    if (it->second == false)
                    {
                        State.singleKeyToggleToMod[data->lParam->vkCode] = true;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        lock.unlock();
                        return 1;
                    }
                }
                int key_count = 2;
                LPINPUT keyEventList = new INPUT[size_t(key_count)]();
                Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, 0, INPUT_KEYBOARD, (WORD)data->lParam->vkCode, 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SINGLEKEY_FLAG);
                Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, 1, INPUT_KEYBOARD, (WORD)data->lParam->vkCode, KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SINGLEKEY_FLAG);

                lock.unlock();
                UINT res = ii.SendVirtualInput(key_count, keyEventList, sizeof(INPUT));
                delete[] keyEventList;

                // Reset the long press flag when the key has been lifted.
                if (data->wParam == WM_KEYUP || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP)
                {
                    lock.lock();
                    State.singleKeyToggleToMod[data->lParam->vkCode] = false;
                    lock.unlock();
                }

                return 1;
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }
    */

    // Function to a handle a shortcut remap
    intptr_t HandleShortcutRemapEvent(KeyboardManagerInput::InputInterface& ii, LowlevelKeyboardEvent* data, State& state, const std::optional<std::wstring>& activatedApp) noexcept
    {
        auto resetChordsResults = ResetChordsIfNeeded(data, state, activatedApp);

        // Check if any shortcut is currently in the invoked state
        bool isShortcutInvoked = state.CheckShortcutRemapInvoked(activatedApp);

        // Get shortcut table for given activatedApp
        ShortcutRemapTable& reMap = state.GetShortcutRemapTable(activatedApp);

        // Iterate through the shortcut remaps and apply whichever has been pressed
        for (auto& itShortcut : state.GetSortedShortcutRemapVector(activatedApp))
        {
            const auto it = reMap.find(itShortcut);

            // If a shortcut is currently in the invoked state then skip till the shortcut that is currently invoked
            if (isShortcutInvoked && !it->second.isShortcutInvoked)
            {
                continue;
            }

            // Check if the remap is to a key or a shortcut
            const bool remapToKey = it->second.targetShortcut.index() == 0;
            const bool remapToShortcut = it->second.targetShortcut.index() == 1;
            const bool remapToText = it->second.targetShortcut.index() == 2;
            const bool isRunProgram = (remapToShortcut && std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).IsRunProgram());
            const bool isOpenUri = (remapToShortcut && std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).IsOpenURI());
            const size_t src_size = it->first.Size();
            const size_t dest_size = remapToShortcut ? std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).Size() : 1;

            bool isMatchOnChordEnd = false;
            bool isMatchOnChordStart = false;

            // If the shortcut has been pressed down
            if (!it->second.isShortcutInvoked && it->first.CheckModifiersKeyboardState(ii))
            {
                // if not a mod key, check for chord stuff
                if (!resetChordsResults.CurrentKeyIsModifierKey && (data->wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN))
                {
                    if (itShortcut.HasChord())
                    {
                        if (!resetChordsResults.AnyChordStarted && data->lParam->vkCode == itShortcut.GetActionKey() && !itShortcut.IsChordStarted() && itShortcut.HasChord())
                        {
                            // start new chord
                            // Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:new chord started for {}", data->lParam->vkCode);
                            isMatchOnChordStart = true;
                            ResetAllOtherStartedChords(state, activatedApp, data->lParam->vkCode);
                            itShortcut.SetChordStarted(true);
                            continue;
                        }

                        if (itShortcut.IsChordStarted() && itShortcut.HasChord())
                        {
                            if (data->lParam->vkCode == itShortcut.GetSecondKey())
                            {
                                Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:found chord match {}, {}", itShortcut.GetActionKey(), itShortcut.GetSecondKey());
                                isMatchOnChordEnd = true;
                            }
                            // Resets chord status for the shortcut. A key was pressed and we registered if it was the end of the chord. We can reset it.
                            if (data->lParam->vkCode != itShortcut.GetActionKey())
                            {
                                itShortcut.SetChordStarted(false);
                            }
                        }

                        if (resetChordsResults.AnyChordStarted && !isMatchOnChordEnd)
                        {
                            // Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:waiting on second key of chord, checked {} for {}", itShortcut.GetSecondKey(), data->lParam->vkCode);
                            // this is a key and there is a mod, but it's not the second key of a chord.
                            // we can't do anything with this key, we're waiting.
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (isMatchOnChordEnd || (!resetChordsResults.AnyChordStarted && !itShortcut.HasChord() && (data->lParam->vkCode == it->first.GetActionKey() && (data->wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN))))
                {
                    ResetAllStartedChords(state, activatedApp);
                    resetChordsResults.AnyChordStarted = false;

                    // Check if any other keys have been pressed apart from the shortcut. If true, then check for the next shortcut. This is to be done only for shortcut to shortcut remaps
                    if (!it->first.IsKeyboardStateClearExceptShortcut(ii) && (remapToShortcut || (remapToKey && std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut) == CommonSharedConstants::VK_DISABLED)))
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    size_t key_count = 0;
                    LPINPUT keyEventList = nullptr;

                    // Remember which win key was pressed initially
                    if (ii.GetVirtualKeyState(VK_RWIN))
                    {
                        it->second.winKeyInvoked = ModifierKey::Right;
                    }
                    else if (ii.GetVirtualKeyState(VK_LWIN))
                    {
                        it->second.winKeyInvoked = ModifierKey::Left;
                    }

                    if (isRunProgram)
                    {
                        auto threadFunction = [it]() {
                            CreateOrShowProcessForShortcut(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut));
                        };

                        std::thread myThread(threadFunction);
                        if (myThread.joinable())
                        {
                            myThread.detach();
                        }

                        

                        Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:returning..");
                        return 1;
                    }
                    else if (isOpenUri)
                    {
                        auto shortcut = std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut);

                        auto uri = shortcut.uriToOpen;
                        auto newUri = uri;

                        if (!PathIsURL(uri.c_str()))
                        {
                            WCHAR url[1024];
                            DWORD bufferSize = 1024;

                            if (UrlCreateFromPathW(uri.c_str(), url, &bufferSize, 0) == S_OK)
                            {
                                newUri = url;
                                Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:ConvertPathToURI from {} to {}", uri, url);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                // need access to text resources, maybe "convert-resx-to-rc.ps1" is not working to get
                                // text from KeyboardManagerEditor to here in KeyboardManagerEngineLibrary land?
                                toast(L"Error", L"Could not understand the Path or URI");
                                return 1;
                            }
                        }

                        
                        auto threadFunction = [newUri]() {
                            HINSTANCE result = ShellExecute(NULL, L"open", newUri.c_str(), NULL, NULL, SW_SHOWNORMAL);

                            if (result == reinterpret_cast<HINSTANCE>(HINSTANCE_ERROR))
                            {
                                // need access to text resources, maybe "convert-resx-to-rc.ps1" is not working to get
                                // text from KeyboardManagerEditor to here in KeyboardManagerEngineLibrary land?
                                toast(L"Error", L"Could not understand the Path or URI");
                            }
                        };

                        std::thread myThread(threadFunction);
                        if (myThread.joinable())
                        {
                            myThread.detach();
                        }


                        Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:returning..");
                        return 1;
                    }
                    else if (remapToShortcut)
                    {
                        // Get the common keys between the two shortcuts if this is not a runProgram shortcut

                        int commonKeys = it->first.GetCommonModifiersCount(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut));

                        // If the original shortcut modifiers are a subset of the new shortcut
                        if (commonKeys == src_size - 1)
                        {
                            // key down for all new shortcut keys except the common modifiers
                            key_count = dest_size - commonKeys;
                            keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};
                            int i = 0;
                            Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut), it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, true, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, it->first);
                            Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetActionKey()), 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                            i++;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // Dummy key, key up for all the original shortcut modifier keys and key down for all the new shortcut keys but common keys in each are not repeated
                            key_count = KeyboardManagerConstants::DUMMY_KEY_EVENT_SIZE + (src_size - 1) + (dest_size) - (2 * static_cast<size_t>(commonKeys));
                            keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};

                            // Send a dummy key event to prevent modifier press+release from being triggered. Example: Win+A->Ctrl+V, press Win+A, since Win will be released here we need to send a dummy event before it
                            int i = 0;
                            Helpers::SetDummyKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);

                            // Release original shortcut state (release in reverse order of shortcut to be accurate)
                            Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(it->first, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, false, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut));

                            // Set new shortcut key down state
                            Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut), it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, true, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, it->first);
                            Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetActionKey()), 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                            i++;
                        }

                        // Modifier state reset might be required for this key depending on the shortcut's action and target modifiers - ex: Win+Caps -> Ctrl+A
                        if (it->first.GetCtrlKey() == NULL && it->first.GetAltKey() == NULL && it->first.GetShiftKey() == NULL)
                        {
                            Shortcut temp = std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut);
                            for (auto keys : temp.GetKeyCodes())
                            {
                                ResetIfModifierKeyForLowerLevelKeyHandlers(ii, keys, data->lParam->vkCode);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else if (remapToKey)
                    {
                        // Dummy key, key up for all the original shortcut modifier keys and key down for remapped key
                        key_count = KeyboardManagerConstants::DUMMY_KEY_EVENT_SIZE + (src_size - 1) + dest_size;

                        // Do not send Disable key
                        if (std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut) == CommonSharedConstants::VK_DISABLED)
                        {
                            key_count--;
                            // Since the original shortcut's action key is pressed, set it to true
                            it->second.isOriginalActionKeyPressed = true;
                        }

                        keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};

                        // Send a dummy key event to prevent modifier press+release from being triggered. Example: Win+A->V, press Win+A, since Win will be released here we need to send a dummy event before it
                        int i = 0;
                        Helpers::SetDummyKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);

                        // Release original shortcut state (release in reverse order of shortcut to be accurate)
                        Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(it->first, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, false, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);

                        // Set target key down state
                        if (std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut) != CommonSharedConstants::VK_DISABLED)
                        {
                            Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut))), 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                            i++;
                        }

                        // Modifier state reset might be required for this key depending on the shortcut's action and target modifier - ex: Win+Caps -> Ctrl
                        if (it->first.GetCtrlKey() == NULL && it->first.GetAltKey() == NULL && it->first.GetShiftKey() == NULL)
                        {
                            ResetIfModifierKeyForLowerLevelKeyHandlers(ii, static_cast<WORD>(Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut))), data->lParam->vkCode);
                        }
                    }
                    // Remapped to text
                    else
                    {
                        key_count = KeyboardManagerConstants::DUMMY_KEY_EVENT_SIZE + src_size;

                        auto remapping = std::get<std::wstring>(it->second.targetShortcut);
                        const UINT inputEventCount = static_cast<UINT>(remapping.length() * 2);
                        key_count += inputEventCount;

                        keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};

                        int i = 0;
                        Helpers::SetDummyKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);

                        // Release original shortcut state (release in reverse order of shortcut to be accurate)
                        Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(it->first, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, false, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);

                        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < inputEventCount; ++idx)
                        {
                            auto& input = keyEventList[idx + i];
                            input.type = INPUT_KEYBOARD;
                            const bool upEvent = idx & 0x1;
                            input.ki.dwFlags = KEYEVENTF_UNICODE | (upEvent ? KEYEVENTF_KEYUP : 0);
                            input.ki.dwExtraInfo = KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG;
                            input.ki.wScan = remapping[idx >> 1];
                        }
                    }

                    it->second.isShortcutInvoked = true;
                    // If app specific shortcut is invoked, store the target application
                    if (activatedApp)
                    {
                        state.SetActivatedApp(*activatedApp);
                    }

                    Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:key_count:{}", key_count);

                    UINT res = ii.SendVirtualInput(static_cast<UINT>(key_count), keyEventList, sizeof(INPUT));
                    delete[] keyEventList;

                    // Send daily telemetry event for Keyboard Manager key activation.
                    if (activatedApp.has_value())
                    {
                        if (remapToKey)
                        {
                            static int dayWeLastSentAppSpecificShortcutToKeyTelemetryOn = -1;
                            auto currentDay = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::days>(std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
                            if (dayWeLastSentAppSpecificShortcutToKeyTelemetryOn != currentDay)
                            {
                                Trace::DailyAppSpecificShortcutToKeyRemapInvoked();
                                dayWeLastSentAppSpecificShortcutToKeyTelemetryOn = currentDay;
                            }
                        }
                        else if (remapToShortcut && (!isRunProgram) && (!isOpenUri))
                        {
                            static int dayWeLastSentAppSpecificShortcutToShortcutTelemetryOn = -1;
                            auto currentDay = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::days>(std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
                            if (dayWeLastSentAppSpecificShortcutToShortcutTelemetryOn != currentDay)
                            {
                                Trace::DailyAppSpecificShortcutToShortcutRemapInvoked();
                                dayWeLastSentAppSpecificShortcutToShortcutTelemetryOn = currentDay;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (remapToKey)
                        {
                            static int dayWeLastSentShortcutToKeyTelemetryOn = -1;
                            auto currentDay = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::days>(std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
                            if (dayWeLastSentShortcutToKeyTelemetryOn != currentDay)
                            {
                                Trace::DailyShortcutToKeyRemapInvoked();
                                dayWeLastSentShortcutToKeyTelemetryOn = currentDay;
                            }
                        }
                        else if (remapToShortcut && (!isRunProgram) && (!isOpenUri))
                        {
                            static int dayWeLastSentShortcutToShortcutTelemetryOn = -1;
                            auto currentDay = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::days>(std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
                            if (dayWeLastSentShortcutToShortcutTelemetryOn != currentDay)
                            {
                                Trace::DailyShortcutToShortcutRemapInvoked();
                                dayWeLastSentShortcutToShortcutTelemetryOn = currentDay;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    return 1;
                }
            }
            else if (it->second.isShortcutInvoked)
            {
                // The shortcut has already been pressed down at least once, i.e. the shortcut has been invoked
                // There are 6 cases to be handled if the shortcut has been pressed down
                // 1. The user lets go of one of the modifier keys - reset the keyboard back to the state of the keys actually being pressed down
                // 2. The user keeps the shortcut pressed - the shortcut is repeated (for example you could hold down Ctrl+V and it will keep pasting)
                // 3. The user lets go of the action key - keep modifiers of the new shortcut until some other key event which doesn't apply to the original shortcut
                // 4. The user presses a modifier key in the original shortcut - suppress that key event since the original shortcut is already held down physically (This case can occur only if a user has a duplicated modifier key (possibly by remapping) or if user presses both L/R versions of a modifier remapped with "Both")
                // 5. The user presses any key apart from the action key or a modifier key in the original shortcut - revert the keyboard state to just the original modifiers being held down along with the current key press
                // 6. The user releases any key apart from original modifier or original action key - This can't happen since the key down would have to happen first, which is handled above

                // Get the common keys between the two shortcuts
                int commonKeys = (remapToShortcut && !isRunProgram) ? it->first.GetCommonModifiersCount(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut)) : 0;

                // Case 1: If any of the modifier keys of the original shortcut are released before the action key
                if ((it->first.CheckWinKey(data->lParam->vkCode) || it->first.CheckCtrlKey(data->lParam->vkCode) || it->first.CheckAltKey(data->lParam->vkCode) || it->first.CheckShiftKey(data->lParam->vkCode)) && (data->wParam == WM_KEYUP || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP))
                {
                    // Release new shortcut, and set original shortcut keys except the one released
                    size_t key_count = 0;
                    LPINPUT keyEventList = nullptr;
                    if (remapToShortcut && !isRunProgram)
                    {
                        // if the released key is present in both shortcuts' modifiers (i.e part of the common modifiers)
                        if (std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).CheckWinKey(data->lParam->vkCode) || std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).CheckCtrlKey(data->lParam->vkCode) || std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).CheckAltKey(data->lParam->vkCode) || std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).CheckShiftKey(data->lParam->vkCode))
                        {
                            // release all new shortcut keys and the common released modifier except the other common modifiers, and add all original shortcut modifiers except the common ones, and dummy key
                            key_count = (dest_size - commonKeys) + (src_size - 1 - commonKeys) + KeyboardManagerConstants::DUMMY_KEY_EVENT_SIZE;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // release all new shortcut keys except the common modifiers and add all original shortcut modifiers except the common ones, and dummy key
                            key_count = (dest_size - 1) + (src_size - 2) - (2 * static_cast<size_t>(commonKeys)) + KeyboardManagerConstants::DUMMY_KEY_EVENT_SIZE;
                        }

                        // If the target shortcut's action key is pressed, then it should be released
                        bool isActionKeyPressed = false;
                        if (ii.GetVirtualKeyState((std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetActionKey())))
                        {
                            isActionKeyPressed = true;
                            key_count += 1;
                        }

                        keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};

                        // Release new shortcut state (release in reverse order of shortcut to be accurate)
                        int i = 0;
                        if (isActionKeyPressed)
                        {
                            Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetActionKey()), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                            i++;
                        }

                        Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut), it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, false, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, it->first, data->lParam->vkCode);

                        // Set original shortcut key down state except the action key and the released modifier since the original action key may or may not be held down. If it is held down it will generate it's own key message
                        Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(it->first, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, true, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut), data->lParam->vkCode);

                        // Send a dummy key event to prevent modifier press+release from being triggered. Example: Win+Ctrl+A->Ctrl+V, press Win+Ctrl+A and release A then Ctrl, since Win will be pressed here we need to send a dummy event after it
                        Helpers::SetDummyKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                    }
                    else if (remapToKey)
                    {
                        // 1 for releasing new key and original shortcut modifiers except the one released and dummy key
                        key_count = dest_size + src_size - 2 + KeyboardManagerConstants::DUMMY_KEY_EVENT_SIZE;
                        bool isTargetKeyPressed = false;

                        // Do not send Disable key up
                        if (std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut) == CommonSharedConstants::VK_DISABLED)
                        {
                            key_count--;
                        }
                        else if (ii.GetVirtualKeyState(Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut))))
                        {
                            isTargetKeyPressed = true;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            isTargetKeyPressed = false;
                            key_count--;
                        }

                        keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};

                        // Release new key state
                        int i = 0;
                        if (std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut) != CommonSharedConstants::VK_DISABLED && isTargetKeyPressed)
                        {
                            Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut))), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                            i++;
                        }

                        // Set original shortcut key down state except the action key and the released modifier since the original action key may or may not be held down. If it is held down it will generate it's own key message
                        Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(it->first, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, true, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, Shortcut(), data->lParam->vkCode);

                        // Send a dummy key event to prevent modifier press+release from being triggered. Example: Win+Ctrl+A->V, press Win+Ctrl+A and release A then Ctrl, since Win will be pressed here we need to send a dummy event after it
                        Helpers::SetDummyKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                    }

                    // Reset the remap state
                    it->second.isShortcutInvoked = false;
                    it->second.winKeyInvoked = ModifierKey::Disabled;
                    it->second.isOriginalActionKeyPressed = false;

                    // If app specific shortcut has finished invoking, reset the target application
                    if (activatedApp)
                    {
                        state.SetActivatedApp(KeyboardManagerConstants::NoActivatedApp);
                    }

                    // key count can be 0 if both shortcuts have same modifiers and the action key is not held down. delete will throw an error if keyEventList is empty
                    if (key_count > 0)
                    {
                        UINT res = ii.SendVirtualInput(static_cast<UINT>(key_count), keyEventList, sizeof(INPUT));
                        delete[] keyEventList;
                    }
                    return 1;
                }

                // The system will see the modifiers of the new shortcut as being held down because of the shortcut remap
                if (!remapToShortcut || (remapToShortcut && std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).CheckModifiersKeyboardState(ii)))
                {
                    // Case 2: If the original shortcut is still held down the keyboard will get a key down message of the action key in the original shortcut and the new shortcut's modifiers will be held down (keys held down send repeated keydown messages)
                    if (((data->lParam->vkCode == it->first.GetActionKey() && !it->first.HasChord())||(data->lParam->vkCode == it->first.GetSecondKey() && it->first.HasChord())) && (data->wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN))
                    {
                        // In case of mapping to disable do not send anything
                        if (remapToKey && std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut) == CommonSharedConstants::VK_DISABLED)
                        {
                            // Since the original shortcut's action key is pressed, set it to true
                            it->second.isOriginalActionKeyPressed = true;
                            return 1;
                        }

                        size_t key_count = 1;
                        LPINPUT keyEventList = nullptr;
                        if (remapToShortcut)
                        {
                            keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};
                            Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, 0, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetActionKey()), 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                        }
                        else if (remapToKey)
                        {
                            keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};
                            Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, 0, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut))), 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                        }
                        else if (remapToText)
                        {
                            auto remapping = std::get<std::wstring>(it->second.targetShortcut);
                            const UINT inputEventCount = static_cast<UINT>(remapping.length() * 2);
                            key_count = inputEventCount;
                            keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};

                            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < inputEventCount; ++idx)
                            {
                                auto& input = keyEventList[idx];
                                input.type = INPUT_KEYBOARD;
                                const bool upEvent = idx & 0x1;
                                input.ki.dwFlags = KEYEVENTF_UNICODE | (upEvent ? KEYEVENTF_KEYUP : 0);
                                input.ki.dwExtraInfo = KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG;
                                input.ki.wScan = remapping[idx >> 1];
                            }
                        }

                        UINT res = ii.SendVirtualInput(static_cast<UINT>(key_count), keyEventList, sizeof(INPUT));
                        delete[] keyEventList;
                        return 1;
                    }

                    // Case 3: If the action key is released from the original shortcut, keep modifiers of the new shortcut until some other key event which doesn't apply to the original shortcut
                    if (!remapToText && ((!it->first.HasChord() && data->lParam->vkCode == it->first.GetActionKey()) || (it->first.HasChord() && data->lParam->vkCode==it->first.GetSecondKey())) && (data->wParam == WM_KEYUP || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP))
                    {
                        size_t key_count = 1;
                        LPINPUT keyEventList = nullptr;
                        if (remapToShortcut && !it->first.HasChord())
                        {
                            // Just lift the action key for no chords.
                            keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};
                            Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, 0, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetActionKey()), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                        }
                        else if (remapToShortcut && it->first.HasChord())
                        {
                            // If it has a chord, we'll want a full clean contemplated in the else, since you can't really repeat chords by pressing the end key again.

                            // Key up for all new shortcut keys, key down for original shortcut modifiers and current key press but common keys aren't repeated
                            key_count = (dest_size) + (src_size +1) - (2 * static_cast<size_t>(commonKeys));
                            int i = 0;

                            keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};
                            Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetActionKey()), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                            i++;

                            // Release new shortcut state (release in reverse order of shortcut to be accurate)
                            Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut), it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, false, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, it->first);

                            // Set old shortcut key down state
                            Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(it->first, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, true, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut));

                            // Reset the remap state
                            it->second.isShortcutInvoked = false;
                            it->second.winKeyInvoked = ModifierKey::Disabled;
                            it->second.isOriginalActionKeyPressed = false;

                            // If app specific shortcut has finished invoking, reset the target application
                            if (activatedApp)
                            {
                                state.SetActivatedApp(KeyboardManagerConstants::NoActivatedApp);
                            }

                        }
                        else if (std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut) == CommonSharedConstants::VK_DISABLED)
                        {
                            // If remapped to disable, do nothing and suppress the key event
                            // Since the original shortcut's action key is released, set it to false
                            it->second.isOriginalActionKeyPressed = false;
                            return 1;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // Check if the keyboard state is clear apart from the target remap key (by creating a temp Shortcut object with the target key)
                            bool isKeyboardStateClear = Shortcut(std::vector<int32_t>({ Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut)) })).IsKeyboardStateClearExceptShortcut(ii);

                            // If the keyboard state is clear, we release the target key but do not reset the remap state
                            if (isKeyboardStateClear)
                            {
                                keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};
                                Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, 0, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut))), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                // If any other key is pressed, then the keyboard state must be reverted back to the physical keys.
                                // This is to take cases like Ctrl+A->D remap and user presses B+Ctrl+A and releases A, or Ctrl+A+B and releases A

                                // 1 for releasing new key and original shortcut modifiers, and dummy key
                                key_count = dest_size + (src_size - 1) + KeyboardManagerConstants::DUMMY_KEY_EVENT_SIZE;

                                keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};

                                // Release new key state
                                int i = 0;
                                Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut))), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                                i++;

                                // Set original shortcut key down state except the action key
                                Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(it->first, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, true, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);

                                // Send a dummy key event to prevent modifier press+release from being triggered. Example: Win+A->V, press Shift+Win+A and release A, since Win will be pressed here we need to send a dummy event after it
                                Helpers::SetDummyKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);

                                // Reset the remap state
                                it->second.isShortcutInvoked = false;
                                it->second.winKeyInvoked = ModifierKey::Disabled;
                                it->second.isOriginalActionKeyPressed = false;

                                // If app specific shortcut has finished invoking, reset the target application
                                if (activatedApp != KeyboardManagerConstants::NoActivatedApp)
                                {
                                    state.SetActivatedApp(KeyboardManagerConstants::NoActivatedApp);
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        UINT res = ii.SendVirtualInput(static_cast<UINT>(key_count), keyEventList, sizeof(INPUT));
                        delete[] keyEventList;
                        return 1;
                    }

                    // Case 4: If a modifier key in the original shortcut is pressed then suppress that key event since the original shortcut is already held down physically - This case can occur only if a user has a duplicated modifier key (possibly by remapping) or if user presses both L/R versions of a modifier remapped with "Both"
                    if ((it->first.CheckWinKey(data->lParam->vkCode) || it->first.CheckCtrlKey(data->lParam->vkCode) || it->first.CheckAltKey(data->lParam->vkCode) || it->first.CheckShiftKey(data->lParam->vkCode)) && (data->wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN))
                    {
                        if (remapToShortcut)
                        {
                            // Modifier state reset might be required for this key depending on the target shortcut action key - ex: Ctrl+A -> Win+Caps
                            if (std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetCtrlKey() == NULL && std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetAltKey() == NULL && std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetShiftKey() == NULL)
                            {
                                ResetIfModifierKeyForLowerLevelKeyHandlers(ii, data->lParam->vkCode, std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetActionKey());
                            }
                        }
                        else if (std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut) != CommonSharedConstants::VK_DISABLED)
                        {
                            // If it is not remapped to Disable
                            // Modifier state reset might be required for this key depending on the target key - ex: Ctrl+A -> Caps
                            ResetIfModifierKeyForLowerLevelKeyHandlers(ii, data->lParam->vkCode, Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(std::get<DWORD>(it->second.targetShortcut)));
                        }

                        // Suppress the modifier as it is already physically pressed
                        return 1;
                    }

                    // Case 5: If any key apart from the action key or a modifier key in the original shortcut is pressed then revert the keyboard state to just the original modifiers being held down along with the current key press
                    if (data->wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || data->wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN)
                    {
                        if (remapToShortcut)
                        {
                            // Modifier state reset might be required for this key depending on the target shortcut action key - ex: Ctrl+A -> Win+Caps, Shift is pressed. System should not see Shift and Caps pressed together
                            if (std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetCtrlKey() == NULL && std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetAltKey() == NULL && std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetShiftKey() == NULL)
                            {
                                ResetIfModifierKeyForLowerLevelKeyHandlers(ii, data->lParam->vkCode, std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetActionKey());
                            }

                            size_t key_count;
                            LPINPUT keyEventList = nullptr;

                            // Check if a new remapping should be applied
                            Shortcut currentlyPressed = it->first;
                            currentlyPressed.actionKey = data->lParam->vkCode;
                            auto newRemappingIter = reMap.find(currentlyPressed);
                            if (newRemappingIter != reMap.end() && !newRemappingIter->first.HasChord())
                            {
                                auto& newRemapping = newRemappingIter->second;
                                Shortcut from = std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut);
                                if (newRemapping.RemapToKey())
                                {
                                    DWORD to = std::get<0>(newRemapping.targetShortcut);
                                    bool isLastKeyStillPressed = ii.GetVirtualKeyState(static_cast<WORD>(from.actionKey));
                                    key_count = static_cast<size_t>(from.Size()) - 1 + 1 + (isLastKeyStillPressed ? 1 : 0);
                                    keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};
                                    int i = 0;
                                    Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(from, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, false, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                                    if (ii.GetVirtualKeyState(static_cast<WORD>(from.actionKey)))
                                    {
                                        // If the action key from the last shortcut is still being pressed, release it.
                                        Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(from.actionKey), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                                        i++;
                                    }
                                    Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(to), 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    Shortcut to = std::get<Shortcut>(newRemapping.targetShortcut);
                                    bool isLastKeyStillPressed = ii.GetVirtualKeyState(static_cast<WORD>(from.actionKey));

                                    size_t temp_key_count_calculation = static_cast<size_t>(from.Size()) - 1;
                                    temp_key_count_calculation += static_cast<size_t>(to.Size()) - 1;
                                    temp_key_count_calculation -= static_cast<size_t>(2) * from.GetCommonModifiersCount(to);
                                    key_count = temp_key_count_calculation + 1 + (isLastKeyStillPressed ? 1 : 0);
                                    keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};

                                    int i = 0;
                                    Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(from, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, false, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, to);
                                    if (ii.GetVirtualKeyState(static_cast<WORD>(from.actionKey)))
                                    {
                                        // If the action key from the last shortcut is still being pressed, release it.
                                        Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(from.actionKey), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                                        i++;
                                    }
                                    Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(to, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, true, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, from);
                                    Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(to.actionKey), 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                                    newRemapping.isShortcutInvoked = true;
                                }

                                // Remember which win key was pressed initially
                                if (ii.GetVirtualKeyState(VK_RWIN))
                                {
                                    newRemapping.winKeyInvoked = ModifierKey::Right;
                                }
                                else if (ii.GetVirtualKeyState(VK_LWIN))
                                {
                                    newRemapping.winKeyInvoked = ModifierKey::Left;
                                }
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                // Key up for all new shortcut keys, key down for original shortcut modifiers and current key press but common keys aren't repeated
                                key_count = (dest_size) + (src_size - 1) - (2 * static_cast<size_t>(commonKeys));

                                // If the target shortcut's action key is pressed, then it should be released and original shortcut's action key should be set
                                bool isActionKeyPressed = false;
                                if (ii.GetVirtualKeyState((std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetActionKey())))
                                {
                                    isActionKeyPressed = true;
                                    key_count += 2;
                                }

                                keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};

                                // Release new shortcut state (release in reverse order of shortcut to be accurate)
                                int i = 0;
                                if (isActionKeyPressed)
                                {
                                    Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut).GetActionKey()), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                                    i++;
                                }
                                Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut), it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, false, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, it->first);

                                // Set old shortcut key down state
                                Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(it->first, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, true, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG, std::get<Shortcut>(it->second.targetShortcut));

                                // key down for original shortcut action key with shortcut flag so that we don't invoke the same shortcut remap again
                                if (isActionKeyPressed)
                                {
                                    Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(it->first.GetActionKey()), 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                                    i++;
                                }

                                // Send current key pressed without shortcut flag so that it can be reprocessed in case the physical keys pressed are a different remapped shortcut
                                Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(data->lParam->vkCode), 0, 0);
                                i++;

                                // Do not send a dummy key as we want the current key press to behave as normal i.e. it can do press+release functionality if required. Required to allow a shortcut to Win key remap invoked directly after shortcut to shortcut is released to open start menu
                            }

                            // Reset the remap state
                            it->second.isShortcutInvoked = false;
                            it->second.winKeyInvoked = ModifierKey::Disabled;
                            it->second.isOriginalActionKeyPressed = false;

                            // If app specific shortcut has finished invoking, reset the target application
                            if (activatedApp)
                            {
                                state.SetActivatedApp(KeyboardManagerConstants::NoActivatedApp);
                            }

                            UINT res = ii.SendVirtualInput(static_cast<UINT>(key_count), keyEventList, sizeof(INPUT));
                            delete[] keyEventList;
                            return 1;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // For remap to key, if the original action key is not currently pressed, we should revert the keyboard state to the physical keys. If it is pressed we should not suppress the event so that shortcut to key remaps can be pressed with other keys. Example use-case: Alt+D->Win, allows Alt+D+A to perform Win+A

                            // Modifier state reset might be required for this key depending on the target key - ex: Ctrl+A -> Caps, Shift is pressed. System should not see Shift and Caps pressed together

                            auto maybeTargetKey = std::get_if<DWORD>(&it->second.targetShortcut);

                            if (maybeTargetKey)
                            {
                                ResetIfModifierKeyForLowerLevelKeyHandlers(ii, data->lParam->vkCode, Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(*maybeTargetKey));
                            }

                            // If the shortcut is remapped to Disable then we have to revert the keyboard state to the physical keys
                            bool isRemapToDisable = maybeTargetKey && (*maybeTargetKey == CommonSharedConstants::VK_DISABLED);
                            bool isOriginalActionKeyPressed = false;

                            if (maybeTargetKey && !isRemapToDisable)
                            {
                                // If the remap target key is currently pressed, then we do not have to revert the keyboard state to the physical keys
                                if (ii.GetVirtualKeyState((Helpers::FilterArtificialKeys(*maybeTargetKey))))
                                {
                                    isOriginalActionKeyPressed = true;
                                }
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                isOriginalActionKeyPressed = it->second.isOriginalActionKeyPressed;
                            }

                            if (isRemapToDisable || !isOriginalActionKeyPressed)
                            {
                                // Key down for original shortcut modifiers and action key, and current key press
                                size_t key_count = src_size + 1;

                                LPINPUT keyEventList = new INPUT[key_count]{};

                                // Set original shortcut key down state
                                int i = 0;
                                Helpers::SetModifierKeyEvents(it->first, it->second.winKeyInvoked, keyEventList, i, true, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);

                                // Send the original action key only if it is physically pressed. For remappings to keys other than disabled we already check earlier that it is not pressed in this scenario. For remap to disable
                                if (isRemapToDisable && isOriginalActionKeyPressed)
                                {
                                    // Set original action key
                                    Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(it->first.GetActionKey()), 0, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG);
                                    i++;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    key_count--;
                                }

                                // Send current key pressed without shortcut flag so that it can be reprocessed in case the physical keys pressed are a different remapped shortcut
                                Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, i, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(data->lParam->vkCode), 0, 0);
                                i++;

                                // Do not send a dummy key as we want the current key press to behave as normal i.e. it can do press+release functionality if required. Required to allow a shortcut to Win key remap invoked directly after another shortcut to key remap is released to open start menu

                                // Reset the remap state
                                it->second.isShortcutInvoked = false;
                                it->second.winKeyInvoked = ModifierKey::Disabled;
                                it->second.isOriginalActionKeyPressed = false;

                                // If app specific shortcut has finished invoking, reset the target application
                                if (activatedApp != KeyboardManagerConstants::NoActivatedApp)
                                {
                                    state.SetActivatedApp(KeyboardManagerConstants::NoActivatedApp);
                                }

                                UINT res = ii.SendVirtualInput(static_cast<UINT>(key_count), keyEventList, sizeof(INPUT));
                                delete[] keyEventList;
                                return 1;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                return 0;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // Case 6: If any key apart from original modifier or original action key is released - This can't happen since the key down would have to happen first, which is handled above. If a key up message is generated for some other key (maybe by code) do not suppress it
                }
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }

    std::wstring URL_encode(const std::wstring& filepath)
    {
        std::wostringstream escaped;
        escaped.fill('0');
        escaped << std::hex;

        for (wchar_t ch : filepath)
        {
            // Encode special characters except for colon after drive letter
            if (!iswalnum(ch) && ch != L'-' && ch != L'_' && ch != L'.' && ch != L'~' && !(ch == L':' && std::isalpha(filepath[0])))
            {
                escaped << std::uppercase;
                //escaped << '%' << std::setw(2) << int((unsigned char)ch);
                escaped << '%' << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>((static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
                escaped << std::nouppercase;
            }
            else
            {
                escaped << ch;
            }
        }

        return escaped.str();
    }

    std::wstring ConvertPathToURI(const std::wstring& filePath)
    {
        std::wstring fileUri = std::filesystem::absolute(filePath).wstring();
        std::replace(fileUri.begin(), fileUri.end(), L'\\', L'/');
        fileUri = L"file:///" + URL_encode(fileUri);

        return fileUri;
    }

    void ResetAllOtherStartedChords(State& state, const std::optional<std::wstring>& activatedApp, DWORD keyToKeep)
    {
        for (auto& itShortcut_2 : state.GetSortedShortcutRemapVector(activatedApp))
        {
            if (keyToKeep == NULL || itShortcut_2.actionKey != keyToKeep)
            {
                itShortcut_2.SetChordStarted(false);
            }
        }
    }

    void ResetAllStartedChords(State& state, const std::optional<std::wstring>& activatedApp)
    {
        ResetAllOtherStartedChords(state, activatedApp, NULL);
    }

    ResetChordsResults ResetChordsIfNeeded(LowlevelKeyboardEvent* data, State& state, const std::optional<std::wstring>& activatedApp)
    {
        ResetChordsResults result;
        result.AnyChordStarted = false;
        result.CurrentKeyIsModifierKey = false;

        bool isNewControlKey = false;
        bool anyChordStarted = false;
        if (VK_LWIN == data->lParam->vkCode || VK_RWIN == data->lParam->vkCode)
        {
            isNewControlKey = true;
        }
        if (VK_LSHIFT == data->lParam->vkCode || VK_RSHIFT == data->lParam->vkCode)
        {
            isNewControlKey = true;
        }
        if (VK_LMENU == data->lParam->vkCode || VK_RMENU == data->lParam->vkCode)
        {
            isNewControlKey = true;
        }
        if (VK_LCONTROL == data->lParam->vkCode || VK_RCONTROL == data->lParam->vkCode)
        {
            isNewControlKey = true;
        }

        if (isNewControlKey)
        {
            //Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:reset");

            for (auto& itShortcut : state.GetSortedShortcutRemapVector(activatedApp))
            {
                itShortcut.SetChordStarted(false);
            }
            result.CurrentKeyIsModifierKey = true;
        }
        else
        {
            for (auto& itShortcut : state.GetSortedShortcutRemapVector(activatedApp))
            {
                if (itShortcut.IsChordStarted())
                {
                    result.AnyChordStarted = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    struct handle_data
    {
        unsigned long process_id;
        HWND window_handle;
    };

    // used for reactivating a window for a program we already started.
    HWND FindMainWindow(unsigned long process_id, const bool allowNonVisible)
    {
        handle_data data;
        data.process_id = process_id;
        data.window_handle = 0;

        if (allowNonVisible)
        {
            EnumWindows(EnumWindowsCallbackAllowNonVisible, reinterpret_cast<LPARAM>(&data));
        }
        else
        {
            EnumWindows(EnumWindowsCallback, reinterpret_cast<LPARAM>(&data));
        }

        return data.window_handle;
    }

    // used by FindMainWindow
    BOOL CALLBACK EnumWindowsCallbackAllowNonVisible(HWND handle, LPARAM lParam)
    {
        handle_data& data = *reinterpret_cast<handle_data*>(lParam);
        unsigned long process_id = 0;
        GetWindowThreadProcessId(handle, &process_id);

        if (data.process_id == process_id)
        {
            data.window_handle = handle;
            return FALSE;
        }
        return TRUE;
    }

    // used by FindMainWindow
    BOOL CALLBACK EnumWindowsCallback(HWND handle, LPARAM lParam)
    {
        handle_data& data = *reinterpret_cast<handle_data*>(lParam);
        unsigned long process_id = 0;
        GetWindowThreadProcessId(handle, &process_id);

        if (data.process_id != process_id || !(GetWindow(handle, GW_OWNER) == static_cast<HWND>(0) && IsWindowVisible(handle)))
        {
            return TRUE;
        }

        data.window_handle = handle;
        return FALSE;
    }

    // GetProcessIdByName also used by HandleCreateProcessHotKeysAndChords

    std::vector<DWORD> GetProcessesIdByName(const std::wstring& processName)
    {
        std::vector<DWORD> processIds;
        HANDLE snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);

        if (snapshot != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        {
            PROCESSENTRY32 processEntry;
            processEntry.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);

            if (Process32First(snapshot, &processEntry))
            {
                do
                {
                    if (_wcsicmp(processEntry.szExeFile, processName.c_str()) == 0)
                    {
                        processIds.push_back(processEntry.th32ProcessID);
                    }
                } while (Process32Next(snapshot, &processEntry));
            }

            CloseHandle(snapshot);
        }

        return processIds;
    }

    DWORD GetProcessIdByName(const std::wstring& processName)
    {
        DWORD pid = 0;
        HANDLE snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);

        if (snapshot != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        {
            PROCESSENTRY32 processEntry;
            processEntry.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);

            if (Process32First(snapshot, &processEntry))
            {
                do
                {
                    if (_wcsicmp(processEntry.szExeFile, processName.c_str()) == 0)
                    {
                        pid = processEntry.th32ProcessID;
                        break;
                    }
                } while (Process32Next(snapshot, &processEntry));
            }

            CloseHandle(snapshot);
        }

        return pid;
    }

    // Use to find a process by its name
    std::wstring GetFileNameFromPath(const std::wstring& fullPath)
    {
        size_t found = fullPath.find_last_of(L"\\");
        if (found != std::wstring::npos)
        {
            return fullPath.substr(found + 1);
        }
        return fullPath;
    }

    void toast(param::hstring const& message1, param::hstring const& message2) noexcept
    {
        try
        {
            // Alternatively can build DOM from code:
            XmlDocument toastXml;
            XmlElement toastElement = toastXml.CreateElement(L"toast");
            XmlElement visualElement = toastXml.CreateElement(L"visual");
            XmlElement bindingElement = toastXml.CreateElement(L"binding");
            XmlElement textElement1 = toastXml.CreateElement(L"text");
            XmlElement textElement2 = toastXml.CreateElement(L"text");

            toastXml.AppendChild(toastElement);
            toastElement.AppendChild(visualElement);
            visualElement.AppendChild(bindingElement);

            bindingElement.AppendChild(textElement1);
            bindingElement.AppendChild(textElement2);

            bindingElement.SetAttribute(L"template", L"ToastGeneric");

            textElement1.InnerText(message1);
            textElement2.InnerText(message2);

            Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:toastXml {}", toastXml.GetXml());
            std::wstring APPLICATION_ID = L"Microsoft.PowerToysWin32";
            const auto notifier = ToastNotificationManager::ToastNotificationManager::CreateToastNotifier(APPLICATION_ID);

            ToastNotification notification{ toastXml };
            notifier.Show(notification);
        }
        catch (...)
        {
        }

        /*std::thread{ [message] {
    
        } }.detach();*/
    }

    void CreateOrShowProcessForShortcut(Shortcut shortcut) noexcept
    {
        WCHAR fullExpandedFilePath[MAX_PATH];
        DWORD result = ExpandEnvironmentStrings(shortcut.runProgramFilePath.c_str(), fullExpandedFilePath, MAX_PATH);

        auto fileNamePart = GetFileNameFromPath(fullExpandedFilePath);

        Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, trying to run {}", fileNamePart, fullExpandedFilePath);
        //lastKeyInChord = 0;

        DWORD targetPid = GetProcessIdByName(fileNamePart);

        /*if (fileNamePart != L"explorer.exe" && fileNamePart != L"powershell.exe" && fileNamePart != L"cmd.exe" && fileNamePart != L"msedge.exe")
        {
            targetPid = GetProcessIdByName(fileNamePart);
        }*/

        Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, already running, pid:{}, alreadyRunningAction:{}", fileNamePart, targetPid, shortcut.alreadyRunningAction);

        if (targetPid != 0 && shortcut.alreadyRunningAction != Shortcut::ProgramAlreadyRunningAction::StartAnother)
        {
           if (shortcut.alreadyRunningAction == Shortcut::ProgramAlreadyRunningAction::EndTask)
            {
                TerminateProcessesByName(fileNamePart);
                return;
            }
            else if (shortcut.alreadyRunningAction == Shortcut::ProgramAlreadyRunningAction::Close)
            {
                CloseProcessByName(fileNamePart);
                Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, CloseProcessByName returning 3", fileNamePart);
                return;
            }
            else if (shortcut.alreadyRunningAction == Shortcut::ProgramAlreadyRunningAction::ShowWindow)
            {
                auto processIds = GetProcessesIdByName(fileNamePart);

                for (DWORD pid : processIds)
                {
                    ShowProgram(targetPid, fileNamePart, false, false, 0);
                }

                //if (!ShowProgram(targetPid, fileNamePart, false, false, 0))
                //{
                //    /*auto future = std::async(std::launch::async, [=] {
                //    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(30));
                //    Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, second try, pid:{}", fileNamePart, targetPid);
                //    ShowProgram(targetPid, fileNamePart, false, false);
                //});*/
                //}
                return;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            DWORD dwAttrib = GetFileAttributesW(fullExpandedFilePath);

            if (dwAttrib == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
            {
                std::wstring title = fmt::format(L"Error starting {}", fileNamePart);
                std::wstring message = fmt::format(L"The program was not found.");
                toast(title, message);
                return;
            }

            std::wstring expandedArgs;
            DWORD dwSize = ExpandEnvironmentStrings(shortcut.runProgramArgs.c_str(), nullptr, 0);
            expandedArgs.resize(dwSize);
            DWORD result = ExpandEnvironmentStrings(shortcut.runProgramArgs.c_str(), expandedArgs.data(), dwSize);

            WCHAR currentDir[MAX_PATH];
            WCHAR* currentDirPtr = currentDir;
            result = ExpandEnvironmentStrings(shortcut.runProgramStartInDir.c_str(), currentDir, MAX_PATH);

            if (shortcut.runProgramStartInDir == L"")
            {
                currentDirPtr = nullptr;
            }
            else
            {
                DWORD dwAttrib = GetFileAttributesW(currentDir);

                if (dwAttrib == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
                {
                    std::wstring title = fmt::format(L"Error starting {}", fileNamePart);
                    std::wstring message = fmt::format(L"The start in path was not valid. It could not be used.", currentDir);
                    currentDirPtr = nullptr;
                    toast(title, message);
                    return;
                }
            }

            DWORD processId = 0;
            HANDLE newProcessHandle;

            if (shortcut.elevationLevel == Shortcut::ElevationLevel::Elevated)
            {
                newProcessHandle = run_elevated(fullExpandedFilePath, expandedArgs, currentDirPtr, (shortcut.startWindowType == Shortcut::StartWindowType::Normal));
                processId = GetProcessId(newProcessHandle);
            }
            else if (shortcut.elevationLevel == Shortcut::ElevationLevel::NonElevated)
            {
                run_non_elevated(fullExpandedFilePath, expandedArgs, &processId, currentDirPtr, (shortcut.startWindowType == Shortcut::StartWindowType::Normal));
            }
            else if (shortcut.elevationLevel == Shortcut::ElevationLevel::DifferentUser)
            {
                newProcessHandle = run_as_different_user(fullExpandedFilePath, expandedArgs, currentDirPtr, (shortcut.startWindowType == Shortcut::StartWindowType::Normal));
                processId = GetProcessId(newProcessHandle);
            }

            if (processId == 0)
            {
                std::wstring title = fmt::format(L"Error starting {}", fileNamePart);
                std::wstring message = fmt::format(L"The application might not have started.");
                toast(title, message);
                return;
            }

            if (shortcut.startWindowType == Shortcut::StartWindowType::Hidden)
            {
                HideProgram(processId, fileNamePart, 0);
            }
            //ShowProgram(processId, fileNamePart, true, false, (shortcut.startWindowType == Shortcut::StartWindowType::Hidden), 0);
        }
        return;
    }

    void CloseProcessByName(const std::wstring& fileNamePart)
    {
        auto processIds = GetProcessesIdByName(fileNamePart);

        if (processIds.size() == 0)
        {
            Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, Nothing To WM_CLOSE", fileNamePart);
            return;
        }

        auto threadFunction = [fileNamePart]() {
            auto processIds = GetProcessesIdByName(fileNamePart);
            auto retryCount = 10;
            while (processIds.size() > 0 && retryCount-- > 0)
            {
                //Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, WM_CLOSE 'ing {}processIds ", fileNamePart, processIds.size());
                for (DWORD pid : processIds)
                {
                    //Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, WM_CLOSE ({}) -> pid:{}", fileNamePart, retryCount, pid);
                    HWND hwnd = FindMainWindow(pid, false);
                    SendMessage(hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);

                    // small sleep between when there are a lot might help
                    Sleep(10);
                }

                processIds = GetProcessesIdByName(fileNamePart);
                if (processIds.size() <= 0)
                {
                    Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, WM_CLOSE done", fileNamePart);
                    break;
                }
                else
                {
                    Sleep(100);
                }
            }
        };

        processIds = GetProcessesIdByName(fileNamePart);

        if (processIds.size() > 0)
        {
            std::thread myThread(threadFunction);
            if (myThread.joinable())
            {
                myThread.detach();
            }
        }

        Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, CloseProcessByName returning", fileNamePart);
    }

    void TerminateProcessesByName(const std::wstring& fileNamePart)
    {
        auto processIds = GetProcessesIdByName(fileNamePart);

        if (processIds.size() == 0)
        {
            Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, Nothing To PROCESS_TERMINATE", fileNamePart);
            return;
        }

        for (DWORD pid : processIds)
        {
            HANDLE hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid);
            Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, PROCESS_TERMINATE (1) -> pid:{}", fileNamePart, pid);
            if (hProcess != NULL)
            {
                if (!TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0))
                {
                    CloseHandle(hProcess);
                }
                else
                {
                    CloseHandle(hProcess);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    bool HideProgram(DWORD pid, std::wstring programName, int retryCount)
    {
        Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:HideProgram starting with {},{}, retryCount:{}", pid, programName, retryCount);

        HWND hwnd = FindMainWindow(pid, false);
        if (hwnd == NULL)
        {
            if (retryCount < 20)
            {
                Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:hwnd not found will retry for pid:{}", pid);
                auto future = std::async(std::launch::async, [=] {
                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
                    auto result = HideProgram(pid, programName, retryCount + 1);
                    return false;
                });
            }
        }

        hwnd = FindWindow(nullptr, nullptr);

        auto anyHideResultFailed = false;

        Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}:{},{}, FindWindow, HideProgram (all)", programName, pid, retryCount);
        while (hwnd)
        {
            DWORD pidForHwnd;
            GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, &pidForHwnd);
            if (pid == pidForHwnd)
            {
                if (IsWindowVisible(hwnd))
                {
                    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_HIDE);
                    Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, tryToHide {}, {}", programName, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(hwnd), anyHideResultFailed);
                }
            }
            hwnd = FindWindowEx(NULL, hwnd, NULL, NULL);
        }

        return true;
    }

    bool ShowProgram(DWORD pid, std::wstring programName, bool isNewProcess, bool minimizeIfVisible, int retryCount)
    {
        Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:ShowProgram starting with {},{},isNewProcess:{}, tryToHide:{} retryCount:{}", pid, programName, isNewProcess, retryCount);

        // a good place to look for this...
        // https://github.com/ritchielawrence/cmdow

        // try by main window.
        auto allowNonVisible = false;

        HWND hwnd = FindMainWindow(pid, allowNonVisible);

        if (hwnd == NULL)
        {
            if (retryCount < 20)
            {
                Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:hwnd not found will retry for pid:{}, allowNonVisible:{}", pid, allowNonVisible);

                auto future = std::async(std::launch::async, [=] {
                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
                    auto result = ShowProgram(pid, programName, isNewProcess, minimizeIfVisible, retryCount + 1);
                    return false;
                });
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, got hwnd from FindMainWindow", programName);

            if (hwnd == GetForegroundWindow())
            {
                // only hide if this was a call from a already open program, don't make small if we just opened it.
                if (!isNewProcess && minimizeIfVisible)
                {
                    Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, got GetForegroundWindow, doing SW_MINIMIZE", programName);
                    return ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_MINIMIZE);
                }
                return false;
            }
            else
            {
                Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, not ForegroundWindow, doing SW_RESTORE", programName);

                // Check if the window is minimized
                if (IsIconic(hwnd))
                {
                    // Show the window since SetForegroundWindow fails on minimized windows
                    if (!ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_RESTORE))
                    {
                        Logger::error(L"ShowWindow failed");
                    }
                }

                INPUT inputs[1] = { { .type = INPUT_MOUSE } };
                SendInput(ARRAYSIZE(inputs), inputs, sizeof(INPUT));

                if (!SetForegroundWindow(hwnd))
                {
                    auto errorCode = GetLastError();
                    Logger::warn(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, failed to SetForegroundWindow, {}", programName, errorCode);
                    return false;
                }
                else
                {
                    Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, success on SetForegroundWindow", programName);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        if (isNewProcess)
        {
            return true;
        }

        if (false)
        {
            // try by console.
            hwnd = FindWindow(nullptr, nullptr);
            if (AttachConsole(pid))
            {
                Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, success on AttachConsole", programName);

                // Get the console window handle
                hwnd = GetConsoleWindow();
                auto showByConsoleSuccess = false;
                if (hwnd != NULL)
                {
                    Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, success on GetConsoleWindow, doing SW_RESTORE", programName);

                    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_RESTORE);

                    if (!SetForegroundWindow(hwnd))
                    {
                        auto errorCode = GetLastError();
                        Logger::warn(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, failed to SetForegroundWindow, {}", programName, errorCode);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, success on SetForegroundWindow", programName);
                        showByConsoleSuccess = true;
                    }
                }

                // Detach from the console
                FreeConsole();
                if (showByConsoleSuccess)
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        // try to just show them all (if they have a title)!.
        hwnd = FindWindow(nullptr, nullptr);

        auto anyHideResultFailed = false;
        if (hwnd)
        {
            Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}:{},{}, FindWindow (show all mode)", programName, pid, retryCount);
            while (hwnd)
            {
                DWORD pidForHwnd;
                GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, &pidForHwnd);
                if (pid == pidForHwnd)
                {
                    int length = GetWindowTextLength(hwnd);

                    if (length > 0)
                    {
                        ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_RESTORE);

                        // hwnd is the window handle with targetPid
                        if (SetForegroundWindow(hwnd))
                        {
                            Logger::trace(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, success on SetForegroundWindow", programName);
                            return true;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            auto errorCode = GetLastError();
                            Logger::warn(L"ChordKeyboardHandler:{}, failed to SetForegroundWindow, {}", programName, errorCode);
                        }
                    }
                }
                hwnd = FindWindowEx(NULL, hwnd, NULL, NULL);
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    // Function to a handle an os-level shortcut remap
    intptr_t HandleOSLevelShortcutRemapEvent(KeyboardManagerInput::InputInterface& ii, LowlevelKeyboardEvent* data, State& state) noexcept
    {
        // Check if the key event was generated by KeyboardManager to avoid remapping events generated by us.
        if (data->lParam->dwExtraInfo != KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG)
        {
            bool result = HandleShortcutRemapEvent(ii, data, state);
            return result;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    // Function to a handle an app-specific shortcut remap
    intptr_t HandleAppSpecificShortcutRemapEvent(KeyboardManagerInput::InputInterface& ii, LowlevelKeyboardEvent* data, State& state) noexcept
    {
        // Check if the key event was generated by KeyboardManager to avoid remapping events generated by us.
        if (data->lParam->dwExtraInfo != KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG)
        {
            std::wstring process_name;

            // Allocate MAX_PATH amount of memory
            process_name.resize(MAX_PATH);
            ii.GetForegroundProcess(process_name);

            // Remove elements after null character
            process_name.erase(std::find(process_name.begin(), process_name.end(), L'\0'), process_name.end());

            if (process_name.empty())
            {
                return 0;
            }

            // Convert process name to lower case
            std::transform(process_name.begin(), process_name.end(), process_name.begin(), towlower);

            std::wstring query_string;

            AppSpecificShortcutRemapTable::iterator it;

            // Check if an app-specific shortcut is already activated
            if (state.GetActivatedApp() == KeyboardManagerConstants::NoActivatedApp)
            {
                query_string = process_name;
                it = state.appSpecificShortcutReMap.find(query_string);

                // If no entry is found, search for the process name without it's file extension
                if (it == state.appSpecificShortcutReMap.end())
                {
                    // Find index of the file extension
                    size_t extensionIndex = process_name.find_last_of(L".");
                    query_string = process_name.substr(0, extensionIndex);
                    it = state.appSpecificShortcutReMap.find(query_string);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                query_string = state.GetActivatedApp();
                it = state.appSpecificShortcutReMap.find(query_string);
            }

            if (it != state.appSpecificShortcutReMap.end())
            {
                bool result = HandleShortcutRemapEvent(ii, data, state, query_string);
                return result;
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }

    // Function to ensure Ctrl/Shift/Alt modifier key state is not detected as pressed down by applications which detect keys at a lower level than hooks when it is remapped for scenarios where its required
    void ResetIfModifierKeyForLowerLevelKeyHandlers(KeyboardManagerInput::InputInterface& ii, DWORD key, DWORD target)
    {
        // If the target is Caps Lock and the other key is either Ctrl/Alt/Shift then reset the modifier state to lower level handlers
        if (target == VK_CAPITAL)
        {
            // If the argument is either of the Ctrl/Shift/Alt modifier key codes
            if (Helpers::IsModifierKey(key) && !(key == VK_LWIN || key == VK_RWIN || key == CommonSharedConstants::VK_WIN_BOTH))
            {
                int key_count = 1;
                LPINPUT keyEventList = new INPUT[size_t(key_count)]{};

                // Use the suppress flag to ensure these are not intercepted by any remapped keys or shortcuts
                Helpers::SetKeyEvent(keyEventList, 0, INPUT_KEYBOARD, static_cast<WORD>(key), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SUPPRESS_FLAG);
                UINT res = ii.SendVirtualInput(static_cast<UINT>(key_count), keyEventList, sizeof(INPUT));
                delete[] keyEventList;
            }
        }
    }

    // Function to generate a unicode string in response to a single keypress
    intptr_t HandleSingleKeyToTextRemapEvent(KeyboardManagerInput::InputInterface& ii, LowlevelKeyboardEvent* data, State& state)
    {
        if (GeneratedByKBM(data))
        {
            return 0;
        }

        // Only send the text on keydown event
        if (data->wParam != WM_KEYDOWN)
        {
            return 0;
        }

        const auto remapping = state.GetSingleKeyToTextRemapEvent(data->lParam->vkCode);
        if (!remapping)
        {
            return 0;
        }

        const size_t keyCount = remapping->length();
        const UINT eventCount = static_cast<UINT>(keyCount * 2);
        auto keyEventList = std::make_unique<INPUT[]>(keyCount * 2);

        for (size_t i = 0; i < eventCount; ++i)
        {
            auto& input = keyEventList[i];
            input.type = INPUT_KEYBOARD;
            const bool upEvent = i & 0x1;
            input.ki.dwFlags = KEYEVENTF_UNICODE | (upEvent ? KEYEVENTF_KEYUP : 0);
            input.ki.dwExtraInfo = KeyboardManagerConstants::KEYBOARDMANAGER_SHORTCUT_FLAG;
            input.ki.wScan = (*remapping)[i >> 1];
        }

        UINT res = ii.SendVirtualInput(eventCount, keyEventList.get(), sizeof(INPUT));

        return 1;
    }
}